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UNDERSTANDING NEEDED:
Soviet Union-Intellectual Ferment

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

DAY, JUNE 19, 1965

NIGHT EDITOR: BARBARA SEYFRIED

_____

Evaluating Some Proposals
For The Residential College

[HE RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE Faculty
Planning Committee is discussing new
leas with the intensity, dedication and
are which most administrators reserve
or old ideas.
Several of the new ideas being consid-
red deserve discussion and comment by
;udents, because, if passed, they will af-
ect student lives more than any other
lucational move here in the last three
ecades.
Among the ideas being discussed are:
" A THREE YEAR DEGREE PRO-
-RAM. Underthis program, students at
ie residential college would graduate in
aree years by going two and a half
erms each year.
The idea of a four-year degree program
egan. centuries ago when, with little re-
ard to educational needs, rich English
ristocrats decided that four years would
e .a fitting period for a student to get
way from his manor and into a gentle-
ianly education.
Yet nowadays, change to a three-year
Ailege program as a general schedule
ould hurt the student financially and in
very broad sense-educationally.
LTHOUGH it can be argued that the
$1800 a student earns during three
immers is chicken feed compared to the
6000 he may earn his first year in reg-
Lar occupation, it happens more often
iat students want the independence, or
eed the support, of a full summer's
arnings for the next school year.
The cut from four months' summer
ork to two months' would not only halve
fe pay, but cut down the student's
iances of getting ajob.
Yet my most serious objection involves
ot figures, but feelings.
Most students need the summer ,to wig-
e their intellectual toes in wet sand, to
ork with mpen who don't accept excuses,
get perspective on their plans, to en-
y themselves, to read-to be educated.
Although these thoughts may seem to
e just kicking the dead horse of Trimes-
r, there is anessential difference in=this
ise: the Residential College could decide
plan its programs around the basis
the three-year program, instead of
fering it as a more-or-less optional
Zing as it is now. This would be a mis-
ike.
" NEW GRADING SYSTEMS. Two al-
rnatives are mentioned for grading: no
ore present-style grades at all, or "high
ass, pass, fail" grades instead of letter-
rades.,

Flexible grading systems like these are
Utopian; like most Utopian ideas, they
depend to some degree on the existence
of Utopian people.
Yet there is a little of the Utopian in
all of us, and the idea could work; could,
in fact, make education individual and
satisfying as it ought to be.
A DIFFERENT grading system should
have instead brief assessments by
teachers and by the students themselves,
made at various times in the semester
and kept on permanent file.
But the new grading systems could still
become extremely abused, leading to "ace
courses," easy courses that lead to a full
social calendar but empty pocketbooks.
For this reason, the flexibility of grading
should be varied for differen't courses,
becoming more flexible for later courses
or for more interesting courses.
There is great promise in the Resi-
dential College grading alternatives - a
promise of education and independence.
O COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS.
Students would take exams either at the
end of a semester-course, the end of the
year, or the end of subject study. The
exams would cover total knowledge in a
field.
Three out of four students-including
MOORE ROBERT CHARL-6659793 - at
this University get through their classes
mostly by last-minute cramming, all-
nighters and Study Outlines. Some daily
work is involved, but the human mind is
capable of remembering things at a kind
of secondigear: knowledge after 15 hours,
ignorance after 15 days.
Comprehensive examinations would foil
this practice and salvage the meaningful
education that most students want but
don't give themselves.
"COMPREHENSIVES" are back-breaking
and painful-ask any law student.
But a flexible grading system would re-
move much of the mental pressure; re-
ceiving a personal assessment upon your
mastery of a whole subject may in fact
be fun as opposed to the shallow grief,
joy, or resignation of getting a letter
grade on your mastery of pp. 145-561 of a
grey-covered textbook.
The Residential College Faculty Plan-
ning Committee is doing some of the
most advanced planning in the Univer-
sity. The issues it raises deserve public
attention and comment, and the mere
fact that it is raising those issues deserves.
public praise.
-ROBERT MOORE

