Focus of Teach-In Debates: Nature of Vii pt Cong By HAROLD WOLMAN Special To The Daily WASHINGTON-The most crucial difference between the administration and many of its critics at Saturday's teach-in on Viet Nam policy was a question of fact: What is the nature of the Viet Cong? A Communist-run, North Viet Nam-supplied army of guerillas, or a South Viet- namese nationalist army of civilians? Terrorists, or patriots? The critics of present policy contended that the Viet Cong is a popular revolutionary group, composed of and led by native South Vietnamese. It was, they said, essentially nationalistic rather than communistic, and was supported by a large segment of the population. The war is therefore primarily a civil war, they argued, and American policy cannot come to grips with the Vietnamese problem until it recognizes that fact. Indeed, Prof. Hans Morgenthau, one of the critics who spoke at the teach-in, pointed out that up until last February the administration itself insisted that the war was primarily a civil war. Administration Reply Administration supporters, however, claimed that, whatever the Viet Cong may have been previously, it is now largely an arm of the North Vietnamese government, supplied both with foreign arms and men, and representing foreign communist rather than national goals. Furthermore, these supporters continued, the Viet Cong, is, as it has always been, largely a terrorist organiza- tion feared, or at best merely tolerated by the population. Arthur Schleshinger Jr., who defended administration policy Saturday, expressed his exasperation with those who do not agree with this when he remarked at the teach-in, "What some people do not seem able to recognize is that the Viet Cong is riot the Indochinese wing of the American Populist Party." Thus the administration, acting on this interpretation of the Policy Questioned At Local TeachIn By BRUCE WASSERSTEIN Besides the local hook-up for the national policy debate from Washington, the Ann Arbor teach-in Saturday featured a hard- hitting panel reacting to administration policies. The panelists included Prof. Andrew Collver of the sociology department as chairman, Prof. George Totten of Eastern Michigan University, Prof. Rhoades Murphy of the geography department and Todd Gitlin, of Students for a Democratic Society. Aside from speculating as to the reason for McGeorge Bundy's absence from the national debate, the panelists concerned them- ---_--_----- with questioning the gov- type of enemy it is fighting, has directed both military and diplomatic efforts at what it considers the motive force of the war-the Hanoi regime. However, Morgenthau, one of the administration's staunchest critics, remarked, "Even is a settlement is negotiated with North Viet Nam we will be left exactly where we started-with a civil war raging in South Viet Nam." A second major disagreement between the administration and its critics concerned the validity of the domino theory. Basically the domino theory hypothesizes that if South Viet Nam falls to the communists, then, by a similar process, the other in- dependent nations of Southeast Asia will fall one by one under Communist Chinese control. Dominoes-Disagreement Administration supporters cited the domino theory as the reason we must continue to fight on in Viet Nam. Critics either dismissed the domino theory as an outmoded simplification, or contended, as Walter Lippmann and Morgenthau did, that all of Southeast Asia -will inevitably come under the domination of China anyway according to the natural course of international power politics. Yet despite these differences, there was not as much dis- agreement over policy as many people had expected. Few critics advocated that the United States simply pack up and withdraw tomorrow (although administration supporters such as Schlesinger spent a good deal of time, some observers complained, explaining to' the critics why such action would be unfeasible). Instead, most of the critics argued for immediate negotiation and some sort of settlement which would result in the removal of American troops. Although some advocated neutralization of South Viet Nam along Titoist lines and others simply accepted the inevitability of a Communist takeover, most were silent on the question of what sort of settlement would or could result from negotiations. Administration supporters replied that negotiation was already administration policy, as exemplified by President Lyndon B. Johnson's oft-repeated offer of unconditional discussion. But, the critics charged, the administration was not pressing hard enough for negotiations and has put too many conditions on "unconditional discussion," particularly the refusal to deal directly with the Viet Cong. From the tenor of the entire debate, it was obvious that the critics themselves were not in agreement on precisely what alter- native policies to pursue, nor were they in agreement on their reasons for opposing present policy. Moralists and Realists