THE TAX INCREASE IS IT TOO LATE? See editorial.page S.tir. i jau 47Iai CLOUDY High--36 Low--20 Cooler with a chance of snow flurries Seventy-Six Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVII, No. 87 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 12, 1967 SEVEN CENTS TEN PAGES Dra t EDITOR'S NOTE: The national debate over the draft, and what to do about it, has been raging for more than two years, pr6ducing' a thicket of conflicting opinions. This article, the first of a two-part se- ries based on a nationwide Associ- ated Press survey, reports the views of the men who run the draft system. By SEYMOUR M. HERSH WASHINGTON (A") - The men who implement the rules and. reg- ulations of the draft-the state directors--are unsure and badly divided over the workings of the present system, an Associated Press survey showed yesterday. The r survey showed also that much of their doubt is justified: The states, guided only by a vague series of recommendations from their national and state headquar- ters, have ,spawned the present helter-skelter pattern of educa- tional and occupational deferments that has been so widely criticized. Directors Forty-three state draft directors or their chief aides responded to the questionnaire and, of those who would express an opinion, more than 40 per cent indicated they think there must be a fairer way of deciding between who should be classidied 1-A and face two years of military service and who should be deferred. There are more than 4000 local draft boards across the nation. Un- der the present system, the men who. run these boards have the ul- timate power of decision. Some guidelines are supplied by state and national draft headquarters, but these are offered only as sup'= plemental aides-although many boards follow the recommenda- tions closely. Throughout the draft debate, Lt. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, national Selective Service director, has stood firm. No changes are need- ed in the draft laws, he has re- peatedly said, arguing that the draft should become a permanent part of the American way of life. But the current laws pose sharp dilemmas for the men charged with carrying them out on a state level. Col. Glenn R. Bowles, Se- lective Service director for Iowa, summed up the problem this way: "I think basically if there is a complaint within the local board framework of Selective Service it would be the lack of uniformity in deferments throughout the state and throughout the United States. But the reason is because the con- cept is to let the local boards de- termine who serves." In Bowles' view, the debate boils down to an argument between those who want the local boards to maintain freedom of selection and those who would impose a nsure state or national "dictator" to de- cide who serves. He opposes the dictator concept. But Maj. Gen. L. B. Adams, Jr. and others complained about the lack of guidance from Washing- ton. "I would like to see perhaps a- more uniform regulation on stu- dent deferments," he said. "Also I would like to see specified the part the Peace Corps should be given in relation to other service in the country. Too many people have the idea it is a substitute for mili- tary service." From many other draft officials, some form of universal service would be the ideal solution. "Nothing but universal military training will ever solve the prob- lem," said Capt. Charles L. Kess- ler. The student deferment pro- of Workings of System gram should be ended, he argued, should be required to attend a demands. They argued that the same break and try to follow except for those studying sciences, meeting once a week, or take RO- variations in requirements among standards as similar as possible." engineering, medicine or any oth- TC in college or something similar, local boards have been vastly dis- Col. Robert Knight said he er subject deemed essential to the They should be given a sense of torted in the current controversy. thought draft boards are "very national economy. responsibility." "The law is flexible enough so uniform" in granting deferments Col. Harry Smith believes that From farther down the chain of that we can adjust to changing for students. He had no recom- anyone granted deferments should command, the men who run the conditions," Brig. Gen. Henry M. mendations on changing the sys- be liable for the draft until he is local draft boards, there also are Gross said. "The boards differ be- tem. dissents. cause there are different kinds of The head of the Selective Serv- 35. Roscoe N. Coburn said he wants people. But they don't differ very ice in North Dakota, Adj. Gen. L. "We have thousands of young to see "plenty of changes. The far." A. Melhouse, summed up much of men who keep on going to school whole thing is pretty archaic." Col. Morris Schwartz said he the sentiment for the present sys- year after year until they are 26 "It needs to be re-evaluated,";doesn't want to see any changes tem when he declared that "so and when a young man reaches Coburn said. "I don't like what I in the system. "The system has far, no one has come up with a 26, we can't touch him," Smith see or read." better Selective Service system said. "I. think every man register- been functioning over 20 years. It than we have now." ed with a draft board should Dr. L. L. Huntington said he functioned well in World War II Col. Arthur Holmes, Michigan continue his liability until he is thinks too many decisions are left and in World War I. I don't think draft director, said he felt the flex- 35." . up to the board's discretion. Pol- there are any inequities whatso- ibility of the present system is ade- Col. Howard E. Reed has no icy should be spelled out in de- ever." quate