I SeventIy-fifth Year EDTED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS CIVIL RIGHTS, TEACH-IN: Impetus Given to Local Activism here opinions Are Fr Truth Will Prevail 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. NEws PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. ESDAY, MAY 18, 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT MOORE Trying ewTack: SNCC And The Establishment VICE-PRESIDENT for Student Affairs Richard Cutler, not one to let dogs lie sleeping for very long, released a state- ment last Friday praising the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee for "its contributions to campus and nation- al life." Cutler's action is at once startling, unprecedented and a brilliant expression of a type of moral and intellectual lead- ership for students and faculty that has not been seen around the University for quite some time. (Leadership at a uni- versity should be defined as stimulation by example rather than the gathering of a political or any other kind of fol- lowing.) The great importance of this state- ment lies first in its source. A University vice-president is saying something, ac- tually saying something. He is not out politicking for money, apologizing for stu- dent activism or trying to snare new fac- ulty. He is taking a morally-based stand on an issue irrelevant to the mass pro- duction of University degrees but cru- cially relevant to our world, such as it is, and to the individual human beings in that world who will receive those de- grees. It's about time somebody took this sort of interest in things human and in those aspects of University life where new social theories and philosophies must grow and be nurtured-eventually to pro- vide new directions and new meanings to the surrounding society. THIS, SURELY, must be one reason for the University's existence-providing social leadership. Such social leadership, manifested in SNCC, has now been offi- cially encouraged. SNCC has attempted to formulate new approaches to social prob- lems. Its success or even its tactics can be debated, but the worth to society of new and imaginative forces for change and development cannot be. Society, faced with such forces, can either ignore them, at its peril, or try to accommodate them. Without such forces at work, a society will quickly fall into the deadly ruts of stagnation and inertia. It is this fate that the student activists, roundabout, blundering or confused though they may be, are trying to fore- stall. And it now would seem that the student activists have a champion and a supporter in Richard Cutler. Some per- haps are looking disdainfully at anything issuing from "the establishment"-"their bitter enemy." But the present state of activism at the University, though some- what above an earlier, rock-bottom posi- tion, shows that the students here can't really carry the ball for very long with- outdsome outside encouragement and leadership. T'S LARGELY A MATTER of stimula- tion. It takes, after all, a great deal of energy and vision for a student to get JUDITH WARREN......................Co-Editor ROBERT RIPPLER ............... . . ......Co-Editor EDWARD HERSTEIN................ Sports Editor JUDITH FIELDS................ Business Manager JEFFREY LEEDS.,.....,......Supplement Manager NIGHT EDITORS: W. Rexford Benoit, Michael Ba- damo, Robert Moore, Barbara Seyfried, Bruce Was- serstein. Second class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Mich. Published daily Tuesday through Saturday morning himself out of his UGLI-classes-dates- apartment living circle and engage in some positive thinking and action aimed at changing and perhaps disrupting, in the process, the society that has prob- ably taken care of him pretty well for most of his life. Cutler has urged upon the students here just such a step. He has officially endorsed a philosophy of student involvement in something more than drama groups, chess clubs and "nice" activities. Such a philosophy far transcends, and is far more useful to both the student and his society, than a more traditional view of students as students. Max Rafferty, California state super- intendent of public instruction and a shining example of what has gone wrong at California and Berkeley, has pro- pounded the old-style philosophy in an interview in U.S. News and World Report. Q. What, specifically, would you do with these demonstration leaders on the Berkeley campus? A. I have urged many times that we get rid of the obvious ringleaders --these people who are not serious students--to make room for the very fine, dedicated and scholarly students graduating from the high schools, who are serious about advancing their education. APPARENTLY, Rafferty's version of the ideal student must either espouse his own educational values or be willing to accept whatever is handed him by Raf- ferty in the name of education. This isn't the kind of education Berkeley and the University can and ought to offer; it is, to borrow a phrase from Rafferty's title, public instruction. Those students here, who see them- selves as students, can now, at least, see one of the University's leaders doing and saying something intended to jar them from their complacency, encourage them to think beyond the confines of the UGLI, provoke them to discussion and perhaps to action. They are, in short, confronted with a compelling example, urging them to live a little in the