TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE TUESflAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY s_ n .a c, a n iy c, is --------------- Viet Lawmaking Begins; TWO YEARS IN CONGRESS: Presidential Anti-Poverty Bill Reaches House for Debate Diplomat. Calls for Constitution To Be Drawn By Assembly Members Hoping To Keep Influence As Congressmen SAIGON (R)-South Viet Nam' new and untried assembly con- vened today to lay the ground- work for writing a new constitu- tion to set this war-torn natior on its way toward civilian rule. Premier Nguyen Cao Ky opene the assembly early today. * The 116 men and one womar elected Sept. 11 in a heavy out- pouring of voters throughout the country had some preliminar tasksto get out of the way befor actually getting down to drafting a constitution. One certainty is that real pow- er in this war-torn land will re- main with the military into th foreseeable future. Diplomatic sources see a 50-5 chance that the Constituent As- sembly will turn itself into a Leg- islative Assembly. This is possible they say, if a new constitution i produced harmoniously and if th military approves. Legislative Hopes Several members of the assem- bly clearly hope to stay on as leg- islators after the assembly's six- month life span. Others feel such a switch would break faith with the voters who picked them only to draft a new national charter. Western observers in the capi- tal foresee little difficulty in fram- ing a constitution unless the as- sembly allows itself to get side- 1h tracked on fringe issues. "Every politician in town has a draft constitution on his, desk," said one Vietnamese. Presidential System Speculation about the cnstitu- tion is focused on a presidential system with a strong executive branch rather than parliamentary government. " The recent experiences of South Korea and Turkey in welding mil- itary and civilian rule have re- ceived special attention. A two- man South Vietnamese delegation visited Seoul recently for a closer look. The Constituent Assembly will be about as representative as Viet Nam could hope for under present conditions. Every significant group in Viet Nam except the Viet Cong is in- cluded. Average age is just under 40. The assembly includes teach- ers, professional people, civil ser- vants, local political figures and one woman, Mrs. Tran Thi Xa, mother of eight. Candidates Checked The original list of 530 candi- dates was carefully laundered to wash out Communists or those suspected of Communist or neu- tralist leanings. With the possible exception of ,20 army men, none of the assem- bly members are expected to par- rot the regime's views at all times. They seem more likely to debate and criticize than find meek agreement. I On religious lines, there will be 30 Roman Catholics, 34 Biddhists, a Protestant and an assortment of Confucianists, Hoa Hao Bud- dhists,, MontagnArds and Cao Dai. Assembly Blocs Saigon newspapers nave specu- lated on the possible formation of blocs in the assembly as well as the candidates for assembly pres- ident. It appears likely that blocs may be formed on regional lines rath- er than for religious,. ethnic or military considerations. It will take the assembly as long as two weeks to get down to start writing the constitution. First order of business will be ver- ification of election results. Sev- eral election challenges must be settled. Next comes election of as- sembly officers and establishment of by-laws. Buddhist The militant Buddhist leader- ship which opposed the election now appears rueful at being out- side the assembly. Their leader- time being, outmaneuvered by ship is fragmented and, for the Premier Nguyen Cao Ky. ; r .:; ? .'} {.".v 4) True Peace Effort {Asked at UN ByDelegate Resolve Conflict With Conference, Malaysian Appeals WASHINGTON AP)-The House did not actually deliver in an ef- launched a week-long debate on fort to expedite the debate. the administration's $1.75 billion Critics quickly jumped on the anti-poverty bill yesterday with program and served notice they supporters lauding it and oppo- will try to force changes in it. nents charging it is wasteful, in- Rep. William M. Colmer (D- flationary and needs a complete Miss.) called the program infla- overhaul. tionary and said it "does not fit An overwhelming voice vote into the President's desire to curb brought the controversial bill be- inflation." fore the House after months of "The program is operating poor- delay and in-fighting involving ly," said Rep. Albert H. Quie of both friends and foes of the two- Minnesota, a Republican member year-old program. of the Education and Labor Con- Led by Chairman Adam Clayton mittee. Powell of New York, Democrats And Rep. Charles E. Goodell, from the Education and Labor (R-New York) also a committee Committee displayed a united member, said House Republicans front in defending the measure plan to introduce a flock, of from Republican-led efforts to amendments to "try to correct this chop it. GOP changes will be con- program." UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. W) sidered later this week. Timing Abdul Razak, deputy prime minis- 'Human Renewal' General debate on the bill will ter of Malaysia, appealed to allI "The war on poverty is the fin- consume at least two full days, UN members yesterday to helo the est human renewal program Am- which means voting on amend- countries of Asia arrange a peace erica has," Powell said in his op- ments will not come before Wed- conference on Viet Nam. a ening statement, most of which he nesday at the earliest. Some 114 He spoke in the 113-nation General Assembly as high-level" "" Western diplomats continued to pobe iiv o sh l Bri1tain Investigates the Cpparetl oieecttiuc ea esbTey the Communists of the latest U S. N peace proposals on Viet Nam. "I take this solemn occasion J standing at this rostrum to invite LONDON, AP) - Britain is re- ground nuclear shots. Thus they all states, large and small, repre- ported to be leading a discreet contend several onsite inspections sented in this assembly, to give us new attempt for a U.S.