for the needs of the nation. specific solution but sees a broad tail on a national level, he said. In Massachusetts, Director John "To tighten up" standards, he ar- answer to the current dilemma: Those state Selective Service of- C. Carr, Jr. said the 128 draft gued, would create hardships for "There ought to be some way of ficials who endorsed the present boards "generally follow the same too many. tying everyone of draft age in with system spoke highly of its ability rules in all cases that I know of. Anyway, he added, he believes some obligation. Perhaps they all to meet high and low manpower We like to see everyone get the See SURVEY, Page 2 .a, Polard Says On Campus Reports Enormous Amounts of Marijuana Sold on Black Market LSA.Faculty To Consider Draft, Issue To Debate Katz, Kelly, Beardsley Proposals; Plan Class Rank Poll By PAT O'DONOHUE What has the Literary College Faculty accomplished and dis- cussed during its many debates on the issues of class ranking and student deferment? At its regular monthly meeting Monday, the faculty members present voted to canvass by mail the entire literary college faculty on the controversial issue of class ranking. The poll will ask essen- tially what from academic infor- mationron a student should take (transcript, class rank, etc.) and to whom the information should be sent (ocal draft board or other). The poll will be slightly revised by a committee, appointed by Dean William Haber of the liter- ary college, consisting of Profs. E.-Lowell Kelly of the psychology department, Angus Campbell and Theodore Newcomb, of the soci- ology and psychology departments, Arthur Bromage of the political science department and Deming Brown of the Slavic languages de- partment. Several Resolutions In addition to this formal ac- tion by the faculty, there are sev- eral resolutions awaiting their at- J% tention. On the table from December's meeting are two separate reso- lutions on ranking presented by Prof. Laniel Katz of the psychol- ofy department and Prof. Richard Beardsley of the anthropology de- partment, M In the interim however, Kelly prepared substitute statements on both the student deforment and class ranking issues. The portion of Kelly's statement concerned with student deferment was a substitute resolution for an earlier proposal presented by Prof. Edward S. Bording and Prof. John Erenche of the psychology depart- ment. This resolution was pre- sented at Monday's meeting and is on the agenda for the Febru- ary 6 faculty meeting. Panel Member Kelly was a member of a panel of 27 distinguished educators and professional people established to advise the Selective Service Com- mission. The panel recommended the formation of guidelines for local boards on the current poli-i cies of student deferments. He thus is able to present a great deal of the historical perspective behind deferment and ranking in his background paper "Grades, Ranking and Student Deferment." Kelly states that "It is impor- tant to remember that the delib- erations leading to present poli- cies of student deferment took place during a period of interna- tional tension," one in which there was a great deal of concern about maintaining an adequate defense force. The advisory group, according to Kelly, "arrived at the unanimous C7k't tYt f V NEWS WIRE DISSENSION AGAINST PLANS for one solid week of pro- tests against the Vietnam war and the draft has arisen in the ranks of the Students for a Democratic Society. The SDS na- tional committee voted in Berkeley, Calif., against supporting a Peace Week protest movement that is to be capped on April 15 with mass marches in New York and San Francisco. But rank- and-file members have organized a ballot referendum to over- turn the leadership decision. SDS chapters around the country report they will vote to take part in the protest. PANHELLENIC PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL started discussion last night on the University's alumnae recommendation policy. This is partially a result of last year's Big Ten Interfraternity Council-Panhellenic Conference which resolved that, "Some of the structural mechanisms of the recommendation system can be used as a possible means of discrimination." Recommendations are now used to give a sorority additional information on a prospective member. * * * * PROF. FREDE VIDAR, of the architecture and designs school since 1953, died yesterday after a long illness. Internationally known, Vidar's paintings hang in New York's Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of his native Denmark, and a number of other important collections. Until joining the University faculty he worked as an artist and war correspondent with Life and Fortune magazines. He taught previously at the New York School ofInterior Decoration, the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Art, University of Wisconsin, and Washington Uni- versity in St. Louis. THE JANUARY 7 issue of the Daily incorrectly reported that University employees enrolled in courses here need no longer register their cars with the Student Vehicle Bureau. According to the Bureau only permament, full time employees of the University are exempt from student registration. Students who work either part time or on a temporary basis are not exempt. %K k< :k UNITED STATES OFFICE of Education reports that the number of doctoral degrees awarded during the last decade nearly doubled from the school year 1955-56 and probably will more than double in the next ten years. The office, noting that physical sciences and education had attracted the largest number of candidates in the last decade, predicted that engineering may be the most popular field for doctorates by the end of