By LEONARD PRATT
LAST TUESDAY, leading mem-
bers of Russia's intellegentsia
met at Moscow University's Peda-
gogical Institute to criticize Ev-
genia I' Popova's new book, "The
U.S. and the Washington System."
Their reaction to the book pro-
vides an excellent indicator of im-
portant changes in the Soviet in-
tellectual climate.
For their reaction was all but
unanimously favorable to ideas
which, not long ago at all, would
have been damned as ideological
heresies. Miss Popova's "heresies"=
reportedly centered on three here-
tofore unquestionable Communist
tenets.
HER FIRST attack on Russia's
"conventional wisdom" centered
on what she termed the "too sche-
matic and oversimplified" con-
cept of Wall Street's relation to
the United States government.
"The view that the American gov-
ernment is thq servant of Wall
Street monopolists in many re-
spects hampers an understanding
of the important role of public
opinion in the United States," she
said.
There have certainly been many
signs that this view of the United
States government has gained
widespread acceptance in many
governmental circles, especially
since Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chev's visit to this country. But
for a scholar-especially a mem-
ber of the Communist party, which
Miss Popova is-to publicly con-
tradict Russia's favorite party
line and be openly praised for her
work is a departure from custom
of the first rank.
Miss Popova also attacked a
second Soviet concept which she
felt untrue-"the concept of life
in the United States." "I feel it
is not accurate to break American
society into two groups-the great
mass of workers and the monopo-,
lists."
She pictured rather "a great
middle stratum" including profes-
sional people as well as skilled.
laborers.
"WITHOUT an understanding
of this middle grouping and its

influence of public opinion one
meets difficulties in any attempts
at understanding American poli-
tical realities." she commented.
It is clear that in the search for
a political understanding of
America, Miss Popova has found
a fairly accurate picture of Amer-
ica today the easiest to believe of
the several alternatives available
to her.
But ideas do not spring uncul-
tivated from hostile ground; they
must first have adequate accep-
tance and preparation, and this
fact coupled with Miss Popova's
conclusions confirms earlier opin-
ions about the great changes that
were supposed to be taking place
in Russian intellectual circles.
MISS POPOVA'S sources were
a third source of surprise. Not
only had she read from standard
Soviet scholarly sources, but she
had also read deeply in foreign
newspapers from the time con-
cerning her book as well as dip-
lomatic correspondence from Es-
tonia. later taken over by Russia.
The opening of these scholarly
sources to Russian intellectuals
can be regarded as little less than
the Russian government's willing-
ness to concede much greater de-
grees of intellectual freedom than
it has in the past.
These changes are certainly not
simply a part of the changes
wrought by the post-Khrushchev
government.They reach much
deeper than that.
THAT THIS is so is illustrated
by recent events in Russia's re-
luctant satellite, Yugoslavia. Mi-
hailo Mihajlov, a young professor,
recently attracted a great deal of
attention when a Belgrade mag-
azine published his conclusions
following a journey in Russia last
summer.
Basically, Mihajlov concluded
that "a third revolution' is being
created in Russia, a revolution
based on a more democratic intel-
lectual approach to all aspects of
social life. "The Soviet Union,"
Mihajlov asserts, "is on the
threshold of grandiose changes."
Mihajlov is not the only recent

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perity brings with it rising in-
tellectual horizons.
REMOVE a group of men a
generation or two from hard labor
and they will begin to react crea-
tively to their society. The maxim
is just as true of Communist na-
tions as it is of Western countries.
MORE
And second, the outbursts are
more than just reports to the
West on how the changes are
coming along. They are in fact
the. changes themselves taking
place. Popova, Mihajlov and Dji-
las are more than products of
their society and commentators
on it; they are the creators of
their society.
What they foretell will take
place because they see themselves
preparing for it. Indeed, the very
fact that they are allowed the
expression of their beliefs is suf-
ficient testimony to the truth of
the changes that they report.
INTELLECTUAL changes are
very often the harbinger of social
and political changes to come. In
this case, the changes, in their
preliminary forms, are already up-
on us.
There are too many people and
governments whose opinion of the
Soviet bloc is governed by atti-
tudes which do not obtain given
the changes illustrated above.
President Lyndon B. Johnson's
policies of the beginnings of an
understanding with Russia are
thus commendable from both a
personal and a diplomatic stand-
point; they should be extended.
But even more than the con-
tacts of governments, what is
needed is the contact of intel-
lectuals of the two countries. To-
day we have the beginnings of
what may be at the least an area
of concensus between the world's
two great rival powers.
IT IS DOUBTFUL if anything
could promote such an under-
standing faster than meaningful
contact between the intelligencia
of the two nations. All should
realize its importance, and as
many as possible should partici-
pate in it.


