WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5,1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 5.1966 TUE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE Chinese lilitia: Mao's Psychological eapon TOKYO 0P) - A Manchurian y cable worker scowls fiercely. Chil- dren in Kwangtung Province tum- ble from cliffs. Mongolian misses charge on horseback. Shanghai girls in pigtails squint. Widely separated in age, sex; occupation and distance, these Chinese have one thing in com- 4 mon: They are members of Com- munist China's militia, the re- serves-behind-the-reserves created by China's new strong man, Lin Piao. Lin organized the militia in 1958 as Mao Tse-tung's answer to those who said fighting was for soldiers only, not for amateurs. Its forma- tion touched off opposition from the professional soldiers, led by Marshal Peng Teh-huai. In the purge that followed, Lin succeeded to Peng's job as defense minister. In recent months, the militia has come under renewed fire. And Mao, with Lin behind him, seems to have won again. Mao and Lin may just possibly have believed in 1958 that the mi- litia would serve as the Communist party's counterweight to the army. It was originally scheduled-on paper at least-to total 200 million men and women, and be placed under party control. During the lean years following collapse of the industrial "great leap forward," the militia de- clined. Today it is less a military force than a psychological weapon to keep the Chinese on their toes. It does this by giving military training to peasants, factory work- ers, clerks, government employes, school children. The Kwangtung boys and girls who fell down the cliffs were on a militia mountain- climbing expedition. The Man- churian cable worker scowled be- cause he was making a bayonet charge. The Mongolian girls were doing what comes naturally in the land of Genghis Khan and the Shanghai girls were looking down the barrel of a Soviet rifle as part of their drill in a spinning mill. No one knows how many of the originally planned 200 million Chinese are part of the militia. Travelers report, however, that the militia are everywhere. That they add up to very little as a military force seems to be the logical deduction from the fact that many of them use wooden rifles, broomsticks, or antiquated Soviet models to drill with. Though they go through the motions, they seldom if ever fire live ammuni- tion. Lin Piao's Liberation Army Daily says these are the basic duties of the militia: -To take an active part in building the country and in indus- trial and agricultural production; -To help the army in coastal, frontier and air defense, ferreting out spies and maintaining order; -To prepare for army service in wartime. Their first requirement is to obey the party leadership. A vol- untary group which elects its own leaders, the militias has little or nothing to do with the army. Some regular offices and men serve as instructors. The professional sol- diers probably regard it as un- wieldy and likely to be a liability rather than help in wartime. Men like Peng and the now purged army's chief of staff, Lo Jui-ching, undoubtedly disagreed with the Peking People's Daily description of the militia as "the best means of arming the people, the best way to turn everyone into a soldier, and the basis on which to wage people's war." The fact that it continues in ex- istence suggests that it is serving Mao's unstated purpose: to keep alive the fear of Nationalist in- vasion and the threat of war with the United States. Favorite targets of militia bay- onets: dummies of Lyndon B. Johnson and Chiang Kai-shek. Reveal atom Capabilities #In Viet Nam Official Claims No Nuclear Warheads Sent to Battle Area P WASHINGTON - (P) -- The United States has two nuclear- capable ground weapons in South Viet Nam, but no atomic warheads have been sent to that country, military officials said yesterday. They ruled out the likelihood of any tactical nuclear weapons being used in the current military situ- ation. They said the grave political implications would far outweigh military gains. In the jungle war of Southeast, Asia, Pentagon officers added, it is difficult to envision targets suit- A able for nuclear hits. But if by some unforeseen cir- cumstance the United States felt desperate enough to draw upon its nuclear arsenal, officials said, ato- mic warheads could be fired from 155 mm and 8-inch howitzers now in operation against the Commu- 4 mists. The warheads are not in Viet Nam but they could be in the Army's hands in short time, of- ficers said in interviews. The same applies for air and naval forces. The Pentagon position is that 4 no. military requirement exists which would call for use of nu- clear arms under present circum- stances in North or South Viet Nam. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara told a House appropri- ations subcommittee last spring he didn't want to state categori- cally such weapons would never be employed in the Vie$ Nams, "but I cannot conceive of a situ- ation which would require their use in either of these countries." The administration fears that such a radical turn of the military effort might draw Red China, or Russia into the war. Meanwhile U.S. air cavalrymen, killed 35 more Communists yester- day in the allied drive that is closing in on main-line enemy units in a coastal area north of Qui Nhon. Hanoi regulars and hard-core Viet Cong were squeezed by land and menaced from the sea as the roll of their fellow dead and cap- tured over three days of battle against American, South Korean and South Vietnamese troops soared to 513. LONDON-Peking has barred Soviet aircraft from flying over Communist territory, thus block- ing an airlift of Soviet aid to North Viet Nam, Moscow sources said yesterday. The move was said to stem from Peking's refusal to cooperate with Russia and its East European al- lies in a coordinated aid program to Hanoi. Growing Red Chinese hostility toward Russia, moreover, has led to the elimination of all coopera- tion with the Russians who are now also suspected of spying, the sources added. Chinese technical troops in North Viet Nam are under orders to keep away from Russian techni- cians and advisers there. Peking, moreover, has advised Hanoi it would not allow its citi- zens to fight side by side with Rus- sians. The sources said this has virtu- ally blocked any idea for the time being of the use of Russian volun- teer fighters in North Viet Nam. Anti-Poverty WAGE-PRICE FREEZE: Bill Voted Labor Party Supports Wilson $1.75 Billion On Harsh Economic Policies -/ -Associated Press HURRICANE INEZ CLAWS COAST Hurricane Inez slashed and clawed the length of the Florida Keys with winds up to 110 miles an hour yesterday, then burst into the Gulf of Mexico, the end of her murderous rampage still no- where in sight. Whipsawing first one side, then the other, Inez battered the Keys with screaming winds and shattering surf for hours, capping a daylong sweep down the southeast Florida coast from the heart of the Bahamas. NEGOTIA TIONS RESUME: McNamara Claims GE Strike Could, Hinder War Progress Dirksen Motion Cuts Funds to Original Johnson Requests WASHINGTON OP)-The Senate' passed a $1.75 billion bill yester- day to extend the antipoverty program a third year after revolt- ing against an attempt to increase it $750 million beyond President Johnson's budget. The vote was 49-20. As it reached the Senate floor from the Labor Committee, the bill authorized $2.5 billion for, the program instead of the $1.75 bil- lion Johnson had asked. But, on a motion by Republican Leader Everett M. Dirksen of Il- linois, the Labor Committee's ver- sion was cut back to the Presi- dent's total by a 45-27 vote. Voting for the motion were 23 Democrats and 22 Republicans. It was opposed by 25 Democrats and 2 Republicans. Much of the extra money had been added in the labor panel by Sens. Robert F. Kennedy (D- N.Y.), and Edward M. Kennedy, (D-Mass.). Robert Kennedy had told the Senate during debate Monday that even the $2.5 billion would fall short of meeting the needs of the nation's poverty-stricken families. Dirksen Urges Reduction But Dirksen said he was in ef- fect speaking for Johnson in urg- ing the reduction to the budget level. He explained he and Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield of Mon- tana conferred with the President at the White House Monday on this very problem. "You should have heard him on the budget," Dirksen said. "He fulminated like Hurricane Inez because he realizes what we're doing to his budget." The Senate passage sent the bill to conference with the House, which also had voted for a $1.75 billion total. The House, however, had"dis- tributed the funds among the antipoverty programs in a way quite different from Johnson's recommendations. The Senate version, on the oth- er hand, has enough flexibility in its allocation provisions to allow the conferees to accept the admin- istration's proposals. The Cabinet approved an order in council on the freeze, which re- quires the signature of Queen Elizabeth II. It takes effect to- morrow. The government had hoped the wage-price freeze that went into effect 11 weeks ago would be worked out voluntarily by employ- ers and labor unions. But Wilson acknowledged in a speech to the convention that the voluntary op-I eral court gave the green light yesterday to merger of the New York Central and the Pennsyl- vania Railroads into one massive $6 billion rail network stretching half way across the continent. The court voted 2-1 against fur- ther delay. A group of smaller lines led by the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad had asked for more time and a deeper look into the finan- cial effect upon them of the merg- three-man special court deferred it on a temporary basis. The merger would link Pennsy and Central trackage along a 20,000-mile stretch, from the East Coast to St. Louis. It would make the line the biggest in the nation, and the new Penn Central firm the 13th largest corporation in the country. More than 100,000 em- ployes .are involved. BRIGHTON. England (A'--Prime cism from Laborites who maintain wage-price freeze. Minister Harold Wilson's Labor the wage-price clamp-down bene- In addressing the convenion, party convention gave him a vote fits employers more than workers Wilson declared his program will of confidence yesterday on his and infringes on union rights of set the stage for more socialism in austere economic policy. Then he collective bargaining. Britain. He said the state soon will and his Cabinet decided to use the The convention opens debate to- take over parts of the steel indus- full power of the law to enforce a day on the Wilson government's try and urban building land. Docks freeze on wages and prices. handling of Britain's economic will be reorganized under state An official statement issued aft- crisis, one key measure being the ow9nership, he said. er