There were two main ways that critics explained their stands: morally and politically. A significant portion of the critics, particularly in the evening seminars, opposed American policy for moral reasons. A few were pacifists, opposed to all use of force; more of them, however, thought that the United States had no business supporting an unrepresentative and corrupt government rather than what they saw as a popular revolution. Many thought it immoral that the United States should be involved at all in the internal affairs of another country. Joined with the moralists in opposition to present admin- istration policy were the realists, represented by Hans Morgenthau. The realists accused the administration of misinterpreting the objective situation, and relying too heavily on military rather than political means to achieve ill-defined goals. Some, such as Morgenthau, contended that vitory in a land war in Southeast Asia was impossible, that air attacks would likely bring China into the war, and that Chinese domination of the area was inevitable. PROF. HANS MORGENTHAU of the University of Chicago ad- dresses the audience at the Washington, D.C. teach-in held Saturday. This teach-in is a direct descendant of the original teach-in held on March 24 in Ann Arbor; the men who planned the first teach-in later spread the idea to other schools through the Ann Arbor organization. seventy-Four Years of Editorial Freedom 47latl VOL. LXXV, No. 10-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, MAY 18, 1965 SEVEN CENTS FOUR PAGES ROBERT BURROUGHS To Replace Computer With 360-6'7 By BARBARA SEYFRIED The "old" 7090 computer has seen its day. The University will replace the 7090, an electronic computer used here for more than three years, with the newer 360-67, recently leased from the International Business Machine Corp. The new computer will arrive in fall, 1966 and fall, 1967 in two shipments. The decision to replace the 7090 was made following a study con- ducted by the Computer Study Committee headed by Prof. Don- ald Katz of the engineering school. The study committee as- sessed .the needs of scientists at the University for a more sophis- ticated computing mechanism. On the basis of this study the 360-67 was leased. Since the University acquired the 7090, from three to four years a go, computer technology has been racing ahead. The University signed a lease for the 367-67 two days after the University had an- nounced its order for another model, the 360-66 and seven weeks after IGM had introduced 360-66 model. On Line-Real Time The 360-67 is an "on line-real time" computer, Burroughs said. One line means that data collected in an experiment goes right to the computer. The sensing machinery is attached to a console which sends data from an experiment to the computer and relays it back to the experimenter again, he said. Burroughs explained that by be- ing on "real time" the computer would be able to handle more than one experiment at a time, something the 7090 cannot do. Instantaneous The computer moves so fast, he ernment's attitude towards Com- munist China, the Viet Cong and revolution in general. Other Side According to Murphy, "Viet Nam is to China very much as the Dominican Republic is to the United States. ,Viet Nam belongs in the Chinese sphere of influence. -This is reality whether we like it or not. Our present policy is in- effective. It is not realistic. The time left to change that attitude is very slight." Murphy claimed, "the position that Viet Nam is essential to U.S. national security is awkward at best. We are too self consciously a great power, and it is this kind of nationalism that is causing most of the trouble in the world." Gitlin said that many of the administration's claims about the complexity of the Viet Nam prob- lem are an attempt to obscure the central issues." Totten said that the stereotype of Communist China as "an ex- panding colussus" is a fallacy. Chinese Position He said, "Historically China has had a special relationship with all of the countries of Southeast Asia. The Vietnamese are not will- ing to become part of China, and China, a unitary rather than a federal state, does not want to take over Viet Nam. "The Vietnamese Communist movement like that of China is indigenous. The Vietnamese Com- munists are powerful in their own right and do not depend, as yet, on China. We are not confronting China as the administration thinks," Toten asserted. Totten concluded, "President Lyndon B. Johnson calls for an unconditional discussion and in the next breath says we will not talk to the Viet Cong. The in- terests of the Viet Cong must be considered," Toten warned. ADLAI STEVENSON, right, U.S. permanent representative to the UN, spoke yesterday an at emer- gency session of the Security Council. The Security Council called for a cease-fire in the Domini- can crisis. Junta Rejects Coalition Plait SANTO DOMINGO (43) - The military-civilian junta's forces re- jected peace moves by President Lyndon