TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1966

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

PAGE THREE

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Rhodesia

Breaks

Treaty; Cavanagh Calls for 'Rebirth of
City,' End to Viet War Spending

Wilson Requests
Pact TermsIr'. 1

LAS VEGAS, Nev. (A')-Detroit
Mayor Jerome P. Cavanagh called
yesterday for a national commit-
ment "for the rebirth of the

Made- Known
By Ian Smith
yN
Control of Armed
Forces by Britain
Rejected in Salisbury
SALISBURY, Rhodesia - Rho-
desia's white government yester-
day night scorned the British-
approved pact for ending the Rho-
desian crisis.
Revealing for the first time that
the pact called for British control
of the Rhodesian armed forces,
Prime Minister Ian Smith an-
nounced the rejection to 1,800
cheering Rhodesians and vowed:
"The fight goes on."
The decision hit London as
Prime Minister Harold Wilson's
government was holding talks with
Commonwealth high commission-
ers on the next step in the dis-
pute-requesting the United Na-
tions to impose mandatory trade
sanctions on Rhodesia.
Signed Saturday
The conditional agreement on
the future of this breakaway white
minority colony was signed by
Wilson and Smith aboard the
British cruiser Tiger off Gibraltar
around midnight Saturday.
Security Council members said
the Council would meet at 10:30
a.m. Thursday to take up the
Rhodesian question.
Wilson hurried back to London
and won Cabinet approval of the
pact Sunday, clearly with the idea
of putting the onus on Rhodesia
for any rejection. Wilson made
clear at the time he wanted a
prompt yes or no from Salisbury.
Smith Impatient
The Rhodesian Cabinet met all
morning, and at a luncheon break
-with the British noon deadline
at hand-Smith radioed London
there was no agreement. Back
from Wilson came word that
Smith could have more time but
that a decision was awaited with-
in an hour of two.
But even this dealine passed as
the Cabinet, meeting in Smith's
office, discussed the pact that
Britain hoped would end 13
months o rebellion. Smith de-
clared Rhodesia independent one
year ago last Nov. 11 rather than
bow to British demands for ulti-
mate rule by the now-voteless
>black majority.
Control of Army
Smith declared the British pro-
posals, "under the heading of a
return to legality, are repugnant
to the Rhodesian government."
He said the British wanted con-
trol of the armed forces and police
to be turned over to Sir Humphrey
Gibbs, the British governor of the
colony. Smith refused to recognize
Gibbs after the declaration of in-
dependence.
Furthermore, Smith continued,
the governor would be given power
?4 to appoint Cabinet ministers, in-
cluding no less than five from out-
side the government's Rhodesian
front party "and no less than two
of whom must be Africans."
Parliament Dissolved
Another point was that the
Rhodesian Parliament would be
disloved and the legislative powers
would be invested in Gibbs, Smith
said.
"These proposals involved de-
partures of a major nature from
the accepted principles of parlia-
mentary government which have
existed in this country for 43
years," Smith said.
"The Rhodesian government is,
of course, anxious to remove the
differences which have existed
over the past year between Rho-
desia and Britain with all the con-

sequential difficulties caused to
both governments.
Won't Surrender
"Nevertheless, the Rhodesian
government cannot be expected to
yield such fundamental principles,
and in a manner which amounts
to surrender and submission of
power."
The Wilson-Smith understand-
ing set out series of actions to be
taken-first, to restore British
constitutional authority in Rho-
desia, then to form a broadbased
government with which independ-
ence can be negotatiated.