the next ten years. Estimates by -the office place the number of degrees to be awarded in the school year 1975-76 at 36,900. In 1964-65, 16,467 degrees were given; -in 1955-56, 8,903. -Daily-Thomas R. Copi PARTICIPANTS IN YESTERDAY'S DEBATE (from left) Michael Zweig, Grad, chairman of Voice Political Party, Ed Robinson, '67, president of Student Government Council, writer-in-residence Leslie Fiedler, and Prof. Stephen Tonsor. Fiedler, Zweig, Tonsor, Robinson Disagree on Role of Young Radical By SUSAN ELAN "I don't have much faith in reason, really. I don't see what we hdve to lose by trying a little irrationality and pa ssion now. I guess my motto is live now, die later," said writer-in-residence Leslie Fiedler to an audience of more than 400 students yesterday. Fiedler was discussing the topic 'The Young Radicals ... Dropouts or a New Proletariat?" with Prof. Stephen J. Tonsor of the history department, Ed Robinson, '67, president of Student Government Council, and Michael Zweig, Grad, chairman of Voice political party. "It has been the common fate of all young men to find them- selves in a world they didn't make and which isn't very good, and to believe there can be a better world and that they might be the ones who will make it better," Fiedler said. But, according to Fiedler, there is a feeling of helplessness among many of the young radicals today, developing out of the war in Vietnam and the developments in the Civil Rights movement. Criticism and Defeat "Young radicals have moved from a full faith in their ability to make changes to feelings of. cynic- ism and defeat, though the justice of their aims is still there," said Fiedler. Tonsor disagreed with Fiedler's assumption that the purpose of the young radicals is one of re- making the world. "The chief im- petus of the radicals is moral energy," he said. Tonsor attacked the position of the young radicals by saying, "Once one deserts the language of rationality and pitches the argu- ment of ethics and morality, to absolutes of good and evil, one enters the compromiseless land of saints and sinners, of Johnson and Boulding, where there is no pos- sibility for even small improve- ments." Zweig's reply to Tonsor's charge was, "I know no way to approach a situation but on the basis of ethics and morals. When Ioral considerations are not taken into account we end up dropping nap- alm and lynching Negroes." Mutually Exclusive Robinson supported Fiedler's assumption that theuunifying fac- tor among the young radicals is a desire "to make this a better world." He added that he did not believe rationality and ethics to be mutually exclusive. "The young radical wants to try to do what seems right. Rather than saying that the world is not perfect and never can be, and us- ing this as an excuse, we' want to use ethics and morality as a basis for change," said Robinson. "If enough people start talking about what's right and good the world will be better." The only conviction held by all four speakers was that there are a lot of things wrong with this world. Each one had a different solution for these*problems. A Hostile Place Tonsor views the world as a basically hostile place. "The whole experience of mankind supports that fact," he said. "We pay a price for every advance we make against the hostile world and that price involves pain.'I want to see a world of freedom. But we can't have freedom without paying the consequences." Robinson argued that, "Freedom doesn't have to be the thing we pay for in terms of hurting some- one. We can at least change the price we have to pay for the free- 'dom.', R obinson's position was that each person must try to develop a better self and "see how the con- text within which we work jives with those values of self. We have to try to live by morality and not some perverted idea of prac- ticality." According to Fiedler, "man pays a price of .pain no matter how he lives. As we sit here we are de- caying. No matter what we do in our lives there will be pain so let's have some pleasure too." By DAVID KNOKE A University researcher in the Medical School's department of psychiatry says that LSD has In- vaded the University campus at a "black market" rate of $5 for a capsule three and a half times as potent as that used in scientific studies. Associate Prof. John C. Pollard, a research psychiatrist at the Mental Health Research Institute, said he had no figures on the in- cidence of LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylanide in Ann Arbor, but said "enormous amounts of mar- ijuana may be used on:this campus" and that hashish is also being used. Pollard made his revelations in a talk before area physicians and high school principals att the Washtenaw County Medical So- ciety meeting Tuesday night at the Town Club. LSD, an hallucogenic drug that is taken internally, is controlled by the federal government. The Sandoz company formerly pro- duced the drug until ordered to turn over its stock to the govern- ment. In an interview Pollard said he was in the midst of several in- vestigations of the drug when the restrictions came; he said further study would be illegal unless per- mission were granted by the gov- ernment which he is seeking. Anti-War Profits? Pollard was quoted in the Ann Arbor News as saying the illegal LSD originates in New York and the profits in Ann Arbor ."go to stop the war and ban the gomb." He elaborated on this remark to The Daily, saying that the folklore of pot, to which he was exposed last spring while interviewing sub- jects for LSD experiments, holds that there are anti-war groups involved in, the distribution. He said he had no direct evidence that this is so. "Non-opiate drug taking in my opinion is not a significant