B. Johnson's special en- voys and stabbed deeper into a rebel pocket in northern Santo Domingo last night. The junta turned down a re- ported U.S. plan for a coalition government, saying it would open a door to Communism. The junta 'threw tanks, fresh troops, mortars and field guns in- to a house-to-house battle aimed at mopping up rebel holdouts. The junta president, Brig. Gen. Antonio Imberta Barrera, turned down a plea to call off the of- fensive. Reminder Imberta said he had reminded Presidential Assistant McGeorge Bundy and the three other rank- ing U.S. envoys that a stated U.S. objective in the Dominican Re- public was to prevent the country from falling under Communist domination. Imberta contends any deal with the rebels would lead to Communist control. The junta's foreign minister, Horacia Viciosa, warned that un- less the rebels abandon their "ab- surd and unacceptable preten- sions" the junta will begin an all- out drive to end rebel resistance. The fighting flared again while rumors circulated that the United States was pressing for a coalition government under Antonio Guz- man, 54, former agriculture min- ister under exiled Ex-President Juan D. Bosch. Meeting? A rebel source meanwhile re- ported Bundy met in rebel ter- ritory during the day with mem- bers of Col. Francisco Caamano Deno's C"constitutional" govern- ment. Caamano, the rebels' pro- visional president, denied he had any contact with Bundy or any other U.S. envoys but added that a meeting was possible soon. Caamnano did: not dispute the junta's claims that its forces had advanced five or six blocks in bit- ter fighting in the northern su- burbs in 24 hours. He said the rebels had never set up permanent positions in this area.. Some 300 crack troops from the armed forces training center at San Isidro Air Base outside the city joined the battle. The White House mission was reported trying to persuade the junta to resign in favor of some other government that might be acceptable to the rebels. The Dominican civil war began April 24 in an attempt to restore Bosch to the presidency. The inter-American peace team sent by the Organization of Amer- ican States departed for Wash- ington to report on the backstage maneuvering. A spokesman said it would return in a day or two. High Level Mission Operating in extraordinary se- crecy, President Johnson sent the high level mission to the Domini- can Republic last weekend. Its probable three-fold objective: to enm the civil war, bring dissident elements into a provisional coali- tion government and keep Com- munists from gaining control. U.S. officials tried to keep the mission's presence in Santo Do- mingo a secret, and once the se- cret was out both the White House and the State Department re- mained tight-lipped about its pur- poses. This mission is composed of McGeorge Bundy, a Presidential Assistant on National Security Affairs: Thomas C. Mann, Under- secretary of State: Cyprus R. Vance, Undersecretary of Defense, and Jack H. Vaughn, Assistant Secretary of -State for Inter- American Affairs. They have been the President's chief advisers since the Dominican crisis erupted April 24. Legislature Acts on Bills For Colleges By W. REXFORD BENOIT Michigan legislators were de- luged by bills in the House and Senate yesterday as a'result of the race to beat last Friday's deadline for reporting bills out of commit- tee in the house of origin. The deluge included two scho- larship bills for higher education and a measure which would pro- vide further state funds for re- search at Michigan colleges and universities. In a night session which saw the Senate moving rapidly through a pile of appropriations bills, a scholarship bill was passed bring- ing $2 million to the coffers of the state scholarship fund. When the Senate adjourned at about midnight, it had also passed a separate recommendation of $2.8 million for planning future construction at Michigan's col- leges and universities under the centralized planning authority of the state's department of admin- istration. From this amount, the Univer- sity will receive funds for plan- ning construction of an architec- ture building, classroom and office buildings, a heating plant, general library, science building and a res- idential college in the Huron River area. The Senate also passed a rou- tine concurrent resolution approv- ing self-liquidating projects at all ten of the state's colleges and uni- versities. Atthe University, this includes Cedar Bend Housing Units I and II, Bursley Hall slated to be constructed on North Cam- pus as are the Cedar Bend units and the new fieldhouse. Higher education money and funds for capital outlay were the topics on the floor when the Sen- ate finally adjourned. Action is expected on these measures to- morrow. The Senate also received a bill callingfor $1 million to replen- ish a research fund initiated two years ago. State colleges and uni- versities can apply for portions of the fund to finance their indi- vidually planned