TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1967 TUC MICHIGAN ibAll.V To,&f v +r Wlrt i i. ~ 1 ~ iVY. lUril FH Z.ZJl RA L3 1~W PAGE THKE$ I Peking Victor to Determine U.S.-Sino Relations By JOHN X. HIGHTOWER WASHINGTON (P) -- The Uni- ted States stands to gain very lit- tle from the present turmoil in China in the short range. Whether it gains or loses over the long haul depends largely on who wins in Peking. The odds, as judged by U.S. gov- ernment experts on China, now fa- vor Communist party boss Mao Tse-tung to come out on top. if he does not, the experts are not sure who will. The personalities of the successors would be decisive in future U.S.-Chinese relations The question "what will happen to the United States and Com- munist China if Mao loses out" is beginning to be asked seriously by China watchers here and in Hong Kong and Tokyo, even as they discount the possibility that Mao will lose. They think he has great- er command of popular political power than any other possible leader and that he also has the necessary strength in the army. Yet so much of any judgment about China is based on ignorance, and possibly obsolete history, that the experts concede the unexpect- ed may happen and an anti-Mao- ist leadership come to power. In such a case, the experts spec- ulate the trend of relations be- tween Red China and the Soviet Union, now on the verge of a dip- lomatic break, likely would be re- versed. The experts. reason that even though the Soviets have not been very openhanded about aid, charg- ing substantially for their help, they still can be of great economic and military assistance to the Chi- nese. Indeed many U.S. experts on China believe that Mao's break with Russia over Communist par- ty doctrine has been a cause of the opposition to him inside China. Another possible consequence of Mao's replacement could be that China would become much more efficient in developing its resources and military power potential. This might make mainland China more dangerous to U.S. interests in Asia and elsewhere. A third possibility is that a post- Mao leadership in China probably would be interested in stimulating trade with the major industrial nations of Europe and with Japan to help build a modern industry. This could mean increased trade with many other nations but not necessarily with the United States, even though Washington might seek adjustments to encourage trade There are special problems be- tween the United States and Com- munist China which the experts believe probably would long delay improved relations even if Chi- nese policies shifted greatly. One is Formosa, home of the U.S.- supported Chinese Nationalist gov- ernment. Any Peking government is likely to continue to claim For- mosa as its territory. American power is the major obstacle to any expansionist am- bitions the Chinese Communists' may have in Asia-apart from So- viet power north of the Chinese border. U.S. government experts on the Chinese Communists believe the struggle between Mao and his op- ponents is really a fight between his doctrine of permanent revo- lution and the opponents' belief in pragmatic solutions to China's problems. In support of this, the experts recall the failure of Mao's com- mune program and his "great leap forward" program for industrial- izing China in 1958-60. In 1959 China's foreign trade amounted to $4.2 billion. By 1962 the figure had fallen to $2.7 bil- lion. It then began to rise slowly and in 1966, experts estimate, it again exceeded $4 billion. During this period of increase, China's trade was switched from major reliance on European Com- munist markets to major reliance on western markets Experts here believe these chan- ges, plus heavy emphasis on fer- tilizer imports, reflected rising power of Mao's opponents. These experts view both groups of Chinese leaders as committed to communism as a way of life and a political movement, but re- gard the anti-Mao faction as less fanatical and more realistic. Such an analysis, U.S. officials say, does ont give much basis for hope in any early improvement in U.S.-Chinese relations although a decline in tensions should result if ratical men prevail over Maoist zealots., 1 _... _. _ _ . _ _ a zealots. Aircraft Losses Twice ,Commission Investigates Crime Issue Johnson Proposes VIOLENCE IN PEKING: Moscow Rally Protests China Mishandling of Soviet Citizens 'Original Pentagon Report! MOSCOW ()-An orderly crowd Intelligence Reconsiders Releases New Figures Result Of Persistent Inquiries By Pentagon Newsmen WASHINGTON (IP)-The Pen- tagon yesterday upped its publicly released total of airplane losses in Southeast Asia from 622 te 1,172. At the same time officials prepared to hike helicopter losses from 255 to 600. The result was a new official tabulation of both combat and noncombat aircraft losses expected to approach 1,800-twice the 877 currently posted for public distri- bution. The added losses represent air- craft destroyed or damaged ir- reparably due to operational causes-accidents and n o r m a 1 1 wearing out-but also planes downed outside Vietnam, for ex- ample, in Laos or Thailand and aircraft destroyed in attacks on air bases. Anti-Aircraft A Defense