-Associated Press
"THE FIGHT GOES ON!" So exclaimed Rhodesia's rebel Prime Minister Ian Smith, shown above
smiling from the window of the Salisbury Parliamentary building. Yesterday the Rhodesian cabinet
turned down the treaty Smith and Britain's Harold Wilson had signed Saturday towards a recon-
ciliation of the breakaway colony ruled by white supremacists.
TO TAKE SEAT JANUARY:
Georgia Block of lan Bond
Overturned In Supreme Court O

Violent Move
Not Banned
By Britain
UN Security Council
Expects Quick Action
In Tuesday Session
LONDON (R) - Prime Minister
Harold Wilson ordered Foreign
Secretary George Brown yesterday
night to fly to New York Tuesday
to invoke compulsory U.N. sanc-
tions against rebellious Rhodesia.
The British leader, reporting to
the House of Commons on his
collapsed efforts at compromise
with Premier Ian Smith, said
Britain's U.N. delegate Lord Cara-
don has called for an early meet-
ing of the Security Council on the
point.
In a packed chamber, Wilson
said any agreement reached with
Smith would have been under-
written by a treaty lodged with
the United Nations .
"Any breach of this treaty would
require us to seek from the United
Nations mandatory sanctions," he
said, "and not necessarily confined
to economic sanctions."
Wilson said he had warned
Smith if a second Unilateral Dec-
laration of Independence took
place Rhodesia could no longer
assume that Britain would rule
out the use of force to suppress it.
Earlier Commonwealth Secre-
tary Herbert Bowden met with
high commissioners of 22 common-
wealth nations to discuss terms of
a British resolution already pre-
pared for submission to the U.N.
Security Council.
The British draft resolution on
sanctions is not a strong one. Its
350-word text invokes Article 41 of
the U.N. charter in order to set
worldwide bans on buying or deal-
ing in 12 key Rhodesian exports.
At U.N. headquarters in New
York, diplomats expected quick
action in the U.N. Security Coun-
cil on Britain's request for eco-
nomic penalties against Rhodesia.
But African nations yesterday
were demanding military force to
smash its white minority regime.
The 15-nation Council is ex-
pected to meet Tuesday or Wed-
nesday after receiving a formal
request from Lord Caradon for the
meeting.
Wilson claimed Smith had
agreed on steps to restore legal
rule in the breakaway colony even
to the point of heading a new and
broader-based government with
two Africans in it.

American city" and questioned
whether guerrilla warfare in Viet
Nam was more of a threat to
national security than guerrilla
warfare in America's city streets.
Cavanagh, president of the Na-
tional League of Cities, said in a
speech prepared for delivery to
the opening sessions of the
League's 43rd annual Congress of
Cities:
"It is arbued that our inter-
national commitments are vital to
Romney Rej1
A t Eastern P
LANSING (,P)-Fresh from a
12-day vacation, Gov. Georgel
Romney yesterday denied again
that he is shooting for the Pres-
idency and said he was squelched
an attempt to place his name on
primary ballots in several Eastern
states.
Romney, tanned from a Puerto
Rico vacation, told a news con-
ference that he asked National
Committeeman John B. Martin to
cancel a planned visit to New
Hampshire later this month to
discuss placing Romney's name on
that state's primary ballot.
"I didn't hear about it until
late last week and I sent imme-
diate word that he forget about
it," the Governor said.
"It created the impression that
I had encouraged him to make
the trip and that was not the
case," Romney said.
Martin, a National Committee-
man from Michigan since 1957
Big Three
Predict Dec.
Auto Cutback
DEROIT (P)-All of the nation's
big three automakers yesterday
announced production cuts which
put the December industry pro-
duction figure at least 70,000 vehi-
cles below that of December 1965.
General Motors, the biggest auto
maker ,said its decline would be
about 14 per cent, or 63,000 vehi-
cles, from December 1965.
Chrysler Corp. announced it
planned to produce 140,000 cars
this month as opposed to 146,000
in December of last year.
A spokesman for the Ford Motor
Co. said it expected to produce
fewer cars this December than it
did last year, but no figures have
been released by the company.
Only American Motors an-
nounced an increase in planned
output, up about 2,000 vehicles
over the same month a year ago.