broadest, most hum- anistic sense of the term. Over and over and over again it has been said. A university must be something more than assigned reading and lectures and libraries and research and fancy and not-so-fancy buildings and smiling but closed-mouth administrators and grumpy bureaucrats and stale professors. Perhaps there are too many vested interests, legi- timate ones even, for anyone, except Cut- ler, to take square aim and publicly open fire on student apathy and social con- servatism in one grand maneuver. BUT AT LEAST there is Cutler now, there have always been a few stu- dents, maybe the faculty will start pro- viding some vigorous support, maybe Cut- ler's colleagues and boss will provide pri- vate encouragement and public defense even if they don't think they are in a position to provide public encourage- ment, maybe even for a brief span the University, that great, confused, corpor- ate-looking enterprise, can transcend, for at least a few brilliant moments, its own confusions, bureaucracies, neuroses and become excitir}g, chaotic, stimulating and powerful. --ROBERT JOHNSTON EDITOR'S NOTE: In today's ar- ticle, thetenth in a series, Philip Sutin, Grad, continues to explore the course of student activism on the University campus since 1960. By PHILIP SUTIN CONCERN about the University has languished this year, but two major off-campus issues have stimulated activism throughout the University. Two of this year's three at- tempts at action in the University community have proven to be failures. In January, Student Gov- ernment Council backed a "stay in" at the Butterfield Theatres that cost studentsrmore money than the 25-cent price -hike they were fighting. Based on a tactic advanced by Kenneth Winter inra Daily edi- torial, students were to stay a half hour into the 9 p.m. show, getting their money's worth while fouling up theatre operations. BUT THE demonstration was overplanned. Students jammed the 7 p.m. show, and almost no stu- dents attended the 9 p.m. show. The total attendance for the night was very good, thus supplying the theatre with enough money. In addition, since few patrons came to the 9 p.m. show, few were in- convenienced when the students stayed in the theatre an extra half hour. Finally, the protestors picked "Mary Poppins," a Walt Disney special that cost them $1.50 apiece-25 cents more than usual. The University Student Em- ployes Union threatened to picket Drake's Sandwich Shop because of the low wages paid its student employes. But four employes re- .udiated UMSEU in a letter to The Daily, charging that the un- ion Dromised not to picket, but merely to negotiate with Drake's. THE UNION, however, contin- ued its pressure for a $1.25 mini- mum wage. After discussions and a picket of the Administration Bldg., the University announced that a new minimum wage would start this July, not in 1967, as originally planned, Student Government Council rebounded after the fall's low vote. It agreed to remove the pe- titioning requirement -- and the result was 20 candidates and a new political party-GROUP. DURING CHRISTMAS VACATION, this year, the Butterfield theaters raised their prices to $1.25 Uni- versity students, organized by Student Government Council, planned a "stay-in" at the Michigan Theater to protest the price increase, seen above. GROUP-the initials stand for Government Reform of University Policy-was formed by liberal stu- dents from Detroit's Mumford High School. The school had for years been the largest contributor of freshmen to the University, but Mumfordites had until now had little impact of the University With the coming of Barry Blue- stone, a Mumfordite, two years ago this inertia had begun to change. ROBERT GOLDEN, M i c k e y Eisenberg and Steven Daniels founded GROUP-and outlined its basic policies. Candidates were selected after a meeting of about 40 of their..friends in Eisenberg's apartment where the incipient party's aims were spelled out. Golden ran for SGC president under the new popular election system with Ellen Buchalter as his running mate. GROUP ran seven candidates for nine positions. GROUP, somewhat to the right of the old Voice in its campus politics days, stressed student economic issues in the campaign. "We see economic exploitation of the student body while the Uni- versity remains unwilling to com- mit itself with the economic wel- fare of students," the GROUP platform declared. "Our primary concern is to benefit the student." WHILE Golden was soundly de- feated by Gary Cunningham, the GROUP slate scored one of the greatest victories in SGC history. Five of the seven candidates were swept into office, despite charges of shady GROUP campaign prac- tices. On the Saturday before the election the candidates were ruled off the ballot, only to be returned the next day. With the coming of GROUP and a virtually complete council turn- over, SGC has become more lib- eral. It has backed the UMESU- Voice - GROUP economic welfare program, but without effective action yet. IQC under John Eadie has shown much vigor in protesting a quite probable dorm fee hike which may occur this summer. BUT THESE campus happen- ings were only minor events. Stu- dents - and faculty - reacted sharply to civil rights and the growing war in Viet Nam. The police brutalities in Selma and the continued bombing in Viet Nam culminated in two weeks of frantic activity-March 14-27. On the civil rights front, 