research. The proposed $1 million amount is up from the $750,000 available at the program's inception in 11963. President Proposes Excise Tax Cut Bill WASHINGTON W-)-President Lyndon B. Johnson asked the United States Congress yesterday for a $4-billion excise-tax reduction, promised that "it will not be our last" tax cut, and called on industry for price cuts to match. His long-awaited message proposed two big bites of $1.75 billion each, the first on July 1 and the second next Jan. 1, followed by $464 million of smaller cuts in annual stages until 1970. PRESIDENT JOHNSON, above, yesterday cuts in excise taxes and pronised that this, tax cut. -Associated Press recommended large will not be the last The message, however, disap- pointed the auto industry. The car-makers had asked outright repeal of the 10 per cent levy, but Johnson said the cuts should stop when the tax reaches 5 per cent because: "It is an important source of federal revenues." The industry has 'served notice it will continue to press Congress for outright repeal on July 1. Rep. Martha Griffiths (D-Mich) an- nounced she will urge the Ways and Means Committee to adopt her pending bill to that effect. Even the partial relief recom- mended by Johnson seemed likely to keep the auto sales boom in high gear. The industry has prom- ised to pass any excise tax cuts on to consumers in full. When the bill passes, persons who bought cars last Saturday and thereafter will get refunds. There is no legal requirement, however, that any manufacturer or dealer must reduces prices. A prospering economy can af- ford what he hoped was business- boosting, job-creating cuts, John- son said, while still whittling $1 billion off next year's anticipated budget deficit. Brewster Gives Critique Of Viet Nam Discussions DETROIT (P) -- Some "teach-ins" protesting United States policy in Viet Nam are "on the same level as stuffing telephone booths," a collegian prank, Yale University President Kingman Brew- ster Jr. said yesterday here. Speaking to 400 members of the Yale Alumni Association at the group's annual dinner, Brewster, 45, said some of the demonstra- tions make "a ludicrous mockery of the democratic debating pro- cess." Motivated! He said, however, that other "teach-ins" were seriously moti- vated and offered constructive criticism. By ADA JO Analyze Tax Cut's Effect On Economy By RICHARD F. WHALEN Associated Press Staff Writer N E W Y O R K - Businessmen praised President Lyndon B. John- son's proposals for excise cuts yes- terday as a psychological boost for the economy. But consumers might find it dif- ficult to pinpoint savings on many of the products affected. The automakers, for example, have promised to pass on reduc- tions to the consumer if the ex- cise tax they pay is reduced. It's the dealer, however, who sets the price, which often involves a trade-in allowance and other fac- tors. Some businessmen indicated there might be other considera- tions affecting possible price changes. "Among the President's reasons for submitting the excise tax cut was to build up better profits for industry," said one businessman. "In an industry of this type (pens and pencils) it's impossible to pass it on to the consumer. "You have items that are a natural at $1 and not $1.10 so we have to pay it. Passage will give this type of industry cour- age to invest in modernization and plantnexpansion. We have al- ready started." The reductions would affect nearly all General Electric Com- panV's consumer nnruts. and a Celebrates Fifth Anniversary SOKOLOV "I have myself some critcism of government policy but I don't think withdrawal (from Viet Nam) is an acceptable solution unless it is part of a larger set- tlement," Brewster said. "I don't think anyone is in favor of un- conditional withdrawal and I don't think anyone is in favor of un- conditional escalation." The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee is currently celebrating its fifth anniversary, commemorating its foundation and the struggle for civil rights in which it has been a leader. An anniversary program featuring a speech from Rep. Weston Vivian (D-Mich) will highlight the week's celebration. It will be held on Sunday, May 23 at 8 p.m. at the Ann Arbor Community Center. Ann Arbor Friends of SNCC will also hold a panel discussion "rnnop.rno CST"', rr o1q ftor.ir.anribilcnnhxr at +1- iir~ realized that while direct action did serve to inject a feeling of1 hope into the Negro community, it was in a sense a superficial means of bringing about any real change; for the institutions which served to perpetuate white supremacy were yet to be attacked-education, employment and the vote," Miss Reymer said recently. "It was found by SNCC workers that it is in those communities where Negroes are kept from voting that suppression and control of all areas of Negro life is most severe," Miss Reymer added. In these areas, where Negroes 'comprise over' 40 per cent of the popu- lation, SNCC began to work on voter registration.