Department state- ment said the Pentagon previously had announced cumulative totals only on attack planes and armed helicopters knocked down by Com- munist antiaircraft or missiles be- cause "inquiries from newsmen have focused" on these losses. Nevertheless, yesterday's num- bers change appeared likely to raise quesitons of why the com- plete picture of aircraft losses had not been given more fully. Pen- tagon spokesmen had two replies to this: 1. Military intelligence has steadfastly opposed revealing air- craft losses of any type, not only to avoid giving Hanoi some amount of comfort but also to keep the Soviet Union and Communist China from knowing how much the U.S. aircraft inventory is being drawn down by the Vietnam war. 2. Most of the losses released in cumulative form yesterday have been dribbled out in military com- muniques from Saigon as they occurred although never cranked into running totals of air war losses supplied to the press. A spokesman estimated, however, that perhaps a fourth of these losses never had been announced at. any time. Rep. George Mahon, (D-Tex.), chairman of the House Appropria- tions Committee, said he did not believe the Pentagon had attempt- ed any "covering up" of losses. He said planes lost in training acci- dents or blasted by the enemy while idle on airfields was to be expected. And Chairman Richard B. Rus- sell, (D-Ga.), of the Senate Armed Services Committee said he and other members had known for some time that battle losses were only about half of the (total of planes and helicopters actually destroyed. But Sen. Bourke B. Hickenloo- per of Iowa, senior Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee, called the Pentago dis- closure "fantastic." "This is shocking, when the' administration wants us to believe that it has been disclosing the full extent of war losses to the Amer- ican people," he said. -Associated Press SEN. ROBERT KENNEDY (D-NY) talked to newsmen yesterday at the White House after con- ferring with President Johnson. He had just returned from a trip to several European capitals. At the left is. Undersecretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach, with whom Kennedy talked for two hours before his appointment with the President. Kennedy Denies Peace Rumor Bids from North Vietnamese $633 Million for Aid of 300 Russians massed outside To Law Enforcement the Red Chinese Embassy yester- ~day protesting Red Guard abuse WASHINGTON (A) - President of Soviet citizens in Peking. Later Johnson asked Congress yesterday a number of workers arrived and to declare legislative war on crime pounded on the door but the Chi- and to pump $350 million into the nese refused to admit them. fight in the next two fiscal years. From Peking came repoorts of "We can control crime if we wild disorders at the airport; of will," Johnso said in a special militant young Red Guards man- message to Congress. "We must handling East bloc diplomats, and act boldly, now, to treat ancient of the last 50 dependents from the evils and to insure the public safe- Soviet Embassy running a gaunt- ty. Ilet of shouting and cursing Chi- Crime and the fear of crime nese to board a plane for Moscow. have become a public malady, the {{ h~av enco e pubc maadyThe Japan Broadcasting Corp. President said, so it is "our duty j h. JpnBracatn Cr. to seek its cure with every means ig dispatch from Peking, said at ou commnd."foreign diplomats linked arms to at our command." wall off the Chinese as the depen- As a starter, he asked for $50 dentsowalkedoheane. Ipad- million to finance a Safe Streets dents walked to the plane. It add and Crime Control Act in the 1968 ed that Red Guards pushed the fiscal year which starts this July wives of the French andDash, 1. In the following year, he esti- ambassadors to te ground. mated an additional $300 million Red Guards1 would be needed The demonstrations in front of Local Governments the Chinese Embassy here came But there would be heavy em- after 97 dependents, 60 of them phasis on getting state and local children, arrived from Peking tell- governments to swing their own ing of having to pick their way efforts and funds into the anti- through Red Guards shouting crime campaign. Over the two anti-Soviet slogans at the airport. years, they would be expected to They said Red Guards broke into put up about $283 million. one bus and beat some of the pas- The $633-million total for two, sengers, then pounded the sides of years would go into planning the- battle against crime and into re- search and pilot projects.feWfir. KAOLOS i i h l s K t e b e ,t ef r - Wl oer attorney general who now is, undersecretary of state, said w~hatM es toC I leans to Vie is in the making is "the most com- prehensive, realistic, hard-headed approach to crime ever undertak- LONDON P - A N. Kosy- eninthisd country."s- gin and Harold Wilson plunged Katzenbach headed acommis- last night into world-ranging talks sion Johnson named more than a jbeginning with the quest for peace year and a half ago to investigate in Vietnam They ordered a total the crime problem and come up blackout o eso hi x with a report. This report reachedbc of news of their ex- Johnson's desk two weeks ago and changes. will