WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1966

THE MICHIGAN DA1LV

PAGE R

Verwoerd Rule: Strict Enforcement ofApai

theid

The Man .
CAPE TOWN, South Africa -
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, stub-
born champion of segregation in
a citadel of racialism, was de-
nounced by much of the outside
world and hailed by his South
African followers as the last great
hope of white men's privilege in
Africa.
"Uncle Henny," as his Nation-'
alist party followers often called
him, firmly ruled the Union of
.South Africa as its prime minister
for eight years.
Six feet tall, silver-haired and
affable-appearing, he nevertheless
displayed granite-like determina-
tion to keep the races separate
in South Africa, / and employed
stern measures to insure his goal.
The son of a Dutch Reformed
Church missionary, he applied
missionary zeal to show that South
Africa's three million whites and
10 million blacks should "live apart
like the lion and the elephant live
apart." Often he claimed divine
protection and guidance in car-
rying out this policy.

Verwoerd - pronounced "fair-
voort"-was struck down by an
assassin's knife two days in ad-
vance of his 65th birthday. In
May, 1960, he survived an assas-
sin's attack, despite two bullets
in his head. His attacker, a mid-
dle-aged white farmer, later com-
mitted suicide in a mental hospi-
tal.I
To Verwoerd, white was white.
He had rigid criteria to distinguish
between races, such as shapes of
noses and kindiness of hair. Un-
der his direction, nonwhites were
classified as blacks, mixed-bloods
-coloreds-and Asians. Each was
alloted a place in society and Ver-
woerd's government would deter-
mine where each lived, worked or
traveled.1
An astute politician, trained so-
ciologist, former newspaper edi-
tor and one time professor, Ver-
woerd became prime minister in
September 1958, after the death
of Johannes Strijdom. Immediate-
ly he undertook measures to
strengthen segregation.

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Africans had to carry passbooks white man. He virtually crushed His Influence contribute to a solution of south-
which determined where they the small Liberal party led by ern Africa's agonizing problem.
might work or travel within the author Alan Paton. He insisted on An AP News Analysis It can only create more bitter-
country. This brought rioting in laws which made it almost im- EDITOR'S NOTE: The writer of ness and harden the determina-
March 1960, in which scores of possible for Africans to advance this analysis, formerly chief of The tion of the whites to maintain
Africans were killed. 1.politically or in the economy. He Associated Prss bureau in South their position.
Verwoerd, who could smile eas- threatened churches which show- Africa, later won a Pulitzer Prize
Veroed, hoC~l~dsmle as [for his reporting from the Congo. It can offer no encouragement
ily, shrugged off denunciations as ed liberal tendencies. He warned
emanating from the "ducktails"- the opposition press of possible By LYNN HEINZERLING to the Africans. Verwoerd's poli-
juvenile delinquents-of the "poli- action. He even boasted that his cies were backed by the over-
tical world." children - five sons and tw'o LONDON-The assassination of! whelming majority of'the 3.1 mil-
Schemes daughters-never were bathed or Hndrik F. Verwoerd, who promis- lion whites in South Africa and
cared for by a Negro nurse. ed South Africans immunity from by the much smaller white min-
He went on devising more Barney egro the violence which periodically orities in Rhodesia, Angola and
schemes to keep the Africans apart Banned Negro shakes Africa, spotlights one of the Mozambique.
while attempting to improve their Verwoerd's race policies were world's most troubled regions. Rhodesian Aid
lot within their prescribed con- carried so far that he told the
fines H ovedmany out ofshan- United States no Negro pilots from South Africa, Rhodesia, Angola It was Verwoerd, indeed, who
tytowns near white residential the aircraft carrier Independence and Mozambique are the princi- made it possible for Smith of Rho-I
areas to quarters outside the could land. pal areas of non-Arab Africa still desia to defy the British govern-
under white rule. It was the pur- ment and declare Rhodesia with
towns. He introduced laws to en- Verwoerd was born Sept. 8, 1901, pose of Verwoerd's life to keep it its 225,000 whites and four million
force separation as the only racial in Holland. He was brought to Af- that way. Africans an independent nation
solution. By this year he had rica as a child and was educated under white rule.
more than 3500 persons under de- later in psychology in Germany With Prime Minister Ian Smith unde whit re
tention for political opposition. and in Britain and the United of Rhodesia, he shared the dis- The South African government h
The Afrikaners who followed him States. Back in Africa he made a tinction of being for Africans the saw to it that the former British
hailed him for his belief that the life career of fighting for racial most hated white man on the con- colony received the supplies Rho-
good life in South Africa-black segregation. Eventually he became tinent. desia needed to face a world boy-
labor, African servants, sunshine minister of native affairs, which No Solution co e.
and the fruits of the land's wealth placed him virtually in control of The slaying of the South Afri- Behind Verwoerd in the Nation-
! rn'rw I-.g T ,yn,+wrol rLht + thes ni1 nnco ot amno the rao s Ican leader r1ns: nt nrnmis eto nist narty of South Africa are