Yugoslav rebel. Milovan Djilas,
formerly a high government of-
ficial, also caused quite a stir with
his attempts to foment political
reform along more democratic
lines. He lashed out at what he
termed the "new class" of Yugo-
slav bureaucrats, those living off
the system.
IN A SENSE, Mihajlov and
Djilas are rather poor examples:
both are curently in prison for
embarrassing Yugoslav President
Tito.,
But it must be realized that
their imprisonment was more an

act of political expediency than
of social repression. Tito is cur-
rently attempting to expand his
previously cool relations with Rus-
sia, and he simply does not want
anyone rocking the boat. More-
over, Mihajlov's sentence was
nine months; this token punish-
ment is certainly not the act of a
society that wishes to significantly
comment on the offender's act.
These outbursts of intellectual
restiveness in what was previously
an intellectual desert are impor-
tant comments on several trends.
In the first place they illustrate
that, as in the West, rising pros-



t

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Debate Continues over Uni on Teach-In

Thoughts on The Fee Hike

ONE DOWN and one more to go.
In addition to the ' dorm fees which
were hiked by $50 yesterday, there are
strong indications that there will also
be a tuition increase.
This is because despite the probable
record high Lansing appropriation of $51.2
million to the University this year, vari-
ous deans and department heads are
wondering about how tight they can run
their ships and still remain academically
afloat.
These people feel that in order for the
University to keep up with the brisk pace
of rising faculty salaries and new equip-
ment more money is needed than the
Legislature is giving. Thus a tuition hike
is in the offing.
Nevertheless the financial burden of the
students is becoming increasingly cum-
bersome. Dorm fees have risen by 10
per cent in the last two years and a tui-
tion hike may break many a camel's back.
* * *
THE OBVIOUS EFFECT of the dorm
fee hike is that 7000 students will be
paying $50 a year more to attend the Uni-
versity.
What is ironic is that even though they
will be paying more the dorm residents
will be living in quarters even more
cramped than last year's.
Memories of sleeping in the top floor
study of South Quadrangle and with an-
other roommate in a converted small sin-

year for a long time.
The earliest hints were given last win-
ter when John Eadie, Interquadrangle
Council president, announced that stu-
dents should watch out for a hike.
When confronted with questions relat-
ing to dorm fees from that point on, ad-
ministrators would bat their eyelashes
and tell students that they had no com-
ment but they would not rule out the
possibility.
Then at the April Regents meeting, an
announcement was made that student
wages would be raised to a minimum $1.25,
per hour. Guess from where the money
was intended to come?
ONE ALWAYS GETS the feeling when
learning about the financing of the
dorms that they are somehow misman-
aged. For what the student gets, he is
being overcharged.
Assuming that the men involved in
running the show are competent, the pos-
sibilities of losing a few house mothers
and advisors here and there, and cutting
down on such extravagances as served
food in various girl's dorms come into
mind as ways to cut costs.
The question of tuition hikes is another
matter entirely than the question of dorm
hikes. The amount of money which the
University must charge its students is
determined in large measure by the Leg-
islature's budget,

