l r iri ig tn ttily

FEIFFER

'dy

Seventy-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICMIGA1
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD M CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

APOvO3P
Nr\ T~c
AL-U SAY -

- .ter

ere Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD T., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
Truth Will Prevail 42 ANRSTNNRBRMIH

NEWS PHONE: 764-0552

ditorials printed in The Michigan Daily ex press the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This mus t be noted in all reprints.

1* i

IROO~KS
ANO tA

DAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1968

NIGHT EDITOR: MEREDITH EIKER


Student Advisory Groups:
Opportunity Knocks

THE REGENTS have approved student
advisory boards to the several Univer-
sity vice-presidents, and petitioning has
begun. It is now up to the students them-
selves to ensure the success of these com-
mittees.
The advisory boards, consisting of 5-8
students each, will be a key to opening
new and vital channels of communication
between students and the administration.
The common plea among dissatisfied stu-
dents these days is "Let the students de-
cide." Here is a chance for those stu-
dents to have a voice in the decision-mak-
ing processes.
Vice-President for Student Affairs
Richard Cutler, in his report to the Re-
gents on the committees, said, "It is in
the interest of the University community
and supportive of the general educational
goals of the University to provide for an
exchange of information between students
and the executive officers of the Univer-
sity."
,However, it is also extremely advantage-
ous to the students to make sure these new
boards are an effective organ for voicing
their needs.
AS POINTED OUT in the report, formal
channels between faculty and admin-
istration exist in the SACUA subcommit-
tees advisory to the vice-presidents. Said
Cutler, "Involvement of responsible stu-
dents' groups at the executive officers'

level would seem to be a natural and
needed extension of this concept."
Now the concept has been put into ef-
fect. It is up to the students to make sure
the best qualified people are chosen to
carry out the ideas behind the commit-
tees.
THERE ARE THOSE who would argue
that the advisory boards can never
have any real effectiveness - that their
passage is merely administration appease-
ment to students who demand real deci-
sion-making authority. Because the ad-
ministrators are not obligated to listen to
the students, say these critics, they prob-
ably won't.
With competent members, however,
these advisory committees can be much
more. Even if they are rebuffed by the
administrators, their unique access to in-
formation leaves them in excellent condi-
tion to act as "watch-dog" committees.
Eligible students-anyone "pursuing an
approved course of study and not ai aca-
demic discipline"-should be encouraged
to obtain a petition from the Student
Government Council office in the Student
Activities Building or from the graduate
school offices, 1006 Rackham.
IN THE PAST, student apathy has doom-
ed many worthwhile projects to dismal
failure. It is up to each individual to make
sure this opportunity is not wasted.
-DEBORAH REAVEN

ADD T
yov.
OfT
AWAY
FROM

EVE4(' B0Y
' TA~u T
(M A
l1F6 nXRL
AE

WITRN A
WGJ M1
ff7H'K) tt A

MO M
OUT W(IH
A 6IeL-


Acv I

t ,,.
1A~ POW~r
I ee

I.

btu OW
AT k F .