Wilson presided over a special ~ ~ cabinet meeting in his hotel suite said: '"The government are con- ceneodh aepiesadtl L etRalodMerger' cerned to maintain the effective- ness of the wage-price standstill and to ensure that the actions of rovd byFeeaCor the few do not jeopardize the in- terests of the rest of the commu- nity." NEW YORK (IP)-A special fed- scheduled for Sept. 30, but the l r 1 3,, eration had broken down. |er. While Wilson got the vote he Barring further court interven- wanted from the Labor party con- tion the merger could take place vention, he still faces sharp criti- as early as Nov. 1. It had been LAST CHANCE TODAY 2 WASHINGTON ()') - The. De- fense Department insisted yester- day that a strike against the giant General Electric Corp. would pro- duce a serious affect on U.S. fighting men in °Viet Nam. "I am prepared to certify under oath that any interruption of crit- ical production involving the three services would seriously affect the status of our men in South Viet Nam and our war effort," said Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. Flanked by his Army, Navy and Air Force Secretaries and two oth- er Cabinet members, McNamara spoke at a briefing for officials of General Electric. Corp. and the AFL-CIO International Union of Electrical Workers. The union agreed to President Johnson's request to delay for two weeks a threatened strike that had been scheduled at 12:01 a.m. Mon- day to give McNamara, Secretary of Labor Willard Wirtz and Sec- retary of Commerce John T. Con- nor a chance to try to help reach a new contract agreement. At a news conference later, de- fense officials said a strike would set back severely stepped up pro- duction schedules of engines for jet fighter planes and helicopters, radar and other electronic equip- ment, bomb sights, aircraft navi- gational systems, 20mm aircraft cannon and the new lightweight 7.62mm "magic dragon" machine guns fired from helicopters to support ground troops. Chief Federal Mediator William E. Simkin announced that negoti- ations would resume immediately in an effort to avert a strike against General Electric by some 120,000 workers and 10 other unions. The company has offered wage increases it estimates at about 4 per cent a year for three years plus 6 cents in cost-of-living pay hikes and other benefits. While both union president Paul Jennings and company negotiator Philip D. Moore hedged on wheth- er they believed a strike would threaten the war effort, both said they were impressed by the case made by McNamara. Jennings accused the company of charging that the union had brought on a "fake emergency," and Moore accused the union of bringing about the situation that led to White House intervention. Both promised to do their best to reach an agreement without a strike. University Players, ASale! 9 A.M.-5 P.M. World News Roundup Herb Alpert Bridge For Blood Savoir Faire Sports Carnaby Street at the Booth (corner-State & N. University) Trueblood Aud. Box Office OPEN DAILY 12.30-5 P.M. -~1 I By The Associated Press PARIS-France set off the fifth atomic blast in its series of South Pacific tests yesterday over Muru- rea Lagoon near Tahiti, the De- fense Ministry announced. The ministry said the blast was the last in the series. * * * WASHINGTON-Foy D. Kohler, U.S. ambassador to Russia, said yesterday that he had tried in vain to get Soviet leaders to take a peacemaker role in the Viet Nam war. They have told him repeatedly, he said, they have no authoriza- tion from Hanoi to try to mediate the war. "Until they see a change in Hanoi, I think this will be their position," he said. * * * CHICAGO-The 1964 convic- tion of James R. Hoffa, president' of the Teamsters Union, was up- held Tuesday by the Seventh Cir- cuit U.S. Court of Appeals. The court also sustained the convictions of six codefendants who, with Hoffa. were found guil- ty of federal charges of mail and wire fraud and conspiracy in aid of an alleged plot to siphon more than $1 million from the Team- sters' pension fund. Panhellenic Association announces SORORITY INFORMAL RUSH Season Tickets Now 6 shows for $8.00 or $5.50 --L "The Decline and Fall of ,The Entire World As Seen Through The Eyes of COLE PORTER Revisited" FRIDAY, October 7 8:00 P.M. Pease Auditorium Eastern Michigan University "A contagiously joyous evening of theatre.. ." Saturday Review Tickets: Preso le, McKenny Union, Eastern Michigan University, Performance, Pease. Information Meeting Oct. 6 7 P.M. ROOM 3A, UNION "Magnificent Virtuosity!"-Detroit News "Great Dramatic Excitement!"-Toledo Blade "Fine Bravura Style!"-Detroit Free Press (I_ Ii WORK-STUDY-TRAVEL ABROAD SEMINAR On I Permanent Employment Overseas October 5th, 8:00 P.M., Union Ballroom .. . F OPENINGS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS PANEL: Recent MA and Ph.D. graduates and individuals with 5-15 years experience in Econometrics, Economic Development, and international Trade Must be an American citizen Assignments for periods of 3 months to 4 years at UN Headquarters in New York and with UN Advisory Missions in developing nations Prof. George Eder School of Business Administration John Sauls Deputy Director, Office of Intern'I Organization Recruitment-Dept. of State Miss Mildred Webber University Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information Mr. Robert Sprinkle Administrative Coordinator, Internat'l Center REPRESENTATIVES AND DISPLAYS: A few summer openings '11 T , A , 11 I