TUESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1967

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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TUESDA, JANARY 3, 1967THE ~I~tI.IN lilYt3A £V #1R~~

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Caribbean Nations May Bar

A- Weapons in Area

UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. ()-
Twenty'-one Latin-American
Caribbean countries, working from
agreements reached here, may soon
finish drafting a treaty to bar nu-
clear weapons from their region.
But Cuba, Puerto Rico and the+
Virgin Islands are not likely to
come'under it.
Representatives of the 21 coun-1
tries-all in the area except Bar-
bados, Cuba and Guyana-meet+
in Mexico City today in the fourth
session of the Preparatory Com-
mission for the Denuclearization1
of Latin America, which began
work there in November, 1964.

They will consider recommen-;
dations from a coordinating com-
mittee as to the wording of seven
articles not agreed on previously
in the 26-article treaty. That com-
mittee-Brazil, Ecuador, El Salva-
dor, Haiti and Mexico-met here
Dec. 27 and 28.
In its report to the commission,
the committee urged that every
effort be made to have the treaty
open for signature at the closing
meeting of the coming session.
With that in mind, it advised them
to send representatives that could
stay long enough to finish it and
with full powers to sign it.

The treaty would be open to all
Latin-American republic and other
undisputedly sovereign countries"
"situated in their entirety south!
of the latitude 30 degrees north,";
which runs through New Orleans.t
It would also be open to otherc
countries with international re-
sponsibility for territories in that
area "with reference to the ter-
ritories in respect of which theyc
agree to accept the obligations"<
arising out of it.

sion:
"We do
cluded in
free zone
since that
Commonwe
cause of its
ship with t
"In the
areas in tl
deal with
affecting of
Foster'sI

Canal Zone in the nuclear-free
not wish to have in- sector, provided it retained the
the proposed nuclear right of transit of nuclear wea-
in the Virgin Islands, pons. The Guantanamo Naval
is U.S. territory, or the Base would also be included if
ealth of Puerto Rico, be- Cuba agreed.
international 'telation- But Cuba will have nothing to1
the United States. do with the treaty while the Unit-
case of both of these ed States retains its nuclear wea-
he United States must pons.1
disarmament problems Cuban Foreign Minister Paul
ther nuclear powers." Roa told the U.N. General As-c
letter-which was reaf- sembly last Oct. 18:
t Aug. 29 by Fulton "We would only consider this
U.S. ambasador to Mex- idea if it included the denuclear-
he United States would ization of the only nuclear power1
elusion of the Panama in our hemisphere and thus the

abolition of its military bases in
Panama and Puerto Rico and its
naval base at Guantanamo."
The treaty would bind the par-
ties to prevent the testing, use,
manufacture, production, acquisi-
tion, receipt, storage, installation,
deployment and "any form of pos-
session" of nuclear weapons on the
territories covered.
The coordinating committee rec-
ommended a compromise on the
question of how it should come
into effect. Mexico and oth-rs had
wanted the treaty to take effect
between countries ratifying it just
as soon as they had done that.

Brazil and others had wanted it
to take effect only when all those
countries to which it was open had
ratified it and when all the nuclear
powers had ratified a separate
agreement to respect the denu-
clearized status of Latin America.
In the recommended comprom-
ise, the treaty would take effect
in general only when these two
requirements had been fulfilled.
But any country signing it would
have the right to file a waiver of
these requirements along with its
instrument of ratification. For

any such country the treaty would
take effect immediately.
The proposed agreement of the
nuclear powers has run into
trouble. Alfonso Garcia Robles of
Mexico, chairman of the prepara-
tory commission, told the General
Assembly's main political commit-
tee last Nov. 9 that Communist
China had refused to support it.
Peking objected that the treaty
was backed by the United Nations
which has refused to seat Commu-
nist China, and would serve no
useful purpose so long as the
United States retains nuclear
arms.

On Dec. 10, 1965, Director Wil- firmed las
liam C. Foster of the U.S. Arms Freeman, I
Control and Disarmament Agency ico-said ti
wrote the preparatory commis- agee to in