Fort Hood Three-A Question of Dissent

Britain and the EEC

THE UNITED KINGDOM is once again
seeking entry into the European Eco-
nomic Community (EEC or Common Mar-
ket).
Britain's Prime Minister Harold Wilson
has announced his intentions to call a De-
cember meeting of the seven European
Free Trade Association nations to seek'
effective merger of the two economic blocs
which contain over a quarter billion peo-
ple and the most highly industrialized
sections of Europe.
CONDITIONS for Britain's membership,
blocked successfully for the last three
years by France's de Gaulle, look favor-
able.
Both major British political parties have
endorsed the move and West Germany has
long made known its support; even France
appears to be melting in the face of sev-
eral upturns in the political and economic
fortunes of Great Britain.
A squabble over agricultural price con-
trols, which threatened to tear apart the
EEC's timetable for integrating the six
myember nations' economic systems, has
been settled.
THE FINAL AGREEMENT last July of
the Common Market Council on the
tariff-less movement of industrial and
agricultural products, has removed some
of the obstacles to Britain's economic in-
tegration. The EEC has agreed to finance
Editorial Stafff
MARK R. KILLINGSWORTH, Editor
BRUCE WASSERSTEIN, Executive Editor
CLARENCE FANTO HARVEY WASSERMAN
Managing Editor Editorial Director
LEONARD PRATT ........ Associate Managing Editor
JOHN MEREDITH ........ Associate Managing Editor
CHARLOTTE WOLTER .. Associate Editorial Director
ROBERT CARNEY ...... Associate Editorial Director
BABETTE COHN ..... ......... Personnel Director
ROBERT MOORE...... ,......Magazine Editor
CHARLES VETZNER ...... .... Sports Editor
JAMES TINDALL ......... Associate Sports Editor
JAMES LaSOVAGE ........ Associate Sports Editor
GIL SAMBERG... .. .Assistant Sports Editor
SPORTS NIGHT EDITORS: Grayle Howlett, Howard
Kohn, Bill Levis, Bob McFarland, Clark Norton, Rick
Stern, John Sutkus, Gretchen Twietmeyer, Dave
Weir.
NIGHT EDITORS: Meredits Eiker, Michael Heffer,
Robert Klivans, Laurence Medow, Roger Rapoport,
Susan Schnepp, Neil Shister,
DAY EDITORS: Robert Bendelow, Neal Bruss. Wal-
lace Immen, David Knoke, Mark Levin, Patricia
O'Donohue, Stephen Wildstrom.
ASSISTANT NIGHT EDITORS: David Duboff, Ronald
Klempner, Dan Okrent, Deborah Reaven, Jennifer
Rhea, Betsy Turner.
ASSISTANT DAY EDITORS: Michael Dover, Steve
Mrsnelm, Aviva Kempner, Lyn Kn. Carolyn
Miagel, Kathy Pertnut, Regina. Rogoff,, Warren
Zucker.
Business Staff
SUSAN PERLSTADT, Business Manager
EFFREY LEEDS ........ Associate Business Manager
HARRY BLOCH..... .....Advertising Manager
STEVEN LOEWENTHAL ........ Circulation Manager
ELIZBE A g''RHEIM.ThT ni. ersonelirectr

agricultural subsidies out of external tar-
iffs levied on lower-priced imported food-
stuffs; this requires the establishment
of uniform food prices within the EEC.
With the clarification of the EEC's
stand on food imports, Britain's entry de-
pends upon her willingness to increase the
lower tariffs on her large food imports.
France's Premier Georges Pompidou
said in early July, "nothing prevented the
entry of Britain into the Common Mar-
ket; she accepted the Treaty of Rome (the
EEC's 1957 founding treaty) and the ar-
rangements subsequently agreed."
Wilson's unpopular austerity program
is now contributing to an increased eco-
nomic vitality-rising reserves and im-
proving balance of payments-that should
appeal to the EEC in coming months.
NOW THAT FRANCE has broken with
the NATO military alliance, de Gaulle
is likely to set less dependence on Ameri-
can policy as a condition for British entry.
Here, too, Britain's recent actions-oppo-
sition to German possession of nuclear
weapons and criticism of the U.S. role in
Viet Nam-should give Britain a strong
hand when she seeks membership.
Britain's bid to join forces with a dozen
of the most prosperous nations can be
seen as part of a Pan-European unity
movement that has sprung up in the post-
World War II, post-Marshall Plan era.
WHILE THE TENOR of some national-
ism has been reactionary and xeno-
phobic, the EEC is truly constructive. Its
expansion could create a truly stable force
for world peace.
-DAVID KNOKE
A Voice?.
YOU THINK your congressman is bad.
Take a look at the record of mine
(Rep. Samuel E. Divine, R-Ohio):
Voted against all of the following:
1964- 1965 and 1966 Civil Rights Act;
1964, 1965 and 1966 housing and urban de-,
velopment acts; 1964 and 1966 Mass Urban
Transportation Acts; 1965 act to estab-
lish cabinet-level department of transpor-
tation; 1965 and 1966 anti-poverty bills;
1965 Higher Education Act and bill to aid
public and secondary schools affected by
a major disaster; Medicare; repeal of Sec-
tion 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act; and,
allocation of federal funds for urban re-
newal, area redevelopment plans, control
of damaging effects of insecticides and
pesticides on fish and wildlife, and a few
other pittances.
HIS RECORD is not all negative, how-
ever. A critic of the Johnson policy in
Viet Nam, he has advocated more bomb-