60 students went to Montgomery, Ala., at the request of the Stu- dent N o n v i o 1e n t Coordinating Committee. They remained five days. Four who were arrested did not return until March 24 after several days in jail on a hunger strike. THE STUDENTS came from t h e Voice-SDS-Osterweil Co-op complex. Those that did not go to Montgomery picketed the De- troit Federal Bldg. On March 19, they returned to Detroit to participate in a long- time previously scheduled picket of Chrysler Corp. to protest Chrys- ler investments in the Union of South Africa. This spring, for probably the first time in University history, faculty members were prepared to use activist direct action tactics in support of a cause. A group of 13 faculty members -largely younger members of the sociology department-announced their intention to hold a work moratorium March 24. They would replace their cancelled classes with a day-long conference on Viet Nam. THE INSPIRATION to use di- rect action tactics came from sev- eral sources. One of the key lead- ers, Prof. William Gamson was active in Boston CORE before moving to Ann Arbor. Faculty and teaching fellow participation in the Berkeley pro- test movement was a second in- spiration. The appropriateness of, faculty action was driven home in a speech Paul Goodman gave in the Union Ballroom Feb. 18. Faculty, because of their spe- cial competance, must speak out in a variety of issues which strike at the foundation of society and the university, he said. "I would like society blasted by the fire of university truth," he told his audience. IRONICALLY, Goodman cited Viet Nam as an issue where fac- ulty should speak as citizens, not as faculty. The movement quickly gained ahderants and critics. Gov. George Romney said the faculty was pre- senting a bad example to the state's youth; the state Senate condemned the protest. Its reso- lution was toned down; the orig- inal version labeled the action "un American and unpatriotic." University P r e s i d e n t Harlan Hatcher called the class suspen- sion "inappropriate" but legal. It was faculty pressure that caused the group-now swollen to 49-to change tactics. The group held an agonizing eight and one- half hour meeting the night of March 16 with the chairman of SACUA and two other spokesmen present. AS A RESULT of this meeting, the "teach in" was adopted. It was a 12-hour lecture, protest rally, seminar session on Viet Nam held March 24. The group felt the work mora- torium tactic was diverting atten- tion from the real issue-the war in Viet Nam. The tactic also had reached the limit of its faculty support.. Hatcher blessed the "teach in" at the student convocation. The sense of relief in his remarks was followed by the unstinting co-op- eration the University gave the "teach in." THE TEACH-IN drew 2200 stu- dents-one of the largest crowds ever to participate in a University protest demonstration. Theturn- out-from opening speech to last rally-was double the planners' predictions. Students overflowed the four Angell Hall Auditoria where the event was staged and stayed on through the second of two bomb scares to a midnight rally. There was some picketing by a pro-administration Young Repub- lican-Young Democrat coalition and some noisy heckling of Prof. Kenneth Boulding at the midnight rally by a fraternity group. THE "TEACH IN" movement has continued past the original rally to have both national and I o c a 1 impacts. Nationally, it spawned a series of local teach ins. Sources close to President Lyndon B. Johnson say he made his "unconditional negotiation" speech April 7 at Johns Hopkins University to partially meet the academic dissidents. A long-planned Students for a Democratic Society Viet Nam rally April 17 drew 15,000 students in Washington. Meanwhile, the faculty and their cadre of students did much of the planning behind the May 15 national teach in. The movement has been a fac- ulty one since the beginning with students playing supporting roles. The students are only marginally related to the usual activist groups. SDS HAS supported the move- ment, but an attempt to divert student Interest to the march only was checked. The group has integrated quite well with the faculty members to form a new type of movement-. a faculty-student movement. TOMORROW: Student activ- ism becomes motivated by in- creasingly complex national and international problems. The fu- ture for activism on campus next fal seems bright. Of 4, #i jobs Available But Unemployment Reigns THERE IS NO DOUBT that Washington officials make un- employment statistics as accurate as the present state of knowledge permits, but it is hard to under- stand where the 4 million or so Americans listed as "unemployed" may be found. While the AFL-CIO presses its demands for a 35-hour work week and double-time penalty on over- time to "make employment," there is increasing difficulty in finding men andswomen to fill job open- ings. Recently the Wall Street Jour- nal devoted a long article to the difficulties employers in a num- ber of areas are having in find- ing skilled, semi-skilled and even unskilled labor. Costly overtime is being worked in a number of in- dustries due to the lack of appli- cants. THIS IS NOT, apparently, a situation confined to a few areas of the country. West Virginia has been held up for some years as an example of a "depressed area" in which jobs must be created. But Sen. Randolph of that