PAGE EIGHT
THE MICHIGAN DARIN
TAn A V Ci:.VrV LLVLD fl ;G'y lt
i
STUDY ON CHINA:
i l 1UA . NL'1EVIBE 27.196
Propaganda Suggests Internal Tension
EDITOR'S NOTE: What lies be-
hind Red China's bellicose words to-
ward the United States and much
of the rest of the world? Are there
clues in the way Peking has trim-
coed its propaganda sails in the
past? In writing this analysis an
Associated Press specialist in Com-
munist affairs read thousands of
words showing the shifts of Pe-
king's stance since 1949.
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press Special Correspondent
Red China's regime may be in
more difficulty than the outside
world suspects. Subtle shadings
in Peking's propaganda for ex-
ternal consumption suggest the'
tension among Peking's leaders.
A study of Communist China's
propaganda over the past 17 years
indicates a subtle relationship be-
tween bellicosity toward the Unit-
ed States and the extent of Chi-
na's internal troubles. The words
do not change much. The enemy
is always just outside the door.
But when internal troubles be-
come particularly vexing or dan-
gerous, the Red Chinese regime
tends not to tempt fate too far.
Today there are strong hints of
a sharp cleavage among leaders
of Red China's armed forces, of
clashes between some army per-
sonalities and the dominant party
faction, and of struggle within the
party.
Vilifications and Threats
Almost uninterruptedly for 17
years, Peking has directed a litany
Chinese PU
By JOHN RODERICK
TOKYO, (A) - School's out in
Communist China and the stu-
dents are having good, clean,
wholesome fun denouncing the
university president, humiliating
the teachers and pillorying non-
conformists.
Chinese education, which over
the centuries has produced gifted
scholars and writers, is in disarray
Since June, the boys and girls
have been on a six-month holiday
while Mao Tse-tung and his new
chief lieutenant, Lin Piao, shake
up the education system.
From now on it's less study and
more work. When school starts
f" V V VVV V VV V V V V
of vilification and threats at the facet of a many-sided upheaval tiger inevitably would be defeated "We have proposed." said Pre-
United States. Relatively brief in- discernible behind the noisy vio- because U.S. civilization would be mier Chou in 1960, "the conclu-
terruptions in this tone may sug- lence of the current purge which incapable of a protracted mi ary sion of a peace pact for a non-nu-
gest what is going on now at the goes by the name of "Great Prole- campaign. The Soviet Union was , clear zone in Asia and the Western
highest levels in Peking. tarian Cultural Revolution," Polit- pictured as China's eternal ally, Pacific. This, of course, would in-
In Washingtn, experts on China ical heads are rolling everywhere. and its leadership of world com- elude the United States."
say -that in recent months Red Peking, indeed, may be facing its munism freely granted. Subsequent statements suggest'-
Chinese propaganda has been rela- most serious political crisis since Indochina ed that war could be avoided, that
tively free of threats of war with the Communists took over the I"
the United States. The denuncia- mainland in October 1949. Indochina. where the Frenchl Red China wanted to "live to-
were fighting Communist Ho Chi gether with the people of the Unit-
tions of Washington - and, for U.S. Paper Tiger Min's Vietminh guerrillas, was ed States in peace."
that matter, of Moscow-are plen-
tiful, but seem to be leavened with The anti-United States psycho- rarely mentioned in Peking's ex- By that time, Soviet military,
bit of caution. sis set in soon after that takeover ternal propaganda. economic and technical help had
Tbiofcatiodn. rn hAny talk of peace negotiat ions in ended completely. It was also a
struggle going on in Peking. Evi- Mao Tse-tung advanced his thesis Korea was denounced as ' naked time of drought, floods and other
dently, the armed forces leaders that the United States was a japer; deceit" or "treacherous proposals disasters, with a heavy impact on
are in the thick of it. tiger, outwardly strong and in- of a cease-fire first and negetia- Chinese agricultural production,
Nrs Statement wardly feeble, against whom Red tions later." Peking purported to and of some peasant unrest.
