Seventy-Fift bYear EornED AND MANAGED BT STUDENTS OF THE UNIVES1TY OF MICHGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD TN CONTROL OF STuDENrT PusuCATIONS The UN-Faltering Yet ndispensable 0 9 Whereopinions Ae the.,420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. Truth wm PVai NEWs PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials Printed in The Michigan Daily ex press the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DNESDAY, JULY 28, 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT MOORE 'U ShouldAsk Meyerson To Replace Heyns NOW THAT Roger Heyns has definitely decided to leave the University to become chancellor of the Berkeley cam- pus, of the University of California, the problem of selecting a new vice-president for academic affairs becomes pressing. Although Dean Haber of the literary college maintains that there are plenty of people at the University capable of filling this position, there is no reason why a competent "outsider" should not be given the post. The naming of a distinguished educator to this high executive position a short time before President Hatcher retires should be looked on by the selections committee as a chance to groom a new rnan for the presidency. QNE OF THE most'notable personalities on the educational scene and a man who most certainly is available is the acting chancellor of Berkeley Martin Meyerson, Being a strong, overt liberal, Meyerson's Heyns' D No Gre APART FROM HUMAN interest value- the drama of a man who painted him- self into a corner--the sensation caused by Roger Heyns' departure is absurd. Unless he is replaced by someone who rattles the administration building's win-' dows every so often with a .truly radical idea, the choice of his successor means as little to the quality of education here as does the changing of the seasons. Pros- pects are dim. A status quo attitude is the prime requi- site for University vice-presidents. They are allowed small and infrequent tri- umphs, the victories of a politician. At least this has been the pattern. Now, the Regents have an opportunity to select a real mind. They can attract their "whiz kid" using the bait of the presidency. No one currently high-up in the administra- tion seems to be next in line for Presi- dent Hatcher's job when Hatcher retires in two years. Heyns has endearing qualities. Two years ago he elbowed Mississippi Gov. Ross Barnett to one side of the podium JUDITH WARREN .,........... Co-Editor ROBERT HIPPLER ..................Co-Editor EDWARD HERSTEIN.,............Sports Editor JUDITH FIELDS . ......... .Buiness Manager JEFFREY LEEDS ... Supplement Manager. Second class pstage pald at Ann Arbor Mira' Pubisahed daily Tuesday thr.,ugb saturdlay mo~rning educational philosophy has antagonized the conservative regents of the Univer- sity of California. A defender of freedom of speech for students, Meyerson was appointed acting chancellor of Berkeley after the policies of the then Chancellor Edward Strong provoked student demon- strations and riots. He has been strongly supported by faculty and students alike at his post at Berkeley, and has proved himself a capable academic adminis- trator. Because of the conflict of philosophy between Meyerson and regents such as Chairman Carter and oil interest repre- sentative Pauley, the University of Cali- fornia lost a good administrator. _BY HIRING Roger Heyns, California got another good man, but the leadership vacuum still exists at 'the University. This vacuum could be filled well by Martin Meyerson. -BRUCE WASSERSTEIN eparture: at Loss in Hill Auditorium when the audience be- came unruly and won our hearts by push- ing a little harder than was necessary. BUT NOT ONCE did he formulate any plan out of the ordinary in the con- text of general University policy.' For a man touted as the successor to the University presidency, he did little- content to act the part of the stolid enactor of decisions made elsewhere and nurtured in different minds. His tenure as vice-president bears no mark of an original mind. In short, he was President Hatcher's boy all the way. CALIFORNIA will probably be pleased with Heyns. They discarded a more in- tellectual and liberal man than Heyns in Acting Chancellor Martin Meyerson. Finally there was the comedy of Heyns' decision to leave. When his father leaked confirmation of Berkeley's offer, high echelon Univer- sity officials reportedly put the deep . freeze on Heyns. He became persona non gratis since no one likes an administra- tor who is pondering whether his respon- sibilities are worthy of his talents. rTHUS HEYNS' DECISION was actually made for him. He couldn't have func- tioned at all in the climate which had suddenly grown very cold to his presence. -W. REXFORD BENOIT By SHREESH JUYAL First of Three Articles ON ITS twentieth