Pro-Western
Party Wins
In japan
Sato's Liberal Dems
Swamp Red-Oriented
Socialist Opponents
TOKYO (R) - Prime Minister
Eisaku Sato's pro-Western Liberal
Democrats have returned to power,
his pro-Peking Socialist opponents
have suffered a severe setback, and
a new third force has emerged in
Japanese politics.
These developments 'stood out
today in final returns in Sunday's
general election for a new House
of Representatives.
Ahead of Sato lies a possibly,
crucial period for U.S.-Japan rela-
tions, with the American-Japanese.
security treaty due to come up for
review in 1970. The election out-
come was bound to reinforce Sato's
position and to dull Commuist and
Socialist efforts to get Japan to
scrap the treaty.
Chinese Chaos
Communist China's chaos clear-
ly hurt the leftists more than cor-
ruption charges damaged Sato.
Although his conservative party
slipped in popular vote to less than
50 per cent for the first time
since the war, it won 277 seats in
the 486-member House - seven
more places than Sato had pre-
dicted.
The Socialists took 140, 30 less
than they had expected to win.
In between, the anti-Commu-
nist Democratic Socialist and the
Buddhist Komeito-clean govern-
ment-parties were the real win-
ners. Their emergence pointed a
new political force that could exer-
cise considerable influence In
Japanese politics in the future.
The Democratic Socialists won
0 seats, seven more than they had
in the old House. The Komeito,
making a debut in a lower House
election, obtained 25 seats, al-
though the party had only 32 can-
didates.
Kozo Sasaki, chairman of the
Socialist party, was elected. Mr.
Sasaki is the leader of the pro-
Peking faction, which has held
control of the party for more than
two years. His chief lieutenant, the
party's secretary general, Tomo-
mi Narita, was also elected. Lead-
ing Liberal Democrats elected in-
cluded Mr. Stato's brother and
predecessor as Premier, Nobosuke
Kishi, and Takeo Miki, the Min-
ister of Foreign Affairs.
Reckoning with Minority
Until now the Liberal Demo-
crats and the Socialists have dom-
inated Japanese politics. Now the
Democratic Socialists and the
Komeito must be reckoned with,
for Japanese political etiquette
frowns on a majority running
roughshod over a sizeable minor-
ity.
Sato, 65, winning his first elec-
tion since he became prime min-
ister, was all smiles despite the
popular vote loss. For one thing
he could count on eight of the
nine independents voting with his
party. The ninth promised to back
the Socialists.
Apparently most of the Liberal
Democrat losses were to the Demo-
cratic Socialists and the Komeito,
largely because of so-called "black
mist" corruption charges leveled
against Sato's government.
The Socialists also had tainted
some Socialists, and the Peking

events added further injury. Sato
repeatedly reminded voters of the
China turmoil.
Sato indicated he planned no
big changes in his government.

f-Associa
SALUTE TO APOLLO ASTRONAUT
Saluting to the caskets of the Appolo I astronauts as their caskets are loaded on an Ai
plane at Cape Kennedy yesterday are from left: Maj. Gen. Vincent Huston, commander
Eastern Test Range; Dr. Kurt Debus, director of the Kennedy Space Center; and Astrona
Frank Borman. At right the color guard lowers the flags in salute.
FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP:
Johnson Submits Proposals
To Curb Widespread Pollut

WASHINGTON (A) -- President
Johnson called yesterday for an
all-out assault on air pollution. He
said the problem is growing worse
and endangering the nation's
health.
"The economic loss from pol-
lution amounts to several billions
each year," Johnson said in a spe-
cial message to Congress.
"But the loss in human suffer-
ing and pain is incalculable."
Unless regulatory and research
efforts are strengthened, Johnson

said, "ten years from now, when
industrial production and waste
disposal have increased and the
number of automobiles on our
streets exceeds 110 million, we
shall have lost the battle for
clean air."
Federal-State Partnership
Johnson asked for legislation to
strengthen the hand of the fed-
eral government. But he stressed
that federal action alone cannot
solve the problem.
"The states, the cities, and pri-

World News Roundup

NEW YORK-Trading volume
on the New York Stock Exchange
soared yesterday to the highest
monthly level in history.
The avalanche of transactions
in the first 20 trading days of
January reflected a resurgence of
confidence that exploded at the
beginning of the new year.
Brokers said the renewed in-
terest in the market-especially
by big institutions controlling bil-
lions of dollars in ready cash-was
due in big part to the easing of
credit and doubt that President
Johnson's recommendation of a
6 per cent surcharge increasing in-
come taxes would get through
Congress.
* * *
SAIGON, South Vietnam-The
U.S. Army rounded out its Mekong
River delta fighting force yester-
day with the landing of the final
unit of the 15,000-man 9th Infan-
try Division on Vietnamese soil.
The division's mission is range
through the Viet Cong heartland
and smash the enemy's chief net-
work of recruiting and supply.
The 3,200 men of the 9th's 2nd
Brigade came ashore at Vung Tau,
40 miles southeast of Saigon, as
the war continued at its slackened
pace of small, scattered actions.
This raises the number of Amer-
ican troops in South Vietnam to
over 404,000.
* '* *
WASHINGTON - President
Johnson's administration told Con-
gress Monday that unless the debt
limit is raised, the Treasury may