few ys a, te e L- China would fight to the finish for see negotiation %only in terms of By 1962 the threatening tone
A e asao h ae i-Formosa. complete U.S. capitulation. Pekring returned. Peking said it would
eration Army Daily, mouthpiece of demanded complete withdrawal of! "ntrd sid iy whild
increasingly powerful Lin Piao, Red China had just signed a U.S. troops from both Korea and not stand idly by ' while the
spoke of "the struggle between the mutual defense treaty with the Formosa and pledged a fight "to Americans built strength in Viet
two kinds of thought in army U.S.S.R. and had its implicit pro- the bitter end against the deadly Nam. If war came, China need not
building - the proletarian versus tection. Thus, in 1950 Premier fear U.S. nuclear might it would
the bourgeois." Chou En-lai could denounce , t ahe Uteted ry" the Americans. U.S. mili-
A year ago, Ho Long, a top- United States with impunity as; But Peking did negotiae. tary aid to South Viet Nam could
ranking army leader, declared "the most dangerous enemy of the Communist world probably was not be allowed to continue.
there were "anti-Mao, depraved! Peoples Republic of China" and far weaker than the other world Thereafter, China's tone contin-
elements" in the armed forces, threaten quick "liberation" >f For- h1ad guessed, and in poor condi- ued harsh as its quarrel with Mos-
men with bourgeois views on mil- mosa. total conflict ci- cow deepened and its internal
Ition to risk ttlcnlc with the
itary organization." He probably Red China soon carried oat its United States and its United Na- troubles continued to pile up.
referred to those who wanted a threat of fighting the United tions allies. Stalin's death and a Volunteers
professional army and profession- States. After a period of. deriding resultant upheaval in Moscow The bellicosity hit a peak in
al officers' corps, as opposed to U.S. forces in Korea, in much the tended to bear this out. The Ko- mid-1965, when Red China was
the sort of army run by the party same words employed later on to rean armistice followed, pictured as "waiting in battle ar-
-officers without visible signs of ridicule Americans in Viet Nam, Support Ho Chi Minh ray" for the Americans, and as
rank and soldiers shipped to farms China intervened with "volun-
and factories for manual labor. teers." The war would be long, China turned attention to sup- bein d ready a do te on
The army conflict is only one said the propaganda, but the paper porting Ho Chi Minh. Once again,tUni dcombied theSowe
Peking negotiated on terms of less Union combined. Threats were
"Y than total capitulation of the foe. made to send "volunteers" to Viet
I i s j u nand the 1954 Geneva Accord re- N.
pisSnversiited, dividing Viet Nam. But something toward the end
China needed time to build. The' of 1965 seemed to dictate a meas-
again, liberal arts students willletariat will get preference over first five-year plan had been ure of Peking caution. Internal:
spend only one or two years rath- the children of the former bour- launched in 1952. Poor produc- propaganda spoke of "tendencies
er than four in the university. The geoisie. tion, natural calamities, problems toward capitalism" among peas-!
rest of the time they will get dirt "Education," says Mao, "must of collectivization, and a load of ants. The official Peking People's
on their hands in the countryside, first serve the policy of the pro- other troubles required a time to Daily complained that even among
the factories and the army. letariat; second, be combined with, look inward. This, from 1954 party members, revolutionary spir-
All this means that more youths productive labor; third, train cul- through most of 1956, was the it was waning. China had sus-
will be educated in a shorter time. tured laborers with social con- peaceful coexistence period, high- tained setbacks in its foreign pal-
But their education will be short sciousness." lighted by Peking's espousal of co- icy. A big investment in Indone-
on book learning and long on ex- Work-study students under the existence principles at the Afro- sia went down the drain. Heavy
perience-and the thought of Mao pilot program set up eight years ' Asian conference in Bandung, In- spending on military preparations
in particular. ago get paid for what they pro- donesia.