state re- ports that West Virginia can't find enough workers to harvest the $20 million apple crop, even with the help of Labor Depart- ment recruiters in other states. Similar stories are being spread on the Congressional Record in- volving states in all parts of the country. When the Brooklyn Navy Yard closing was announced, job offers for even the unskilled poured in even from employers hundreds of miles away. THESE BITS of evidence, coupled with the pages of Help Wanted advertising in so many papers all over the country, cause one to wonder how we are to go about curing unemployment if having jobs open and available won't do it. -National Association of Manufacturers A' fall seems bright. TEACH-IN NEEDED: Congress Impotent in Foreign Policy By HAROLD WOLMAN Special To The Dally W ASHINGTON -- It takes no more than half of a day spent conversing with congressional staff members to discover the great extent to which Congress is disenchanted with American pol- icy in Viet Nam. However the result of this dis- enchantment is more congressional frustration than congressional ac- tion. Congress is no longer a vital force in formulating American foreign policy, nor has it been since at least the onset of the Second World War. FEIFFER ATHW&N o&) 1TO)1tR 2 This situation is partly due to constitutional provisions giving the president the power to make treaties as well as full authority as commander-in-chief of the na- tion's military forces. SINCE George Washington, it has been the President rather than Congress which has been the major force in making foreign policy. Congressional impotence (rather than simply the traditional presi- dential dominance) is also ex- plained in American government textbooks as a necessary reaction to America's post-war emergence from isolationism into internation- alism in the modern nuclear world. In such a situation speed and efficiency in gathering informa- tion and making decisions is a prerequisite for survival. But Con- gress is ill-prepared to compete with the presidency in fulfilling these requirements. But the main reason for con- gressional inaction in the area of foreign policy is that, based on both of the above partial explana- tions, congressmen themselves feel that it is not their place to involve themselves in that area. AS AN ASSISTANT to Sen. Wil- liam Fulbright (D-Ark), chairman of the Senate Committee on For- eign Relations, remarked, "Con- gress is extremely reluctant to tell the President that he is all wet in his foreign policy." As a result, only a handful of congressmen have voiced their dis- f'rIntent. wyjih rev~c'nt .adminigjtvr - can to the Democratic Party while in the Senate in 1954, has never been one of the most popular Senators among his colleagues. Despite his admitted brilliance, Morse's erratic senatorial career and his outspoken criticism, par- ticularly in the field of foreign affairs has, many Senators fear, identified him in the public eye as an advocate of wild and improb- able causes. Thus, individual con- gressmen may hesitate to seem- ingly associate themselves with Morse's criticisms on Viet Nam. Other Senators, both Republi- can and Democratic, have, to varying degrees at least, indicated their growing concern over our involvement in Viet Nam on the floor of the Senate. Senators Church (D-Idaho), McGovern (D- SD), Nelson (D-Mis), Javits (R- NY) and Aiken (R-Vt) have come closest to expressing outright op- position. A host of other Senators have publically expressed some degree of criticism. These include Sena- tors Robert Kennedy (D-NY), Ful- bright (D-Ark), the powerful Richard Russell (D-Ga) and Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-Mont). EVEN MORE senators, includ- ing a large bloc of Southern con- servatives who point to the Korean War as bitter testimony to the fact that the United States cannot win a land war in South- east Asia, have been privately grumbling about American in- volvement in Viet Nam, according to one of Morseo's aides. will undercut the American effort in Viet Nam. Our effort, he ex- plains, is predicated on convinc- ing the enemy that it is impossible for them to ever win the war be- cause of a steadfast American commitment to protect the ter- ritory. Criticism will make our commitment seem less than stead- fast. THE SUCCESS of Johnson's persuasive abilities is testified to by the case of Sen. Fulbright. Ful- bright, who has publically engaged in only very mild criticism--"Bill doesn't take a stand; he lies down," an aide to Sen. Morse re- marked bitterly- is known to be privately very much opposed to present administration policies. Fulbright has expressed this op- 'position to the President, and the President has responded by trying to convince the Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the merit of present strategy. But, as one assistant remarked, "The President doesn't enjoy hearing things he doesn't like, and every time he talks to Fulbright he hears something he doesn't like." Despite his opposition, however, not only has Fulbright largely re- mained silent on the floor of the Senate, but he has refused to hold hearings before the Foreign Re- lations Committee on the situa- tion in Viet Nam. Johnson was able to persuade Fulbright, according to Morse's aide (Morse is also a member of +1-,a nri ,-,., n,2 0 i +4r rnmm,.a w TWO0 VUROF6 (Q A MURU2CR TP1Ab FA! 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