many stalwart politicians ready to which has been in power since
take up the challenge. Some who 1948.
have lived long in South Africa 'Humane Policies'
feel that Justice Minister Baltha- Sir David Jawara. prime minis-
zar Vorster is the most likely suc- ter of Gambia, who is in London
cessor. He is responsible for harsh for the conference of Common-
anti-Communist and detention wealth prime ministers, also ex-
laws. pressed the hope that "the new
leaders of South Africa will intro-

S~ymbol
For Africans. a symbol has fall-
en but a tough antagonist still
stands below the Limpopo River.
Prime Minister Milton Obote ofI
Uganda, who recently threw out
athe president ofrhis country, the
Kabaka, with 'armed force and
assumed his title, had this to say:
"It is a bad thing to solve politi-
cal problems by assassination. I

duce more humane policies toward
the African population and steer
South Africa away from policies
which can only be described as
disastrous."
Not a chance. South Africa will
not give an inch in the stance
it has taken before the world, in
the opinion of the best-informed
observers here. Verwoerd gave
apartheid to the language and his


t

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f
a
's

very much hope that the man who successors can only uphold it.
takes his place will be liberal for Stro t
the sake of the people of South Suth africa hasthe rcontnent
Africa. But I am afraid this will nd a olice force of great effi-
not be the case." ciency. When a white farmer shot
There are very few liberals in Verwoerd in 1960, police and army
South Africa and they have no were immediately alerted until the
hope of influencing the policies exact nature of the attempted as-
of the Nationalist government sassination could be determined.

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Leaders

Intend

To

Stuvy Senators Hit Civil Rights Bill;
First Session Lacks Quorum

Background

of

Assassin

WASHINGTON (MP)-The Senate
set out slowly yesterday on what
promises to be another long drawn
out battle over civil rights legis-
lation.
The opening session lasted less
than three hours and was forced
into an overnight recess by lack of
_ a quorum.
Southern members 'Blocked the
initial attempt by Sen. Philip A.
Hart (D-Mich) to bring up the bill
that passed the House Aug. 11.
Sen. Sam J. Ervin, Jr. (D-NC),
opposed Hart's opening move. He
told the Senate that the measure

contains "the sloppiest, vaguest, Dirksen contends this section is
most ill-conceived and dangerous unconstitutional and says he will
provisions ever to be seriously con- not support any move to impose
sidered by the Senate." cloture, under which two-thirds
Proponents of the bill went into of the Senate can shut off a fili-
the fight without the aid of Sen- buster.
ate Republican Leader Everett M. Hart, the bill's floor manager,
Dirksen of . Illinois, who helped called the measure "a responsible
break the filibusters against the answer to the urgent needs of this
1964 and 1965 civil rights bills. nation."
Dirksen said he opposes the He asked for unanimous con-
present measure because of its sent to call it up. Ervin objected.
open housing provision, which Possible Debate
-- ,-1A - A.I ^ v i .'.... + o . _

MP's Unable"
To Suggest
Successor
Officials Impound
News Cameras
After Stabbing
CAPE TOWN, South Africa (R)-
Government leaders last night
promised a- searching investiga-
tion into the background of the
white assassin who plunged a
knife into Prime Minister Hendrik
F. Verwoerd's heart.
Verwoerd, 64, died instantly of
stab wounds in the heart and neck
inflicted yesterday afternoon in the
chamber of Parliament where for
years he had espoused apartheid-
racial separation-and sworn to
keep South Africa free of Com-
munist inifiltration.
The assassin was identified as
Dmitri Stafendas, about 45, a na-
tive of Lourence Marques, in the
Portuguese territory of Mozam-
bique. He was held under close
guard.
In August this year, Stafendas
became a messenger in Parlia-
ment.