To the Editor:
THE BEST WAY to demonstrate
how unforgivable, disgusting,
diabolical, despicable andtdown-
right nasty the actions of the Viet
Nam crowd were last Tuesday is
to compare them with those of the
Astronaut crowd.
In the first place, the Astronaut
crowd was celebrating a remark-
able and unusual event-a non-
violent and peaceful mission by
two members of the United States
Armed Forces.
The Viet Nammers, on the other
hand, were talking war-talk, and
the end of one at that.
ALSO, the Viet Nam butt-in
most assuredly was done because
those people thought that they
could use the situation for their
own political schemings.
One might say the Astronaut
Welcome had political overtones to
it due to the presence of President
Hatcher and Governor Romney.
One must remember, however,
that these men had to be there-
after all, they planned it.
It took an indeterminate amount
or rudeness on the part of the
Viet Nammers, in the midst of
celebration for one of America's
greatest achievements, to bring up
the Viet Nam problem.
It isn't that often that the
people of Ann Arbor and of Mich-
igantruly have something to be
proud of for someone to go and
spoil it.
AND WHY did they have to do
it on Tuesday, anyway? The war's
not going to disappear. It'll be
here next week, next month, next
year. They can talk about it then!
-Steve Doehrman, '65
Badanes Replies
To the Editor:
MANY CRITICS of the recent
teach-in seem especially un-
happy over one point: Why Tues-
day-the day that Ann Arbor was
honoring its two space men?
We did it precisely because what
is happening in Viet Nam, because
what is happening in the Domini-
can Republic, because the possi-
bility of a land war in Asia, of
war with China, of nuclear war,
is connected to our exploits in
space, to maybe what Col. McDiv-
itt and Col. White saw up in
space, and, moreso, to the celebra-
tion held here Tuesday.

shaky, small planet below them.
IN FACT, let's take Col. McDiv-
itt's and Col. White's word for it,
that it was a pure and a beauti-
ful experience.
How was it Col. McDivitt and
Col. White when you passed over
Russia, when you passed over
China. Did it seem like enemy
territory down there, did it look
different, did it seem possibly
like places we should destroy?
And when you passed over Ala-
bama, over Mississippi, did you'
ponder for a moment why there is
such ignorance, such bigotry, such
hatred, on our planet?
And when you passed over the
Dominican Republic, over Viet
Nam, did you think of what we
are doing there?
DID YOU remember that in
Viet Nam less powerful and lower
flying spacecraft than your own
are dropping napalm jelly on your
fellow humans, less powerful and
lower flying spacecraft than your
own are dropping bombs on vil-
lages?
And did you pause to think that
what the Viet Cong fighters are
doing is similar to what you are
doing-questing for space, space
in which to grow, space in which
to be free, space in which to live
a life?
Did you Col. McDivitt and Col.
White feel these things up there
in your spaceship, did you feel the
absurdity and the horror of what
men do to each other on this
planet?
TRAVELLING a r o u n d this
planet, up above us, did you feel
connected to us all, did you feel
connected to everyone alive, in-
cluding Chinese and Russians,
Vietnamese and Dominicans, black
and white and yellow?
If you didn't feel these things
then your journey was a waste,
then we are all failures, and the
celebration Tuesday was empty
and phony.
If you did, however, feel these
things then isn't your job now to
tell us so, shouldn't you tell us
how your lives have been utterly
changed, so that our lives may be
changed, so that we may all see
the absurdity of bigotry and the
horror of what w ara doing in
Viet Nam and in the Dominican
Republic.
SHOULDN'T your message to
us really be that instead of spend-
ing so much of our mloney and
energy leaping for the moon just
now, we should first use our