be made public shortly, the The examination by the Soviet President said, premier and British prime minis- Officials said the program John- ter of possible paths to peace came son laid before Congress is consis- after Wilson was reported working tent with the commission's find- toward at least a temporary cut- ings and recommendations, off of American bombing in North Some Republican leaders found Vietnam. fault with the President's propos- Kosygin, for his part, went into als. House GOP Leader Gerald R. the week-long discussions determ- Ford of Michigan said Johnson's ined to renew Communist demands message "focuses on a number of for an unconditional end to the important problem areas but ne- bombing before any international glects some key points." peacemaking process begins, So- Noting that money and desire viet sources said. are the main ingredients needed The glum-looking Russian pre- for a nationwide attackon crime, mier flew into this chill and foggy Ford said in a statement that, capital yesterday morning to a. "The best way to provide funds warm welcome by Wilson, who for that attack would be through spoke of him as an old friend and federal tax-sharing." a "cool and wise statesman." The GOP leader questioned British-Soviet Conference Johnson's call for a ban on all B wiretapping except in national se- The top-level British-Soviet curity cases. Ford said electronic conference began against a back- listening devices are "an essential ground of mounting chaos in Red 'tool in law enforcement" and China and rising tension between while the privacy of citizens must Moscow and Peking. be protected "we must not throw This background reinforces Ko- out the baby with the bath water." sygin's need to stabilize the Euro- Rep. Carl B. Albert of Okla- pean salieni, where old alliances homa, the House Democratic lead- are crumbling and new loyalties er, said Johnson made clear that shaping up. This has aroused Bri- the administration opposes any tish hopes that Moscow now may effort to dominate local law en- be ready to move towards closer forcement and urged speedy en- cooperation with the West. actment of the President's pro- The proceedings opened in the posals. cabinet room at Wilson's 10 Down- the plane before it took off Sun- day. When the first Russian demon- strators appeared Monday at the Chinese Embassy, they brought a written protest. An embassy offi- cial refused to accept it and said: "We are the true friends of the Soviet working people." "We ought to send the tanks against the lot of you," one Rus- sian shouted, but he was quieted by others. The demonstrators nail- Violent Chinese Outbursts Denounce Communist Bloc TOKYO () - Red China's cul- was manhandled, apparently, but tural revolution took a back seat they had to pass throngs of Red in Peking yesterday while Red Guards screaming insults and Guards and other Chinese poured threats, said Japanese correspon- out their wrath on the Soviet Un- dents. ion and some of its East-bloc al- Red Guards surrounded the Po- lies. lish ambassador, Withold Rodzin- Japanese correspondents report- ski, bawling insults at him. The ed riotous scenes at the airport, official German news agency ADN where about 50 wives and children said its ambassador, Hartin Bier- of Soviet Embassy dependents bach, and other East German dip- flew home, and around the embas- sy itself, where demonstrations were in their 11th day. None of the Soviet dependents rgin Explore tnam Peace ing Street hour-long the formal ed the protest to an embassy gate. the protest to an embassy gate. Soviet police arrived after the fearful Chinese, reported that "hundreds of banner carrying Rus- sians" were descending on the embassy In the tension-packed atmosphere, the Chinese appar- ently feared violence. They have charged that 31 of their diplomats were beaten up last Friday by So- viet police tearing down an anti- Russian display. headquarters. In an tete-a-tete preceding encounter of their two WASHINGTON (MP) - Sen. Ro- bert F. Kennedy, D-N.Y., after talking with President Johnson, said yesterday he did not bring home any peace feelers from North Vietnam from his recent trip to European capitals. Kennedy told newsmen: "I nev- er received the impression that I was any recipient of any peace feelers." Newsweek magazine said Ken- nedy had received a message from North Vietnam via the French government in Paris last week in- dicating willingness to negotiate on ending the Vietnam war if the United States would end the bombing of North Vietnam. Kennedy and Undersecretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach called on Johnson at the White House after Katzenbach had talked for two hours with the senator at his office on Capitol Hill. Katzenbach Katzenbach said he and Ken- nedy had gone over various sub- jects relating to Kennedy's trip and came to the White House to go over the same material with the President Kennedy, in an impromptu news conference in the White House West Lobby, said he had filled in Katzenbach and the President on all of his talks with foreign offi- cials in Europe. Then he added: "I did not bring home any peace feelers." Kennedy remarked that John- son as President had many