PAGE TEN .. UF*.AU N M I UR . rN ±U.F~AI4.V PAE ENT1i' lrlt~IUTL1~t IbAWTW THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1966 3 Communist Guerillas Take Hard Losses In South America's Silent, Savag . WI GUATEMALA O)-High in iso- lated, jungle-covered mountains of Guatemala, Venezuela and Colom- bia a silent, savage war is being fought. Bands of Communist guerrillas engage in a deadly game of hide- and-seek with army patrols of the three nations. Except in Guatemala, the guer- rillas have taken some hard losses in recent months. Sharp ideological disputes - based generally on conflicting soft line or Moscow policies versus hard line or "Peking positions"-have deeply divided' the Latin American Communists. The feuding at timtes ha, been so bitter that government officials privately admit some of the suc- cessful strikes against. guerrillas have been due to tips given by one Communist group Informing on another. Little Hope InTanone of the three countries do the guerrillas appear to have aniy hope they can soon obtain their goals of overthrowing exist- ing governments, eliminating "Yankee imperialism," and setting up Communist regimes. Some guerrillas, discouraged by recent setbacks. have abandoned the armed struggle. Others, though their numbers are not large, remain in the track- less, rugged mountains, dedicated t4 combat. waiting and hoping for the political tide to flow their way. Ambushes They keep on the move: seeking the aid of peasants, fearful of be- trayal, avoiding army patrols- unless they ,spot a chance for a successful ambush and then they strike hard. Item: Bogota,. Colombia -on August 19 fifteen soldiers were killed and 16 wounded in a am-' bus. in the southwestern Depart- ment of Huila Item: Guatemala City-May 15 fourteen soldiers were killed in an ambush in the, northeastern de- partment of Zacapa.. From Cuba. Communist leader Fidel Castro, the ido of the guer- rillas continually beseeches the rebels to try harder., But to some Latin-American revolutionaries it is Castro who is somewhat out of touch with the situation. A Colombian Communist com- mented after Castro's speech: "It's all very well for him to tell us to lead a revolution, but the Colom- bian army is not a- paper tiger. Each party must face its own con- ditions and cannot follow the dic- tates of someone from another country." There is little doubt that secret shipments of arms-and propa- -ganda material-- are reaching the rebels, much of it believed from Cuba' The guerillas, however, seize most of their weapons in raids on isolated military and police units. or purchase guns from.,sugglers. One of thebestorganized guer- rilla groups in Latin America to- day apears to be the Rebel Armed Forces in Guatemala. These guerrillas are commanded by Luis Augusto Turcios Lima, 24, a former Guatemalan army lieu- tenant who received ranger train. ing ,in Ft. Benning. Ga., n 1960. On November 13, 1960, Turcios was one of a group of young of- ficers who attempted to oust Presi- dent Miguel Ydigoras Fuentss. Coup Smashed The revolt was smashed but it led to the formation of a guerilla group led by 3Lt. Antonio Yon Sosa -who also received U.S, training --which is called the 13th of No- vember Revolutionary Movement of MR 13. The MR 13 subesequently de- veloped a "Chinese" political line calling for active, armed rebellion to establish a "revolutionary so- cialist" regime in Guatemala. Estimates ' of effective FAR strength range from, around 75 up to 300. Estimating guerrilla forces is very tricky because the actual number varies often; some mem- bers are weekend guerrillas-hold- ing jobs or attending university classes during the. week-while other may be sympathizers who are occasionally called upon for some duty. FAR has a list of so-called "ene- mies of the people" marked for execution. In a recent mimeo- graph bulletin FAR announced it The Gargoyle apologizes for its Sept. 21st Issue (or rather for the lack of it) We knew it, would be a great issLue! We even had 4,000 copies printed up. But 'we 'still. ran out! We're sorry if you were one of these who missed us. However, we .io have a clever suggestion. Get yourself a special three issue sub- scription to "Gorg" *for only 75c (fantastic bargain) and get your copy mailed to you direct. wi-~ ~ t (: 2-+ AannvO r had carried out two death sen- tences against "comisionados mili- tarries," local village authorities. in Santa Rosa on May 6 and in Escuintla on May 16. The guerrilla movements. in Guatemala, Venezuela and Colom- bia have found some shootings and holdups have been committed in their names by criminals trying to throw off police pursuit. Many in Guatemala wonder why the 12,000-man armed forces, which successfully destroyed some rebel units in 1962. have not been able to eliminate the FAR and MR 13. Some observers believe army leaders do not take the guerrillas seriously. Col. Rafael Arriaga Bosque, Guatemala's new defense minister, said in an interview last month that the guerillas "do not repre- sent any danger to the government because they do not have any base. They have no support from other sectors of the population." With former law school dean, Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro, now installed as a freely elected president, many Guattmalans feel the guerrillas will lose- some of the sympathy they formerly had among students, intellectuals and workers. Officials hope that if the new government canhtake effective steps to improve the impoverished conditions of most peasants, the guerrillanmovement will fade. In Venezuela the guerrilla move= ment-the Armed Forces of Na- tional Liberation FALN-has been seriously torn by ideological argu- ments and personality clashes. FALN action has dwindled con- siderably from a peak about three years ago when it carried out raids on police and army units. con- ducted kidnappings and holdups in Caracas and blew up oil pipelines. FALN has been described by the Communist party of Venezuela as it military arm. But not all mem- bers of the guerrilla force are members of the party. . One major part of FALN con- sists of members of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, an ex- treme leftist group. The Venezuelan army has been carrying out a vigorous offensive against the guerrillas who are lo- cated principally in the western states of Lara and Falcon. Venezuela's peasants have never given much support to the guer- rillas. The Accion Democratica party, which elected former Presi- dent Romulo Betancourt and the current President Raul Leoni, has its main strength in the rural areas of the country which gave the party enough votes to over- come electoral losses in the capital. Lacking peasant support, suffer- ing from internal Moscuw-Peking feuds, inept organization and pur- sued by aggressive army patrols, the Venezuelan guerrillas have been weakening recently. In neighboring, Colombia there are two main active guerrilla groups. One is a hard line, pro- Chinese group called the Army of National Liberation ELN made up of :Cuban-trained university stu- dents, some teachers and other leftist extremists from the capital city. The other is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARO) made up of various Communist guerrilla groups which were driven out of "independent republics" they had set up previously in rural areas. The army has been claiming success in its drive to eliminate the guerrillas. ew ar And whether because of losses suffered or due to a change in strategy, the Colombian Commu- nist party this year proposed that the FARC seek to cooperate with the ELN to form a common front. Ideological Splits Although the guerrilla move- ments in Latin America have been split by ideological fights, they still have much in common: -Many of the guerrillas have been trained in. Cuba and they hope to achieve a Castroist rev- olution even though they may not accept Castro's assertion that the time is ripe for armed rebellion in their own countries; -They are. pledged to the vio- lent overthrow of existing govern- ments, to the elimination of U.S. interests and influence, and the establishment of Communist, or revolutionary Socialist, regimes and -They are opposing freely elect- ed goverments whose leaders are keenly aware of the acute eco- nomic and social problems in their countries. REGISTRATION NOW. 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