QUESTION FUND:

Terrorists

Demands Made To Investigate Blast Areas

would ban discrimination in the
sale or rental of apartments and
new homes.

Labor's F
WASHINGTON () - A new
battle flared yesterday between or-
ganized labor and the National
Right to Work Committee, which
demanded a federal investigation
of union political activities.
"The flagrant political activi-
ties of labor unions are largely ig-
nored," said the committee's exec-
utive vice-president, Reed Lar-
son, in asking the Internal Reve-
nue Service for "a sweeping in-
vestigation."
Larson said the government
should "revoke the tax exempt
status of any union that engages
in such political activities."
A spokesman for the 13 million-
member AFL-CIO retorted:
"The activities of the trade un-
ion movement in the field of poli-
tical activities are strictly with-
in the law-something that can-
not be said for the activities of
the National Right to Work Com-
mittee."

olitical Involvement Before Vote

World News Roundup

The Internal Revenue Servicei
began what it called a routine1
check into the committee's tax1
status last year during the con-e
gressional battle over union shop
legislation.
Blocked UnionI
The committee, which holds a,
tax-exempt status, led the battle1
that sidetracked the AFL-CIO's2
top legislative goal, repeal of sec-f
tion 14B of the Taft-Hartley Act.-
President Johnson, in a Labor
Day speech, promised a renewed
battle to repeal 14B, which au-
thorizes the state to outlay com-
pulsory union membership con-{
tracts.
The Revenue Service declined to
comment on the committee's de-
mand for an investigation, or on
the status of its inquiry into the1
committee's own tax situation.
Labor To Campaign
Organized labor, a heavy back-
er of Johnson and other Democrats{

in the 1964 elections, is expectedj
to engage heavily in political ac-I
tivity in this year's congressional
elections.
"Yesterday was Labor Day," Lar-
son said, "but what freedom does
the rank-and-file employe have
if dues can be taken from him
by compulsion and used to pro-
mote the ideological, political or
economic beliefs of the labor hier-
archy?"
Larson said and investigation
should include the AFL-CIO five-
cent assessment on each of its
more than 13 million members. He
called it "a special election fund."
'Non-Partisan'
An AFL-CIO spokesman said the
assessment is for a "non-parti-
san" registration drive to get out
the vote for this year's elections,
and that it is consistent with good
citizenship.
"It is quite obvious to us that
the Right to Work Committee
doesn't believe in good citizen-
ship," the labor spokesman said.
The Right to Work Committee,
which gets its funds from contri-
butions, said "we have scrup-
ulously avoided any involvement
in political or political activities.
The only purpose we have is to
promote the principle of voluntaryj
unionism."
Suit Power
The Supreme Court ruled sev-
eral years ago that a union mem-
ber can sue for reimbursment of
a portion of his dues if it can be
proved they were spent for politi-
cal activities.
But the Right to Work Commit-
tee said it was not a clear-cut
decision. The Supreme Court sent
the case back to a lower court but
the union stopped cellecting dues
from the members who sued, thus
averting a final ruling, the com-
mittee spokesman said.

Buddhist Priests


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Attempt To Revive By The Associated Press Allen, moments earlier, had been
Protest Movemeent UNITED NATIONS - Despite forced to jump from the top of a
continued pressure, U Thant stood police car after crowds began rock-
SAIGON (P)-Communist agents firm yesterday on his announced ing the vehicle.
attempting to sabotage the elec- decision to quit as United Nations * *
tion of a Constituent Assembly secretary-general when his five-
next Sunday staged two terror year term expires Nov. 3.Osrac fth he-a a
bombings in the capital districtyatreivesaocsio. bor Day holiday weekend cost the
yesterday. ~~~Thant received a procession of aonarcrtllf63lie
yThedy onepwru aia u-diplomats who relayed to him the nafic acrcidnt. f 3 vs
sThe once-powerful radical Bud- hopes of their governments that in traffic accidents.
dhist movement tried to revive its he would reconsider his decision It was the worst toll for any
campaign with threats of fasting of last Thursday and accept at summer holiday, exceeding even
and fresh attacks on the United least a part of another term. the National Safety Council's most


States.