sour- ces of information and knowledge on the situation in Vietnam. He described the chief executive as making a dedicated and diligent effort to finding a peaceful solu- tion. Dem. Senators As Vietnam discussions here fo- cused on Kennedy, six Democratic senators made floor speeches ur- ging President Johnson to halt the bombing of North Vietnam during the lunar new year which begins Wednesday, and to continue the pause in an effort to spur peace bassy in that capital all denied talks. Kennedy had received any mes-j The six, who have previously ex- sage from the Hanoi government, pressed dissent from the admin- istration's war policies in some de- gree, are: Sens. Vance Hartke of French Indiana, Claiborne Pell of Rhode At the least, some high admin- Island, Wayne Morse of Oregon, istration officials appear to feel Joseph S. Clark of Pennsylvania, that Kennedy received from the Ernest Gruening of Alaska, and French their own assessment of George McGovern of South Dako- the North Vietnamese attitude to- ta. ward peace prospects, including The French Foreign Ministry, the French estimate of what it the North Vietnamese diplomatic would take to get Hanoi to the mission in Paris and the U.S. Em- conference table. World News Roundup teams, Kosygin and Wilson swiftly agreed to include five broad themes in their work program: European Security 1. European security, including the future of divided Germany and her frontiers. 2. The Vietnam war and the search for a first step towards ac- tive peacemaking. 3. Disarmament, with the em- phasis on Soviet-American-British work on a world pace to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. 4 British - Soviet relations, where the focus will be on ways to boost the $500-million annual trade flow and particularly Soviet purchases of British goods and plants. 5. Personal cases, which will al- low Wilson to press again for the release of British lecturer Gerald Brooke, jailed in the Soviet Union for subversive activities. lomats were "brazenly sworn at and violently grabbed hold of." Warsaw In Warsaw, the Polish govern- ment angrily protested the treat- ment of its ambassador. The Po- lish news agency PAP said the Chinese ambassador was summon- ed to the Foreign Ministry and handed a note stressing Poland's "profound indignation." A group of young Communists defaced an anti-Soviet display case outside the Chinese Embassy in Warsaw, smearing it with black paint. The incident was likely to bring a Chinese protest. ADN said the ambassadors and representatives of Bulgaria, Czech- oslovakia,.Hungary and Mongolia were reviled and cursed in the Peking turmoil. A Moscow radio correspondent reported that Red Guards tore down the cast iron gate of the Soviet Embassy in Peking and In- vaded the embassy grounds. He said the demonstrators walked in the garden brandishing placards. Other Reports Other reportos said demonstra- tors gathered in front of the So- viet Embassy and shouted for "the blood of the Soviet people." They smashed at the massive embassy gate and burned effigies of So- viet party chief Leonid I. Brezh- nev and Premier Alexet N. Kosy- gin. They hung coffins on the em- bassy gate. By The Associated Press WASHINGTON - Rep. Adam Clayton Powell notified a special House committee yesterday that he will be on hand Wednesday when it starts its probe of his qualifications to sit as a member of the House. In a brief telegram to the com- mittee, the New York Democrat said he will be accompaneid by counsel, but did not state whether he will actually testify. A committee source predicted Powell will insist that questions be confined to his legal rather than moral qualifications to take his seat. * * * ' SAIGON-The United States disclosed yesterday a massive new assault in an area reported to be the Viet Cong national headquar- ters in South Vietnam and the U.S. commander said, "I'm looking for a fight." Over North Vietnam, bad weath- er closed in on the Red River delta and much of the country to hem- per bombing raids as the United States wound up two years of air assaults on North Vietnam. Military sources said no per- manent halt to the bombing is in sight. COLUMBIA, Mo.-Sen. J. W. Fulbright, (D-Ark.); praised Pres- ident Johnson's foreign policy aims Monday night but accused State Department officials of "putting two and two together and getting 11" in likening Asian communism to Hitler's Germany. Fulbright, chairman of the Senate Foregin Relations Committee, said in a speech for a Stephens College audience that the "honest an decent" aims of Johnson's for- eign policy are to advance Social justice in Asia, Africa and Latin America. "p uP For resen call 66 LUNCH-DISCUSSION TUESDAY, February 7, 12:00 Noon Subject: ROBLEMS OF CULTURAL ASSIMILATION IN ISRAEL" SPEAKER: PROF. ELIEZER GOLDMAN, Bar-Ilon University, Israel ations, 2-5529 Sponsored by the Ecumenical Campus Center U THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF MUSIC AND DEPARTMENT OF ART C e en I GOUNOD'S OPERA: a4 "FAUST" (English translation by Josef Blatt) February 23 through 26, 8 P.M. UN ION-LEAGUE °"° EGEMASS MEETING for LABOR DAY WEEKEND All Committee Positions Available IT'S HERE Now on Sale * I ~ . I- ,.