-Soviet are essential each year to check their help in bringing the immedi- compromise on a treaty banning suspicious events. ate parties to the - conference all nuclear weapon tests. -TherSoviets insist modern table," Razak said. Official sources said yesterday gadgets are so far advanced as to "An end must be brought, and night Prime Minister Harold Wil- make such spot checks needless. brought early, to this most unfor- son's government is awaiting the They contend the Americans really tunate of conflicts so that the outcome of hush-hush talks in want to use international inspec- people of all Viet Nam-north and Moscow between top British and tions for spying. south-may be relieved from the Soviet scientists. For years, the British have cruel realities of war from which The two teams-led by Sir Solly backed the American position. But amendments have already been introduced, and the debate may even run over into next week. Democrats say they have the votes to pass the bill, possibly in revised form. House GOP leader Gerald R. Ford of Michigan said in Grand Rapids Saturday the GOP would push a program costing also about $1.75 billion but providing that $750 million be paid by local and state government and by private industry. Democrats Pressure After the House had adopted the resolution formally bringing the bill before the House, Powell rose to announce that Democrats would do everything possible to move the debate along expeditiously. "Despite any personal difference that might have existed," Powell said in reference to a dispute among committee Democrats, "we are in complete unanimity." He then showed his desire to speed the debate by speaking for only six minutes before yielding the floor to Rep. Sam Gibbons, D- Fla. It was Gibbons who led the drive that resulted in the commit- tee's 27-1 vote last week to restrict some of Powell's power in running the committee. Gibbons highly praised two of the anti-poverty programs, the 'Job Corps and the Neightborhood Youth Corps. He also said the bill represents only a small increase 'over last year and is within the "President's budget. "The expense is more than I an- ticipated," Gibbons said, "because the job is tougher than any of us ever imagined." "Just because the problem is tough doesn't mean Americans ought to back away from it," Gib- bons said. --Associated Press WEST GERMAN CHANCELLOR Ludwig Erhard met with Secretary of State Dean Rusk yesterday before discussing military affairs with President Johnson. (See story on this page.) WAR ZONES FLOODED: U.S. Jets Attack Hanoi Area; Officials Affirm o SAIGON, (P) - U.S. Air Force jets tore up 500 feet of track and knocked out a string of 10 anti- aircraft guns on a main rail line from Hanoi to Communist China while other planes blasted boats, barges and missile sites southward from Hanoi to South Viet Nam's border, the U.S. Command report- ed yesterday. One U.S. plane was downed. Air attacks on the North took the spotlight from dwindling ground action in the south after a weekend of sharp fighting near the demilitarized zone and in the Mekong River delta. Delayed reports of. a Matine clash with North Vietnamese for- ces south of the zone told of the accidental loss of a U.S. Marine rescue helicopter that flew into a Leatherneck artillery shell as the craft swooped down to pick up wounded Sunday night. The heli- copter burst into an orange ball of flame and its four Marine crew- men and a Navy medical corps- man were killed. The White House and the De- partments of State and Defense each issued denials of reports published in New York and Lon- don that the United States plan- ned to suspend the bombing to give Hanoi more time to consider America's latest peace bid, made in the United Nations last week. Senators Fear Possible Use Of Bombers in Thailand Pentagon officials also said they knew of no reduction of plan- ned troop commitments to Viet Nam. The reports said new orders have held up the arrival of fresh U.S. troops. White House press secretary Bill D. Moyers said there is "no truth whatsoever" to the bombing sus- pension reports. "There is no change in United States policy in respect to bomb- ing or in our position on recipro- city," Moyers said. "The report raised this morning is totally un- true." State Department spokesman Robert J. McCloskey said: "I know of no basis for that report." The reports were published in the New York Daily News and in the Evening Standard of London. On the battlefront, floods are beginning to trouble troops in the Mekong Delta. U.S. experts in Saigon said four waves 13%/ feet high are expected to sweep into the delta before No- vember. They added that flooding in the Mekong and Bassac rivers was likely to crest in mid-October. Emergency relief has been pour- ing into the area about 120 miles south of Saigon during the past week. Two U.S. Air Force helicopters delivered more than 10,000 pounds of food for civilians and U.S. mili- tary personnel near a flooded Spe- cial Forces camp at Thuong Thoy, 125 miles southwest of Saigon. they have continually suffered for more than two decades." Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia have proposed .n all- Asian peace conference on Viet Nam. Razak did not refer to the "immediate parties" by name. Ma- laysian sources said this .ouid be a subject for negotiation-an ap- parent reference to a role for the Viet Cong and possibly Peking. On the diplomatic level, Cana- dian Foreign Secretary Paul Mar- tin held a private talk with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gro- myko on Viet Nam. Gromyko and U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk met twice last week, but there was no report of a change in the So- viet position. After their Saturday night meet- ing, Rusk challenged Hanoi and Peking to test the sincerity of U.S. peace proposals by coming to the conference table. The Unit- ed States has offered to end the bombing of North Viet Nam and agree to a timetable for a military withdrawal if there are moves to- ward de-escalation by North Viet Nam. Vaclav David, the Czechoslovak foreign minister, rejected "with indignation" the U.S. proposal. David told the assembly the pro- posals are "aimed at relieving the United States of heavy responsi- bility for the aggression in Viet Nam and even at presenting this aggression as an implementation of the principles of the United Na- tions charter and resolution of the General Assembly." Zuckerman for Britain and Mik- hail Millionshchikov for the So- viet Union-are investigating new methods of detecting underground nuclear tests. These techniques in- volve the use of highly complica- ted seismological instruments, electronically operated sometimes thousands of miles away from the blast site. Underground Tests Underground shots were the on- ly ones not outlawed under the partial test ban treaty signed in 1963 in Moscow. East and West could not agree on a policing or checking system to stop cheating on underground tests. As a followup to Zuckerman's mission, British Disarmament Minister Lord Chalfont intends to fly next month to United Nations headquarters to takepart in Gen- eral Assembly debate on disarma- ment. Chalfont also will confer with American, Soviet and other international authorities on the possibilities of extending the par- tial treaty of 1963. Opinions Essential difference between the American and Soviet positions about a ban on underground tests is: -The Americans claim nuclear explosions give out the same seis- mic signals as earth tremors ,or quakes. Even possessing the most sensitive seismic system in the world, the United States still can- not identify whether about 45 events inside the Soviet Union each year are tremors or under- European Military Strategy Faced by Erhard, Johnson WASHINGTON (RP) - President Johnson and Chancellor Ludwig Erhard of West Germany tackled yesterday the problem of how to reconcile the number of troops ne- cessary to defend Europe with the staggering cost of maintaining them. There was no indication that the two leaders got anywhere near a solution of the issue which has beclouded U.S.-German relations for some time. Diplomatic sources who attend- ed the almost two-hour long White House meeting repeatedly stressed that the task Johnson and his guest face is "enormously diffi- cult." They expressed hope, how- ever, that the working level meet- ings by various groups of U.S. and German experts will enable the President and the chancellor to find a compromise solution when they meet again today. Sessions Johnson and Erhard met alone for one hour and 30 minutes and then joined their aides, including three German and two American cabinet members, "for a joint re- port on their private consulta- tions," White House press sec-e- tary Bill D. Moyers -told newsmen Before going to the Executive Mansion, Erhard met with Secre- tary of State Dean Rusk at the State Department. No NATO Disclosure Neither Mayers nor his German opposite number, State Secretary Karl-Guenther von Hase, would disclose anything beyond listing the topics which came up. They were "NATO arrangements" in general-and specifically the con- troversial issue of how much the Germans should contribute to the costs of keeping the 7th Army in Germany-trade matters; and the planned joint probes into outer space. While Moyers and Von Hase remained closemouthed, there were strong indications from other sources that the two leaders did not come closer to a solution of the combined issue of troop level- offset agreement. But-as one dip- lomatic observer put it-at least they both had a chance to explain their positions in detail. some scientists here consider most high-yield underground shots can be distinguished from quakes. WASHINGTON OP) -- The pos- sibility that President Johnson might decide to base long-range B52 bombers capable of carrying nuclear weapons on a new airfield in Thailand is disturbing some senators. Asst. Secretary of State William P. Bundy was reported to have told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in a recent closed ses- sion that the administration has not yet decided how to employ an 11,500-foot airstrip in the air-sea complex being built at Sattship. Bundy was quoted as saying that any decision on the use of B52s