factor in crime," Pollard told the Med- ical Society. He noted that drug- ged persons who commit crimes often have an emotional problem that would have led to crime sim- ilarly under the influence of alco- hol or without any stimulant. The Harrison Act, which con- trols narcotics such as cocain and heroin, also classifies maraijuana as a narcotic. Pollard believes no evidence exists for such a clas- sification. He indicated that his speech to the Medical Society was part of his effort to create a con- cern among doctors towards in- creasing knowledge and research about marijuana that may lead to liberal legislation about drug usage. Cutural Puritanism Pollard attributes the restri- tions on marijuana and LSD to a cultural "puritanism." He. called the "refusal to investigate the myths about marijuana" a direct cause of many young people in the community "whose careers have been absolutely ruined by an overly harsh law." Pollard says he favors an easing of laws curtailing experimental use of the drugs but would re- strict access by the general public Unstructured, Interdisciplinary Format Leads to New A pproaches in IS R Projects By DAVID KNOKE Second of two partsI A tour through the Institute of Social Research building is like a journey through a technological wonderland. The lush carpeted halls muffle the sounds of con- stant activity. being carried on by over 150 clerical staffers. A sepa- rate staff of 20 persons performs computer routines and prepares programs that are the metholo- gical heart of the Institute. A new IBM System 360 com- puter will soon be replacing the outmoded, 1401. A temperature- and-humidity controlled room houses 12 million punched key punchers cards and thousands But statistical scope and bril- liance often obscures from view many of the other activities at ISR. The Group Dynamics Center contains isolation rooms with one- way mirrors for observation, and motion picture cameras to record individual behavior in group situ- ations. ISR maintains constant contact with some 250 field workers across' the nation who gather interviews for surveys. Studies in organiza- tional behavior reach into hospi- tals, factories and corporate of-j fices to investigate social prob- lems first hand. The conflict between basic and applied research resolves itself constructively in ISR's major con- tributions to the social sciences. The interdisciplinary approach, like that at such other University centers as the Mental Health Re- search Institute, blends econo- mists, sociologists, political scien- and physiological changes," says Asst. Director Stanley E. Seashore. A third unit, the Center foi Research on the Utilization of Scientific Knowledge (CRUSK) began work in 1964, directed by Prof. FlaJd C. Mann. Several re- searchers in the two centers and elsewhere on campus had voiced concern about the problems in the organization and handling of in- formation flow encountered by large organizations such as medi- cine, engineering and public school I teaching innovations. Seashore speculates that CRUSK may become a model for possible future additions to ISR, formed at staff or campus-wide initiative along interdisciplinary lines to deal with "whatever needs or op- portunities require a social science response." For instance, a center to study race relations was con- sidered but turned down for the Some of these tasks are studies of specific objectives for a limited lifetime. Others, like Prof. George Katona's continuing study of con- sumer behavior, have been going on for decades. Program areas are fluid in organization, with chan- ging membership over time and amenable to collaboration with other programs and outside organ- izations that use ISR's facilities. Although research has expressed priority, it is only one facet of ISR's multi-dimensional activities. Graduate students are employed by ISR as salaried staff; their number has grown by 50 per cent in the last eight years to 60 stu- dents. Currently, over 30 members of the staff also teach in other departments of the University. The flags of various nations out- side the offices of foreign post- doctoral visitors attest to the esteem which ISR's competence holds around the world. Johnson Moves To Begin Anti-Missile Treaty Talks recommendation that the selective more are added deferment of college students was staff of coders, in the national interest." This basic social data same group concluded that the best siders as well a criteria for deferment would in- (has its own car lude "a level of scholastic apti- to construct wha tude and a demonstrated level of al achievement while incollege.' a apparatus isc ~ ~ Methodological daily by a small and this pool, of a is used by out- s ISR. ISR even rpentry workshop tever experiment- needed. l innovation is By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER 1 WASHINGTON (R) - A new message from President Johnson to Soviet leaders, reported in Mos- cow yesterday, is understood to be designed to open the way for U.S.-Soviet talks on an antibal- listic missile race. U.S. Ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson, new envoy to Moscow -who arrived there yesterday- has been charged by Johnson with primary responsibility for probing Foremost among these at the moment, according to Washington informants, is the threat of ex- panding the nuclear missile race into a new phase with potential costs to the United States of $30 to. $40 billion. One of Thompson's first tasks is to sound out the Russians on possibilities of freezing the nuclear missile balance as it now stands- with both the great powers re- portedly having enough destruc- tive force already available to de- tists, statisticians, demographers present.