By PAT O'DONOHUE
"We, Pfc. James Johnson, Pvt.
David Samas and Pvt. _Dennis
Mora ... have decided to take a
stand against this war, which
we consider immoral, illegal and
unjust. We have made our deci-
sion. We will not be a part of
this unjust, immoral and illegal
war. We want no part of a war
of extermination. We oppose the
criminal waste of American lives
and resources. We refuse to go
to Viet Nam!"--June 30, 1966
press conference.
O N JUNE 30, 1966, three soldiers
who were under embarkation
orders for Viet Nam declared that
they would refuse to board ship.
All three were enrolled in the
142nd Signal Battalion, Second
Armored Division.
At the time of their press con-
ference legal proceedings were in-
stituted on their behalf in Wash-
Ington, D.C., Federal Court against
Secretary of Defense Robert S.
McNamara and Secretary of the
Army Stanley Resor to bar the
officials from shipping them to
Southeast Asia.
TWO DAYS after the June 30
press conference of the Fort Hood
Three, the Pentagon announced
that the three men "had exercised
their right of free speech and had
not-as yet-violated military dis-
cipline." (New York Times, July
3.)
In the same interview the Times
reported that "A senior legal ex-
pert at the Defense Department in-
dicated that members of the arm-
ed forces who refused to fight in
Viet Nam might be prosecuted un-
der existing laws and regulations
and, in extreme cases, might be
sentenced to death."
The three men said they were
prepared to face a court martial
if the injunction was denied.
The court martials took place
September 6-9 at Ft. Dix, N.J.
THE DEFENSE based its case
on the argument that the war in
Viet Nam is illegal because it viol-
ates the Kellogg-Briand Pact, the
UN resolution on the Nuremburg
Charter, the 1954 Geneva agree-
ments and the SEATO treaties.
The law officer stated that "it
is a matter of law that the war
in Viet Nam is legal, and I there-
fore forbid you to argue before
this court that it isn't."

-By Finer, from Fort Hood Three Booklet
Mora, Johnson, Samas: "We want no part of this unjust, immoral and illegal war ... We
refuse to go to Viet Nam!"

Samas and Johnson were given
the maximum sentences - five
years imprisonment in the federal
three years imprisonment. The
Kansas. Mora was sentenced to
threee years imprisonment. The a
three men are presently at Ft.
Meade, Md., awaiting the comple-
tion of a review of their cases by
Lt. Gen. Train.
Major Gavin, in the information
department at Fort Meade, said
there is no way of knowing when
the case will be reviewed because
"we're dealing with three individ-
ual cases and we've never had
cases like this before."
WHILE AWAITING the review
the men are confined to what
Gavin refers to as "administrative
segregation"-in a cell by them-
selves but in a corridor with oth-
er cells around them.
They can be seen by other men
but according to letters the Fort
Hood Three have written their
families, they cannot speak to the
other prisoners and other prison-
ers have been threatened with
punishment if they are found talk-
ing to them. No one may see the
men other than their families and
attorneys.