! ,M


Communist China Declares

The latest bombings hit an elec- Es
tion rally in the Cholon-China- ! NEW YORK-The stock market
town-distric of Saigon and a closed lower yesterday as hopes
vtingisforatrio offieon tnd for continuation of the pre-LaborI
voting information office on the Day rally ended in disappoint-
outskirts of the city. ment in the lightest trading in
Woman Agent three months.
The bombing in Cholon took The first post-Labor Day ses-
place just at sundown. An agent, sion showed some gains during
believed to be a woman, hurled the morning and afternoon, but
a grenade into a loudspeaker took a downturn shortly before
truck. One bystander was injured, the close of trading.
The agent escaped. The day's volume was 4.36 mil-
The voting office, at a hamlet lion shares compared with 6.08
on the northern edge of Saigon, million Friday when profit taking
was unoccupied when the bomb snapped a three-day rally that had
exploded there and no one was buoyed the market after a severe
hurt. dive the previous Monday.
Troop Orders It was the slowest trading ses-
To keep Americans out of pos- sion since June 6 when 4.27 mil-
sible incidents, the U.S. Embassy lion shares changed hands.
broadened curfew orders for The Dow Jones industrial aver-
Americans. age for .30 stocks slipped 5.35
Servicemen are already under points to 782.34.

Photographers covering the as-i n f o hA cn r
sassination of South African Pie o s rn Y a e 1 l S
potdihtnhircmea eeonsidering Peace Talks
Minister Hendrik F. Verwoerd re- 
impounded by government offi- SAIGON OP)-A Japanese dis- Announced plane losses o
cials. ; match from Peking quoted Red north rose to 361 as three

pssimistic estimate -of 630 deaths
that might occur during the 78-
hour period.
The tragic toll marked the
fourth holiday this year and the
seventh consecutive holiday since
Independence Day 1965 during
which new records for traffic
deaths were established.
. . ,*
WASHINGTON-The State De-
partment suggested yesterday the
Red Chinese complaint that two
Chinese merchant ships were at-
tacked by U.S. planes Aug. 29 may
be the Communist version of a re-
port from pilots that they hit in
self-defense against two PT boats
in the Gulf of Tonkin.
U.S. officials in South Viet Nam
had advanced the same idea, in
less detail.
State Department press officer
Robert J. McCloskey said there
were no indications the vessels
were Chinese Communists and "it
is by no means clear that the in-
cident is related to the Chinese
Communist charge, but we are
aware of no other event that has
such a relationship."

Hart then announced he plan-
ned to move to bring the bill be-
fore the Senate. Such a motion is
debatable, and Southern oppon-
ents may 'argue against it at
length.
Ervin held the floor, however,
and declined to yield to Hart un-
til he had finished speaking
against the House bill. Then Er-
vin forced a quorum call which
fell short of the 51 senators re-
quired to conduct business. Only
40 members responded.
The Senate recessed at 2:57
p.m. until noon today.
Optimistic
Hart later told reporters he was
cautiously optimistic that a quor-
um would be on hand today and
that he would be able to make his
motion.
Other senators said, however,
that they had been told that some
of the 60 absentees would be gone
the rest of the week because of
campaign commitments.
Hart said Southern senators in
Washington did not duck the quor-
um call.
Cross Section
"The absentees were a broad
cross section of the Senate," he
said.
He said he has no idea how long
the bill's opponents will talk
against the motion to bring it up.
But he said there were some
would al ns this might to on for a
week and then the opponents
would allow the bill to come be-
fore the Senate but immediately
resume talking on a motion to
send it to the Judiciary Commit-
tee. Such a motion cannot be
made until the measure is before
the Senate.
Predicts Filibuster
Sen. Jacob K. Javits (R-NY)
said the Southerners' opening tac-
tics made it plain they plan to
filibuster the preliminary motion.
"'Thy did not do this on the
voting rights bill last year," he
said.

ver the
planes

Successor Unmentioned
In the midst of their grief over
Verwoerd's death, none of the
government leaders would discuss
publicly the question of his succes-
sor. But preliminary talks were
under way.