villages, their forests, their crops.
If Col. McDivitt and Col. White
have seen what they say they
have seen, have felt whatwe hope
they have felt, then they should
have been telling us that the space
race is immoral and that celebra-
tions of such feats are callous and
mean so long as there is still
starvation and bigotry and murder
and even one bridge to be rebuilt
down here on our planet.
-Jerome Badanes, '63
-William Livant
Mental Health
Research Institute
A Defense
To the Editor:
HAVING READ three letters to
the editor (June 17), I feel
compelled to submit a defense of
the teach-in held Tuesday June
15, in front of the Union.
The main criticism held in each
of the letters concerned the tim-
ing of the teach-in. The timing
was, indeed, a crucial factor in
the teach-in, but I do not feel
that the submitter of any one of
the three letters wholly under-
stood why this particular time and
place was chosen for the teach-in.
Granted, it was an intrusion on
those who came specifically to see
the astronauts, but I must add,
the steps of the Union were clear-
ed so that those who came to see
Mr. McDivitt and Mr. White were
able to get another look at them
as they left the Union. Not to
mention other numerous oppor-
tunities during the day.
AGAIN, the timing was a cru-
cial factor in the teach-in. Those
who participated were deplored at
the use of vast amounts of money
to further our exploration and
conquest of space when the lives
of so many on this planet know
nothing but the scars of economic
deprivation.
Those of us who agreed with the
timing of the teach-in only want-
ed to have others stop and think
of their "space heroes" and re-
evaluate the space flight in re-
lation to the total perspective of
the world events as they are ,to-
day. In what other way could
these people be reached?
It is just too bad that the
majority of them were so pre-
occupied with missing one out of
several chances to see the astro-
nauts that they were unwilling to
listen objectively to what was be-
ing said.
IN RPLV t. t. h ,pt.Aam.,t in

to attempt to drown out those of
the speakers rather than submit
any constructive arguments or ask
any rational questions.
And certainly, if Mr. McDivitt
and Mr. White are indeed con-
scientious= American citizens, they,
too, must be concerned about
present events on this planet and
understand the concern of those
who felt that day that too much
attention was given to our feats
in space while the events on the
planet they circled were being
ignored by so many.
OF THE STATEMENT made by
Ken Morris: "Whether preventing
a little child from seeing or re-
seeing his beloved astronaut ..."
and of giving the child an "un-
pleasant first impression of the
peace movement," I must make
two comments. First, granted, a
child needs others older than him-
self to look to, but not as beloved
heroes.
Rather, he should be taught to
understand that they are other
human beings who have performed
a courageous task-not demi-gods.
And no child who is old enough
to realize what it was he came to
see on Tuesday, is too young to
realize, in some sense, that in
this world around which the as-
tronauts have flown that there is
fighting, hatred ...
Second, it was those who ve-

hemently and rudely objected who
were responsible for instilling "un-
pleasant first impressions of the
peace movement," rather than
those who initiated the teach-in.
IT STRIKES ME as a great ex-
perience for a child to be able to
observe a situation where people
are able to, voice their opinions in
an orderly fashion, but the tragedy
of this situation was that . too
many adults who disagreed with
the on-going teach-in could not
wait their turn to speak and even
tried to prevent others from hear-
ing by shouting out their com-
ments when someone was speak-
ing.
Thus, I propose that those who
objected to the teach-in re-
examine the achievements 'of the
astronauts in' perspective of all
contemporary issues today and de-
cide who really was responsible
for the unpleasantries of the situ-
ation-those who came to hear
and learn or those who insisted
on interrupting to voice their dis-
content.
And all who stayed were still able
to get one more look at Mr. Mc-
Divitt and Mr. White as they left
the Union.
IT IS just too bad that more
people were not able to listen,
think and learn while they waited.
-Mary Conger, '64

*'.
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'YELLOW ROLLS-ROYCE':
Yugos lay Partisans
G et A L ittle T iringtteMcia har
At the Michigan Theatre
STUDENTS: REJOICE! Hollywood has finally sanctioned love in the
back seat. Now you can see Shirley MacLame and Alain Delon, or
Ingrid Bergman and Omar Sharif, if you prefer, pull down the window
blinds of "The Yellow Rolls-Royce."
Unfortunately, this new boost of the mobile bedroom is the only
innovation of the film. Textbook plots and Technicolor backdrops
make up the rest of the evening's entertainment. Connecting three
tenuous plots and locales with one theme song and an attractive car
just doesn't get two hour's mileage.
IT'S A SHAME, because the actors are fine. Rex Harrison and
Jeanne Moreau are admirably matched in the first sequence, and al-
most make the tired script stand up. But who can believe the grief of
an elegant and handsome British minister of state when his wife takes
up with His Lordship's secretary? Especially at Ascot (a scene which
must make Rex Harrison somewhat weary after a decade of "My Fair
Lady"), when his horse wins the race?
Shirley MacLaine acts surprisingly well as the gun moll of George

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