anniversary, the United Nations is con- fronted with the contradictions of its own existence today., The 16th Assembly Session named 1965 the "year for Inter- national Cooperation," expressing the deep conviction that "wider and more intensive international cooperation provides one of the most effective means of dispersing international tensions." It is believed that the world would be well served "both by an Increasing awareness of the exist- ing level of international coopera- tion" and by a marked increase in projects in diverse fields which are jointly udertaken on an in- ternational level. IT WAS HOPED that 1965 would be a promising year of en- thusiastic advance toward peace and international cooperation. Yet, unfortunately, the UN in 1965 faces grave threats to its own life. Though characterized as "man's last hope," the UN is in a crisis and the performance of the General Assembly, which adjourn- ed on February 18 until Septem- ber without transacting any sub- stantive decisions on any subject apart from a few decisions of a routine nature, has given rise to the question of whether or not it will survive. The main issue of deadlock has been the question of financing of UN peace-keeping operations. This abortive session was also marked by the withdrawal of Indonesia, the first country to leave the UN. CHINA wholeheartedly welcom- ed the withdrawal and called the Indonesian action "just, correct and revolutionary." Though China itself in the past clamoured to get admission into the UN, it de- nounced it and called for the setting up of a revolutionary rival united nations, Another desperate weakness of the UN was mirrored in its in- ability to stop war in Southeast Asia. Observers have noted with concern a decline in the prestige of the UN which has consequently, stimulated tension and antagon- ism. Students the world over who look to the UN as the one great hope for the future must review these developments with all ser- iousness and deep concern. HOWEVER, it is sincerely hop- ed that the present paralysis of the UN will be a temporary phase and that it will be able to face the challenges successfully, though its original charter may need a re- vision, as it is felt today, in order to keep it in step with the chang- ing world situation and circum- stances. Seemingly the tussle over peace- keeping operations of the UN has brought the 19th session of the General Assembly to an abortive adjournment and according to some, the organization has come close to collapse. However, this is not a well- assessed assumption, thoughnthe crisis itself is not a simple one. ANOTHER REASON for the crisis is that some nations, having seen and participated in the UN since its birth 20 years ago, have only an ambiguous picture and vague conceptions about it. Some are skeptical about its utility since it has not seemed to have any realtpurposeto them for the last 20 years. THE UN WAS created as a r- sult of the nations' earnest desire to avoid the horrors of war, and a sincere desire to create the peaceful atmosphere of an inter- national family-for they did not want to again be thrown back to the dreadful experience of war. These nations felt that the UN has not come up to its aspirations -to their expectations, This.pessimistic conclusion may seem Justified, for' the UN has probably not prevented any war. But the organization has felt it- self limited and sometimes handi- capped by the attitude of member nations. Consequently, it has not achieved its own expectations. Yet one cannot underestimate the service performed by the UN in the cause of world peace and progress. In fact, the nations fac- -ed with the threat of nuclear de- struction have seen a vital interest in the international organization, which is capable of making ef- fective the interests they have in common. The last 20 years speak of the UN's ability to deal with such issues with creditable suc- cess. THE INDEPENDENT state of Indonesia came into being in 1949 with the help of the Good Offices Committee of the UN, which end- ed the long hostilities between In- donesians and their colonizers. During the same period, the hostilities between the Arabs and the Israelis was stopped by the UN and its observers are still maintaining the peace on the bor- ders. .v..~. - - - -4nen ,,.