there would have to take into con- sideration the tremendous psy- chological impact it would have on the area. He insisted no decision had beei made. Fears of U.S. Committee members critical of any expansion of °the Viet Nam war generally: translated this into terms of the impact any such ac- tion would have on Red China. Chairman J. W. Fulbright, D-Ark., insists Communist China's leaders already fear that the United States may be getting ready to attack their nuclear installations. And he thinks placing bombers in Thailand would deepen these fears. Sen. Stuart Symington, D-Mo., a former Air Force secretary, was reported to have questioned the necessity for such a long runway, contending that 10,000 feet would accommodate any current military aircraft. Economic Concern Members .disagree o n t h e phrasing of Bundy's reply, except that he noted that the United States is trying to take into ac- count the postwar economy of Thailand, which will own the bases being constructed there with U.S. funds. Presumably, the airstrip would take care of large commer- cial planes of the future. Aside from the political factors, committee members said the Pres- ident might have cogent military and economic reasons for shifting :r"":yYr.g.Y a.{.r. the B52s, which are bombing Com- munist troop concentrations and supply dumps in Viet Nam from Guam. It costs about $1,000 an hour to fly the bomb-laden B52s and it is a 16-hour round trip from Guam. The number of planes participat- ing is a security secret, but the considerably shorter trip from Thailand obviously would offer some substantial economies, plus increasing the turn-around strike capacity and reducing wear. U world News Roundup TO DAY, 3:00 1 STOKELY CARMICHAEL Chairman, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee P.M. Hill Auditorium Sept. 27 By The Associated Press MANNED SPACE CENTER, Houston, Tex. - Astronaut Rich- ard F. Gordon, Jr., predicted Mon- day that man one day will work effectively in orbit despite prob- lems which have curtailed his and other space walks. Gordon disclosed that he was tired even before he started the walk and reported "the biggest surprise of my life" when it took him 30 minutes to do a task which he had done in 30 seconds in sim- ulated weightlessness on the ground. NEW YORK - Eleven AFL-CIO unions engaged in "coordinated" bargaining with the General Com- pany have voted in local meetings to reject terms offered them for new work contracts, a key union spokesman said Monday. The announcement came during a luncheon recess in the negotia- tions between GE and the Interna- tional Union of Electrical Workers. * * * CAPE TOWN, South Africa - South Africa's all-white minority government backed away yester- day from one of the most sweep- ing pieces of apartheid-race seg- regation-legislation proposed by the ruling white nationalists since they won power in 1948. The government, through Inter- ior Minister S. P. LeRoux, told Parliament it is not going ahead with a bill which would in effect have prevented all political dis- cussion and contact across the color line. The measure had raised a na- tionwide storm of protest on the ground that its sweeping provi- sions were aimed at abolition of all multiracial parties or groups whose activities impinged in any way on multiracial politics. RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil - P r e s i d e n tHumberto Castello Brancho announced Monday he has fired the mayor of a northeast Brazilian town because he used $14,000 in U.S. Alliance for Pro- gress funds and supplies to re- model his house and buy cattle for his farm. * * * MIAMI - Hurricane Inez howl- ed toward the Leeward Islands yesterday, sending,storm flags fly- ing from the French island of Mario Galante northward to Bri- tish Antigua. "One of the tragedies of the struggle against racism is that up to now there has been no national organization which could speak to the growing militancy of young black people in the urban ghetto. There has been only a civil rights movement, whose tone of voice was adapted to an audience of liberal whites. It served as a sort of buffer zone between them and angry young blacks. None of its so-called leaders could go into a rioting community and be listened to. In a sense, I blame ourselves together with the mass media-for what has happened in Watts, Harlem, Chicago, Cleveland, Omaha. Each time the people in those cities saw Martin Luther King get slapped, they became angry; when they saw four little black girls bombed to death, they were angrier; and when nothing happened, they were steaming. We had nothing to offer that they could see, except to go out and be beaten again. We helped to build their frustration." "An organization which claims to speak for the needs of a community-as does the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee-must speak in the tone of that community, not as somebody elses buffer zone. This is the significance of black power as a slogan. For once, black people are going to use the words they want to use-not just the words whites want to hear. And they will do this no matter how often the press tries to stop the use of the slogan by equating it with racism or separatism." STOKELY CARMICHAEL 7:30 p.m. Multipurpose Room, Undergraduate Library UA "The Church and New Power Structures in the Urban Ghetto" Stephen Spottswood, Commission on Race and Cultural Relations, Metropolitan Detroit Council of Churches and I < I