Beyond the fact of "adminis-
trative segregation," accounts of
the men's treatment conflict.
MRS. GRACE Mora Newman,
Mora's sister, said the men have
been denied library prviileges:
"they cannot read anything but
the New York Times, and can't
read it on Sunday." She added
that "they are forced to remain
standing all day and if they are
caught leaning against the wall,
Captain Braxton, the confinement
officer, makes them do 15-25 push-
ups. They can sit down on the floor
as long as they don't lean against
the walls."
According, to Mora's sister, the
men were taken out of "solitary
confinement" after demonstrations
took place at Ft. Meade protest-
ing the "harsh treatment" of the
three. Later Braxton allegedly told
Mora "unless you stop the dem-
onstrations we'll put you in soli-
tary confinement again."
She added thatwhile there are
other men in "solitary confine-
ment," they "are crimnials or have
suicidal tendencies."
GAVIN DENIES these charges.
He says the men are not treated
any differently than the other

prisoners in administrative segre-
gation and added that "we put
them there for their own protec-
tion where no one can get to.them.
I don't mind telling you that there
are people in the stockade who
don't approvetof their charge."
He claims the men do not have
to remain standing, despite the
fact that they insist in letters they
do. Gavin said "they are only re-
quired to stand when an officer is
in the cell block. I have to do the
same for an officer."
ONCE THE APPEALS are re-
viewed they will automatically go
to the Military Court of Appeals
in Washington. The Court of Ap-
peals will look into the legality
of the trials, and if there are .any
legal areas that were not handled
properly the case may be reversed.
However, Gavin said that "as far
as we're concerned the case is fin-
ished unless it is reversed for some
legal technicality."
James A. Wechsler, in the New
York Post (Oct. 10) said "It is
hard to visualize legal reversals in
these cases.
"The right to reject service in
a specific war (as distinct from
religious opposition to all military

duty) has never been recognized,
and it is highly improbably that the
courts will be responsive to the
view that our presence in Viet
Nam is in itself an unlawful acts"
THE STORY of the Fort Hood
Three is troublesome in many re-
spects. No other war in which
the U.S. has been involved has'
caused so much anxiety, and not
only among the young.
To the prosecution, the solution
to the case was simple."... Orders
are the foundation-stone upon;
which the army is built," the
prosecution officer stated during
the trial, and when Mora refused
to go to Viet Nam he "was not a
good soldier," and should be giv-
en "an adequate sentence to de-
ter others from doing the same
thing."
But Donald Duncan, former Spe-
cial Forces master 'sergeant whor
left the Army after 18 months in
Viet Nam, holds a much different
view of the case. According to
Duncan, it would not be unusual
for many GI's to do "the same
thing."
IN A LETTER to the Fort Hood
Three, he said that "Half of a.
soldier's weaponry is his belief that
he is fighting for a just cause.
"In Viet Nam this means. that
a soldier's survival is in large
part dependent upon his ignorance
of the truth of the war. Once a
soldier has found some of the
truth of Viet Nam it is my belief
that he should not be sent there.
since going into battle, only half-
armed endangers not only himself
but also his less enlightened com-
panies. I can personally testify to
the awfullness of fighting in Viet
Nam once the truth is known."
THE RIGHT to dissent should
not be restricted to civilians; sol-
diers have convictions as well. As
Wechsler said in his column of
Oct. 10, "In a war from which so
many find ways of escaping serv-
ice and about so many are as-
sailed with doubts, there is no ex-
cuse for ruthless vindictiveness to-
ward the few who are prepared to
risk reprisal for acting out their
beliefs.
"To try to break their spirit
would be only a new sign of the
decay that Viet Nam has wrought
in our national life. In a sense we
are all prisoners of this dead-end
war."