our national security-to our safe- important? four times as impor-
ty as a nation. tant?
'Racial Rebellions' "Presently, in terms of spend-
"But in three months last sum- ing, it is 16 times as important.
mer we had to deal with major "Is the guerrilla warfare in the
racial rebellions in at least 38 Mekong Delta more important to
American cities. To my mind control that the guerilla warfare
there is an equal threat to our on our city streets?
national security at home." "Is the rehabilitation of a Viet-
He added that the Johnson's namese family more important
administration's war on poverty than the rehabilitation of an
was a major weapon in meeting American slum family?"
the domestic threat, and said: Cavanagh said U.S. spending
"I ask you to put our two wars abroad has had a clear impa't
into prespective. Is the Viet Nam on spending at home, and is one
war twice as important as the of two forces slowing the war on
war on poverty: Three times as poverty.
The other force is that the war
on poverty is considered by some
ects ter tleaders as more trouble than it
is worth, he said.
Man on the Moon
rimynarv S lots Cavanagh said Congress and
the President have committed $70
billion to put a man on the moon
and aclose friend of Romney, by 1970. A similar commitment
said Friday he would visit New has been made for interstate
Hampshire and other Eastern highways.
states to sound out GOP leaders "It is now time to make a c)m-
about Romney appearing in their mitment for the rebirth of the
primaries. American city where 70 per cent
The New Hampshire primary is of all Americans live," he said.
held in March and is considered Another speaker said cities of
important to Presidential hopefuls the future must have t areas
ecause it is the first one. of filth and neglect "if for no
ecaue itis he frst ne.other reason than to be free of
Romney was re-elected to a the monstrosity of a window1ss
third term by a large margin school."
Nov. 8, and is considered a lead- Dr. Kenneth B. Clare, Now
ing prospect for the 1968 GOP York, director of the Social Dy-
nomination. namics Research Institute, tol-i of
However, Romney reiterated his a school in the center of New
position: "What I said before was York City's ghetto which has no
that I intended to take a long, windows. He added the architect-
hard look at the question. I ural blunder is made all the more
haven't. What I've said in effect shocking "by the official expha-
is that, it's something I intend nations that it would reduce the
to explore. But I have not made cost of replacement of school
a decision and I am not a can- windows which are broken by
didate." vandals in ghetto areas."




THE LEOPARD LOOK

WASHINGTON (AP)- The Su-
preme Court ruled unanimously
yesterday that the Georgia House
may not bar Julian Bond because
of his statements criticizing the
draft and U.S. policy in Viet Nam.
"The disqualification of Bond
from membership in the Georgia
House because of his statements
violated Bond's right of free ex-
pression under the First Amend-
ment," Chief Justice Earl Warren
said for the-court.
Warren's opinion did not, in so
many words, order the Georgia
House to seat Bond. But it cleared
the way for the thrice-elected
Negro civil rights official. State
Rep. George L. Smith, who is in
line to become speaker of the
Georgia House, said "I see no
alternative other than seating
him."
Supported Condemnation
The Georgia House twice barred
Bond from. taking his seat be-
cause he supported a statement
by the Student Non-Violent Co-
ordinating Committee that de-
scribed U.S. policy in Viet Nam
as aggression.
Bond, a committee official, has
been critical also of the draft
system and said he admired the
courage of those who burned their.
draft cards although he would
not burn his own.
He was elected a third time last
month from an Atlanta district.
"I'm happy, proud, pleased, sur-
prised and looking forward to'
taking my seat Jan. 9," Bond said
in Indianapolis, Ind., where he
had again voiced his opposition to
the Viet Nam war.'
Warren said: "Legislators have
an obligation to take positions
on controversial political questions
so that their constituents can be;
fully informed by them and be{