China's Foreign Minister Chen Yi
yesterday as saying Red China "is
not necessarily dismissing the
thought of talking with the Unit-
ed States" about a solution to the
war.
The Kyodo news agency said

were shot down Sunday and one
Monday. The pilot of one was res-
cued. The others are listed as
missing.
U.S. Air Force, Navy and Ma-
rine pilots flew 152 missions north
of the border Monday, only four
short of the record 156 chalked up
Aug. 26. Presumably about 400
planes were involvdd in the con-
centrated effort to knock out lines
of communication by which the
Hanoi regime moves troops and
supplies to South Viet Nam.

No one qualified automatically Chen told a Japanese parliamen-
to take Verwoerd's place, but it tary delegation the solution of all
wsevident that his successor international problems through
was dtalks is the basic spirit of diplo-
will be in the Verwoerd tradition. macy.
The Nationalist party that Ver- But he added "this kind of so-
woerd headed has almost a 3-1i lution of the Vietnamese conflict
majority in Parliament. is impossible because the United
States is trying to solve it with

strict orders to stay out of public
places in off duty hours and the
embassy instructed all civilians
working for U.S.-financed oper-
ations to observe similar orders
starting Saturday.
U.S. military commanders in
the field have also had orders to
take every precaution to avoid
incidents which might give the im-
pression that the United States
was involved in the election.

, * ,*
ATLANTA, Ga. - Police fired
shots into the air and tossed tear
gas into Negro demonstrators near
the downtown area yesterday aft-
ernoon after bottles and rocks were
hurled by the crowd.
Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., who had
been appealing to the crowd to dis-
perse, was in the center of the
bottle-throwing episode.

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For world reaction, see
related story on Page 8
Finance Minister T h e o p h i lu s
Denges, who became acting prime
minister with the fatal stroke of
the assassin's knife, pledged that
police would "leave no stone un-
turned to get to the bottom of this.
dastardly deed."
The investigation will be headed
by Maj. Gen. H. J. Van Den Berg,
chief of South Africa's security
police, and Brig. G. Joubert, head
of the Criminal Investigation De-
partment. They flew from Johan-
nesburg to Cape Town Tuesday.
Praise
In a radio broadcast to the na-
tion, Donges praised Verwoerd's
achievements and declared:
"A Cedar of Lebanon has fall-
en, the man whose masterly hand
has safely steered our ship of
state for the past eight years is
no more."
He said Verwoerd's eight years
as prime minister were years of
phenomenal growth and sparkling
activity that could be traced to
what he called the prime minister's

armed force.''
Bomb Routes
Meanwhile, in South Viet Nam.
U.S. pilots kept the pressure on
Communist infiltration routes
from the north yesterday in a
war again sharing center stage
with political developments.
Fighter-bomber squadrons ham-
mered trucks and trains in North
Viet Nam and B-52 jets from
Guam rained tons of bombs on
targets in the frontier demilitariz-
ed zone, which lost its status as
a neutral buffer strip last July.
In the only major ground ac-,
tion, U.S. Marines pursued ele-
ments of a reinforced Viet Cong
battalion they routed from en-
trenchments 18 miles southwest
of Da Nang. The Marines killed
26 in the initial action Monday.
Chief Captured
A dispatch from Da Nang said'
captives in a Leatherneck opera-
tion Sunday included a guerrilla
chief believer to be the Viet Cong
leader in Quang Ngai Province.
After a series of thunderstorms
that hampered air raids over the
north last week, the weather be-
gan clearing and the aerial cam-
paign returned to full fury Mon-

DON'T SAY
you can't find it

Commuter Service
A new Commuter Bus Service is available
with stops at the following locations:

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Hoover & Brown Sts.
Hill & 5th Ave.
Law Quad-State St.
Angell Hall
Chemistry Bldg.

Phys. & Astro-Church St.
Clements Library
State St. & S. Univ.
1. M. Bldg.
Admin. Services Bldg.

Commuter parking lots are available to all faculty
and staff, at Hoover & Brown Sts., and Hill & 5th
Ave. Bus service operates on an 8 minute schedule.
Commuter lot permits may be obtained by staff
members at no charge from the PARKING AD-
MINISTRATION OFFICE. 1053 Admin. BIda. Cars

Has the Volkswagen fad died out?

NEVER!

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Vim,