Under the new system, high duce in the practical side of their Chiang Kai-Shek Then, as the "great proletarian
marks will not be enough to qual- education. This presumably will Chou even invited Chiang Kai- revolution" unfolded with its un-
ify for admission to universities. be continued when the new pro- Shek to give up Formosa and join bridled youthful violence provid-
Candidates must be politically gram goes into effect at the uni- the Peking regime with a rank ing a screen for a wide-spread
qualified as well. versity level. "higher than minister," an offer party purge, China's tone to the
Sons and daughters of the pro- What does all this add up to? scornfully rejected by Taipei. outside world assumed a note of
It looks as if the level of intellec- ! In 1957. with growing evidence caution. The words still sounded
V V Vtual life will drop in the new Chi- of a split with Moscow, Peking's violent, but the qualifying phrases
na. There may be fewer good external propaganda grew war- were there, possibly to prevent
Ga rgoyle
MASS
MEETING
*Tues., September 27
* Student Publications Building
*7:30
Now in planning:
the Sesquicentennial Issue
Do It For Hank!
4
'S
cross Lampus
TUESDAY, SEPT. 27 ers and the MAD Language-III"
4:30 p.m.-John Clapham will in the Natural Science Aud.
deliver the School of Mtisic lecture 8:00 p.m. - The APA Reper-
on "Dvorak in America" in he tory Company will perform in
Recital Hall. "Three Mysteries with T w o
8:00 p.m.-The APA Repertory Clowns" in the Lydia Mendelssohn
Company will perform in "Three Theatre.
Mysteries with Two Clowns" in THURSI6AY, SEPT. 29
the Lydia. Mendelssohn Theatre.
4:15 p.m. - Jacob Landau will
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 28 give the Near Eastern Language
7 p.m. - Student Government and Literatures lecture on "Jews
Council will sponsor a mass meet- in Modern Egypt" at 200 Lane
ing to discuss the upcoming se- Hall.
lective service policy referendum 7 and 9 p.m. - Cinema Guild
in Rms. K, L, M and N of the will present Delmar Davis' '3:10
Union. to Yuma" in the Architecture Au-
7:30 p.m.-Brice Carnahan, pro- ditorium.
fessor of chemical engineering and 8:00 p.m. - The APA Repertory
biostatics, will give the Engineer- Company will perform in "Thret
ing College computer lecture on Mysteries with Two Clowns" in
"Introduction to Digital Comp'n- the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.
SGC MASS MEETING
for Draft Referendum
Wednesday, Sept. 28 at 7 P.M.
Rooms K, L, M, N Michigan Union
il '
i/i
save 10%
by ordering your
pudiec-
Christmas cards.
early from
larobsns
poets, writers, artists. There will like again, to the accompaniment ,eking fromncomnitting china i'
be more trained mechanics, agri- of an internal "hate-America" revocably beyond her depth at a
cultural workers, technicians. campaign. By 1959. Peking was time of internal disorder.
The poets and novelists will accusing Washington of plotting
write odes to production, to the to use a "spearhead of aggression"
thought of Mao and to the glorious in Viet Nam to prepare for war "
invincibility of the people's army. against China. On its >wn part,
The aim of the new education: Red China was acting warlike on
is to find round pegs for round India's borders.
holes, holes chosen for them by This was a time of growing
the party, not by themselves., Moscow-Peking tension. A purge
"What will you do after your fi- within the armed forces unseated
nals?" a recent visitor asked a Marshal Peng Tehhuai as defense
student. minister in favor of Marshal Lin
"I will go wherever the party Piao. evangelist of "people's war"
sends me," he answered. and constant revolution around_->
"Their jobs are allotted," cx- the world.
plained a professor. 'They state In 1960-62 there was another
their ambitions but they do not shift in the pr paganda line for
choose their jobs." external consumption.
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