better able to assess their quali-
fications for office; also so they
may be represented in govern-
mental debates by the person they
have elected to represent them."
Bond, in Indianapolis to make
a speech, said of the court's rul-
ing: "I'm happy, proud, pleased,
surprised and looking forward to
taking my seat Jan. 9."
Reversed Atlanta Court
The court's action reverses a
2-1 ruling by a special three-
judge federal court in Atlanta,
that held the Georgia House had
power under state law to dis-
qualif Bond based on its conclu-
sion that he could not sincerely
take the oath of office.
Warren's opinion in the Bond
case swept aside Georgia's argu-
ment that the state legislature did
not believe Bond could honestly
take the required oath to support
the constitution because of the
statements.
The oath requirement, the chief
justice said, "does not authorize
a majority of state legislators to
test the sincerity with which an-
other duly elected legislator can
swear to uphold the constitution."
"Certainly there can be no
question that the First Amend-
ment protects expressions in op-
position to national foreign policy
in Viet Nam and to the Selective
Service System."
Warren said a state may re-
quire an oath to support the con-
stitution from its legislators which
it does not require from its pri-
vate citizens. But, he said, free
debate over governmental opera-
tions is open to legislators as well
as to "the citizen-critic."
Returning to the bench after
a two-week layoff, the Supreme
Court also:

-Agreed to review a decision
by the California Supreme Court
that bars racial discrimination in
rental or sale of privately owned
real estate in the state.
-Took on for consideration
three cases - from New York,
Michigan and Alabama - involv-
infi efforts to extend the Supreme
Court's one-man, one-vote rule to
the selection and makeup of
county governing and school
boards.
-Agreed to pass on the consti-
tutionally of a New York law per-
mitting electronic eavesdropping
authorized by a court.
Georgia Governorship
In a legal battle royal, Supreme
Court justices argued among
themselves and with attorneys
yesterday about how to select
Georgia's next governor.
At issue is a 142-year-old pro-
viso in the state's constitution
saying that when no candidate
for governor gets a majority, the
legislature shall choose between
the highest two.
On Nov. 8, two segregationists,
Republican Howard H. Bo Calla-
way and Democrat Lester G.
Maddox ran almost a dead heat.
The election appeared headed
for the state legislature but a
three-judge federal court in At-
lanta said no. It objected that in
a legislative election the candi-
dat getting the lesser popular vote
Maddox might win.
Justice William O. Douglas said
that maybe the nub of the ques-
tion is whether the Nov. 8 'elec-
tion and the proposed legislative
election are all part of one pro-
cess.
He didn't say so, but if they
are on process the Supreme
Court's one-man, one-vote decrees
in reapportionment cases could
conceivably outlaw the selection
of a governor by the state legis-
lature, which is not yet appor-
tioned evenly by population.


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I

This Is Your

world News Roundup

LAST CHANCE

By The Associated Press
TOKYO-Peking radio charged
today that U.S. planes bombed
and sank six Communist Chinese
fishing boats in the Gulf of Ton-
kin, killing 17 Chinese fishermen
and injuring 29 others.
In a Chinese language broadcast
monitored here by Radio Press,
a Japanese monitoring agency, it
said the alleged bombing took
place Nov. 30 and Dec. 1 on high
seas on the western part of the
gulf.
* * *
WASHINGTON - Former Pres-.
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower will
enter the hospital Thursday for his
second major surgical operation
and fifth serious illness in 11 years
-this time for the removal of his
gall bladder.

He will now go under the knife
for a gall bladder operation most
likely due to the presence of one
or more gallstones.
The exact date of the operation
has not yet been announced.
SAIGON-U.S. airmen knocked
down one Communist MIG17 and
possibly another in a swirling air
battle Sunday within sight of
Hanoi while American jet bomb-
ers tore up a major railroad
freight yard six miles northeast
of the North iVetnamese capital
and heavily damaged an oil depot
14 miles north of it, the U.S.
Command reported yesterday.
Despite heavy flak and chal-
lenges from MIG17s and modern
swept - wing MIG12s, no U.S.
planes were lost, the command
said.

. 0

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