-,-, tinued to be one of the hottest spots of the world. IN ADDITION, the fact that the territory of the Congo (Leo- poldville) has not been split into secessionist states and its rescue from a widening civil war owes most creditably to the UN, whose 20,000 troops drawn from 21 coun- tries fought for the preservation of the independence of the state after it became free from Belgian colonialism in 1960. These operations continued un- til June 1964 when financial dif- ficulties compelled a wind-up. Another war was stopped in Cyprus where the UN stands as a buffer between the Greeks and Turks. UN withdrawal from any of these places could witness re- sunmption of hostilities and butch- ering of innocent inhabitants. For instance, as soon as the UN force had to leave the Congo, the fight- ing broke out again. THE PRESENCE of UN police or observers also provides the opportunity for hostile nations to ponder the proposals for peace and settlement of issues and some- times, a suggestion by a third party, neutrals or the UN Secre- tary General, may be acceptable to both parties, because of its genesis, from a neutral source. Even in direct confrontation be- tween hostile powers, the UN may at least provide a face-saving service (1962-Cuban crisis) and help conflicting states to come out without losing much. The UN has also become the convenient means of contact among over a hundred countries. Many small nations, which cannot afford the expenses of maintain- ing their missions in various capi- tals, use their representatives in the' UN for maintaining inter- national relationships and diplo- matic contacts. Apart from this; the UN has provided opportunities for diplo- matic negotiations. The question of the Berlin Blockade in 1948- 1949 was settled through this process. It is significantly valu- able in promoting diplomatic un- derstanding between hostile na- tions.- THE QUESTION of banning all nuclear tests and armaments en- gagedtthe serious attention of the 17-nation Disarmament Commis- sion of the Security Council and after a 16-month sitting, the coin- mission succeeded in producing the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by the United States, the Russia, and Great Britain on August 5, 1963. This treaty-which bans all nu- clear tests except those held un- derground-came into force on October 10, 1963, when over 100 nations followed the three signa- tories in adherence. This has been one of the fnost outstanding achievements in this -Associated Press DESPITE PROBLEMS WHICH THREATEN ITS EXISTENCE, the United Nations offers such indis- pensable services as the World Health Organization, World Bank tional, Social and Cultural Organization. field (though some countries, in- cluding China and France, did not take a favorable attitude), and the first concrete step toward limiting the nuclear armament race and thus promoting world peace and a sense of security to nations threatened by nuclear armaments. THE SPECIALIZED and other agencies of the UN are other im- portant arms of the organization devoted to extremely - useful (though it may seem unspectacu- lar) work in economic and social fields; some of these are the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization, the International Labor Organization, World Health Organization, and Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion. Most of these agencies have in- volved themselves in assistance work in the "third world." The creation of the United Na- tions Organization in the Congo was also equally significant, though less spectacular. The World Bank and the International De- velopment Association are provid- ing assistance in financing the development, of less developed. areas and also the re-building of. war-devastated areas. THE UN is also trying to solve the problem of population growth and is helping over-populated na- tions by technical assistance in their efforts to solve population problems involved in economic and social development. At present, a five-man commis- sion is advising the government of India on a long-range program of action and research while con- centrating primaryattention on immediate steps in family plan- ning, birth control and Popula- tion check. The United Nations Population Commission, decentral- ized in regional commissions, has assumed increasing responsibili- ties for regional and technical as- sistance projects as well as re- search and technical work in the demographic field in Africa, Asia, the Far East and Latin America. This versatile range of inter- national agencies, surveying re- sources, distributing food, assist- ing agricultural improvement, car- ing for needy children, controlling disease and training technicians, is of immense value and has in- deed done most appreciable work to improve the lot of needy so- cieties all over the globe. UNDOUBTEDLY, the UN has rendered considerable service, though it has experienced des- and the United Nations Educa- perate weakness. Since December 1963, it has, however, been plung- ed into deeper and deeper trouble. The General Assembly adjourned on February 18 until next Septem- ber without doing any substantial business. The recent UN setbacks are causing profound uneasiness. In the words of Secretary Gen- eral U Thant, "We are witnessing a definite reversala of the slow progress the UN has made toward stability and world peace. A fur- ther drift in this direction, if not arrested in time, will mark the closing of a chapter of great ex- pectations and heralding of a new chapter in which the world or- ganization will provide merely a debating forum, and nothing else." WHETHER THEN, the organi- zation can be revitalized depends on the outcome of the negotia- tions about the UN's whole peace- keeping function that are now proceeding among the members of the new special committee. Many observers now predict that some solution will come out of these proceedings providing for a return of UN functioning as be- fore. TOMORROW:The legal tech- nicalities involved in the finan- cial crisis whichi threatens the life of the United Nations. 