4

'V

Letters:

Viet Nam Orphans Fund

To the Editor:
IN SOUTH VIET NAM today
there are approximately four
million homeless victims of war
(nobody knows the exact number),
the majority of them refugees from
villages destroyed by American air
attacks.
According to a recent series of
articles by Martha Gellhorn in
the Manchester Guardian Week-
ly, an appalling number of these
victims are-children, the orphans
of war. The South Vietnamese
Ministry of Social Welfare esti-
mates that 2000 more such orph-
ans are created every month.
Neither the South Vietnamese gov-
ernment nor our own is doing
very much to help.
The Viet Nam Orphans Fund
was established as the result of a
letter published in the Guardian
,Sept. 30, 1966) by professors at
four British universities-London,
Sussex, Glasgow and Southamp-
ton. They declared that, rightly
or wrongly, "none of us can es-
cape a measure of responsibility
for what is happening in Viet
Nam.

would, I think, have to look very
hard to find an object more wor-
thy of our generosity. Our re-
sponsibility to do what we can
for the homeless orphans of Viet
Nam is clear and obvious; con-
tributing to the Viet Nam Orphans
Fund is the most effective way
I know of helping them directly.
THE FUND is completely non-
political in nature and purpose.
It can, I hope, dffer a common
ground for concern and effort be-
tween those who support the war
and those who oppose it.
Appeals for contributions have
been circulated on many campus-
es by local faculty members and
students, and the VOF hopes that
this evidence of concern will
spread.
Contributions from one campus
should be sent, in one lump sum,
to Prof. L. Brent, c/o Lloyds Bank,
High Street, Southampton, Eng-
land. Individual contributions or
requests for further information
should be sent to me. All contri-
butions will be accepted.
-Christopher Clausen

context of the article, a good stip-
ulative definition would seem to
be "Tuskegee students could care
less whether human rights are
attained or not."
I assert, fervently and indig-
nantly, that this charge is either
a gross error or a unilateral an-
alysis of the situation. A group's
emotions about civil rights are not
directly proportional to the de-
gree of militance or to the fre-
quency of demonstrations.
CIVIL RIGHTS involves many
facets; therefore, the search for
them can be accomplished in a
number of ways. Dr. Kaufman ob-
served that Tuskegee students
demonstrate only when a crisis
arises. In my estimation such a
time is indeed the best of all pos-
sible times for them.
The purpose of most civil rights
demonstrations is to dramatize
some situation or to focus na-
tional attention on some crisis.
Continuous demonstrating causes
the method to lose its effect; the
white power structure in the South
and snectators all over the n.a

people to develop themselves cul-
turally.
The Cultural Development Pro-
gram introduces the people to
plays, music and art which they-
might not have otherwise been
exposed to. In many cases, stu-
dents live in the communities with
the people.
During discussions with the
adults in the community, students
point out the implications of the
phrase, "equal opportunities." They
help the people see the import-
ance of the franchise, emphasize
the importance of choosing the
right candidate, make them realize
what equal job opportunities en-
tail.
Throughout the scope of the pro-
gram, staff and tutors never fail
to remind participants that they
have to be twice as good to re-
ceive half the chance.
PEOPLE who observe the Tus-
kegee scene for a semester or even
for a year should bear in mind
just what the term "civil rights"
implies; they should remember
that short, cool winters were often
preeded by long, hot summers.

ple back home: While he is de-
termined not to remain in the rut
they are in, he works diligently.
with T.I.C.E.P hoping to start
them on the long hard climb out.
The Daily article may have been
the result of misunderstanding or
one of the slings and arrows of
outrageous underexposure. What-
ever the cause may be, my experi-
ence as a Tuskegee student con-
tradicts it and whenever I think
of the article, I keep thinking,
something is wrong. .. I cannot
understand it.
-Pearl Lattaker,'68

,

Hungary

To the Editor:

IN YOUR anniversary article. on
Hungary you alluded to the im-
possibility of a true "people's"
revolution in this age of orga-
nized and scientific tyranny.
A hopeless act? Perhaps. Cer-
tainly it must seem so to many
in sports-conscious, TV-oriented,
Mustang-driving America. But
most conservatives and I hope a
few liberals think occasionally on

4
V