40 v1 vi .r' t ; ' Y _ 4 _ } 1 .. _. ,, .r. t . _._ Y-... < , . v MORE AMERICANS ARE reading non-fiction, poetry sells poorly, and serious drama fails on Broadway. These are symptoms of the current literary trends. Meanwhile, more Americans are watching television. Universities must take a more realistic look at literature and offer courses in contemporary authors and the mass media. Literature Needs Modern Media Courses 4 By ROBERT MOORE Second of a Series BOOKS OF poetry gather dust on; dealers' bookshelves, nov- els are outsold by non-fiction, serious plays close down faster - than Edsel distributorships and all the while, the television tube glows with its blue lights 6 hours and 48 minutes every day in 48.9- million homes. What is happening? And what should be happening in response to it? It would be easy to merely point out the change and call for some drastic revision in our present educational and literary institu- tions. Yet, certainly it is wiser to combine the best of the old with the new; this must be the pri- mary concern in this question of literature too - to combine the sensitivities and dedication of the past with new media. OF THE THREE groups in- volved in literature - the writers, the readers, and the teachers of both - only the writers and tea- of modern literature. And for lit- erature in general, emphasis is placed upon the history of litera- ture-including some of the duller and less relevant authors of his- tory. In a praiseworthy effort to avoid fads and mediocre modern authors, some teachers of modern literature go to the other extreme and avoid recent, important au- thors. Few teachers use works more modern than ten or fif- teen years ago-recent in terms of 4000 years of literature, but old in more personal, contemporary terms. OFTEN WRITERS themselves ignore the changes in attitudes toward literature, even though they -- the people who have some- thing to say - should be the ones most concerned with them. Both in what some of them write - -highly personal, involuted, at worst incomprehensible and unmoving- and in what they choose to write -the- less self-disciplined, some- times less popular forms of poetry and short fiction-they often ig- nore the fact that communication could gain a critical understand- ing of modern literature-televi- sion, non-fiction, movies, advertis- ing, comic strips, song lyrics-in- stead of an understanding of lit- erature that stops dead at 1950. A MODERN MEDIA course would study, one at a time, all the fields of modern writing; for example, advertising, to take the worst of the possible fields. Study would center on finding out why advertising writing is like it is, why it changes.Is beautiful adver- tising writing possible? Does it ever reflect some of the basic is- sues of the moment? Fields like television and com- ic strips could be studied much the same way as we study Joyce or Dickens, except perhaps with a different slant: instead of ask- ing why so good, why so bad? It takes just as much critical abil- ity to really understand and ana- lyze a bad television series as it does to praise Joyce. Does "Peanuts" express the hu- man condition? Is "beautiful" THE STUDY of English at a school like this seems to be geared to producing teachers, to turn- ing out a class knowing more about everyone who ever wrote than the last one, hence, add- ing to the sum total of research and knowledge. Yet many students who enter the field are not concerned with old writers or academic studies. The English curriculum is the largest academic field in terms of de- grees awarded, annually awarding 35,300 degrees, and ranking only behind business and education. The English degree-since it en- compasses the language, the most essential ingredient of every en- deavor-should be a far more "philosophical" degree than it is. The English major should be able to talk with authority to the his- torian, the political scientist, the economist, and sociologist. As it is now, many English majors-16th to 18th centuries-have a tough time talking with any other than other English majors - 16th to 18th centuries. t I \ -1