be paying only half the nation's
bills in March.
Secretary of the Treasury Henry
H. Fowler asked for a $7-billion
increase in the temporary $330-
billion limit on the amount that
may be borrowed to cover Treasury
deficits.
Treasury payments to more than
25 million people, including Social
Security, veterans pension and re-
tirement pay will be in jeopardy
after March 1 unless the Treasury
gets more borrowing power, Fowler
told the House Ways and Means
Committee.
TOKYO-Communist China said
today "millions upon millions" of
its people had demonstrated
against alleged Soviet beatings of
Chinese students in Moscow and
Iraq.
In an official protest over the
Iraq incident, the Chinese Foreign
Ministry warned the Russians:
"Each and every debt of blood
which you have incurred must be
repaid in full."
Peking's New China News Agen-
cy NCNA, reporting anti-Soviet
demonstrations Sunday and yes-
terday, said a note protesting the
Iraq incident had been delivered
to the Soviet Embassy in Peking
Monday.
The note followed a sharp pro-
test from Moscow Sunday over Red
Guard demonstrations at the
Soviet Embassy in the Chinese
capital. The Soviet note appeared
to hint at steps toward a break
in diplomatic relations.

vate industry must comr
selves more fully, moref
and with a new sense-o
to America's struggle
poisoned air," he said.
To this end, Johns
recommendation was f
quality law to permit tl
of emission control leve
dustries that contribute
air pollution.
HEW Empowere
The Department of He
cation and Welfare wou
thorized to designate ind
interstate commerce1
significant sources of
tion, public emission1
them, and provide each
opportunity to adoptE
or stricter levels.
The federal levels wo
in those states which do
their own.
While the message to
other subjects such as
safety and beauty, develi
natural resources, park;
ness areas and scenic r
emphasis was on air po
Johnson proposed the
ment of regional comm
enforce pollution control
in "air sheds" which c
and local boundaries. TI
missions would establish
air-quality level for maj
of polllution, including
sources.
Auto Inspection
Another recommendat
the inspection of autom
a regular basis to deterr
tinued effectiveness of
control devices, required
and future models. Fede
would be provided on a
basis to help the states
inspection programs fo
pollution control.
Johnson's recomm
would add about $18 mill
to pollution programs, br
total to $84 million. Mc
additional money woul
research, but there woul
for other purposes suc
proposed regional comm
Johnson told Congre
directing HEW Secretary
Gardner to begin a new
program, on the effectsc
additivies and their co
to air pollution.

Mao Urges
'Alliance' To
Crush Foes
Intended To Counter
Liu's Rising Strength,
Trouble in Sinkiang
TOKYO (P )- Mao Tse-tung'si
leadership, rocked by weeks of
civil strife, admittted Monday its
followers were divided, and called
for a shift in strategy- -a "greatj
alliance to crush Mao's foes.
The official People's Daily said!
"petty bourgeois ideology" exists
among followers of the 73-year-
old party chairman and these dif-
ferences must be overcome before:
an alliance can be formed.
"Only when such an alliance is
forged is it possible to engage suc-
ted Press cessfully in a struggle to seize
Spower," said the article, broad-
S cast by Radio Peking.
r Force "Any hasty attempt to seize
of the power without this alliance isI
ut Maj either empty talk or an ill-con-t
t sidered action that is bound to beI
unsuccessful."
Trouble in Sinkiang
This indication that Mao's foest
-presumably the followers oft
President Liu Shao-chi-are strong
came against the backdrop of seri-
ous trouble for Mao in Sinkiang,
China's northwest province bor-
dering the Soviet Union.
Wall posters said that whilet
some army units loyal to Mao had
"surrounded rebel army" units, a
mit them- certain leader was ignoring Pre-
effectively mier Chou En-lai's Instructions
f urgency that all army units move in to
against crush resistance.
This presumably was a reference
on's first to Gen. Wang En-mao, political
he setting and military boss of Sinkiang who
Ls for in- has been denounced in Peking.
heavily to Other wall posters last week said
Wang was backed by seven of theF
d eight army divisions in Sinkiang.
alth, Edu- The Japanese Kyodo News1
rld be au- Agency said wall posters reported
Justries in the situation was still fluid around
that are Ehihhotze, a new city built in thef
air pollu- desert northwest of Urumchi, Sin-f
levels for kiangs capital. The posters con-t
state an firmed that clashes there, which
equivalent were reported to have killed more
than 100 persons, were between a
uld apply 10,000-man army of ex-soldiers
not adopt and a motorized battalion loyal to
Mao.
)uched on "a
highway "Grand Alliances" All Over
opment of With People's Daily calling for
s, wilder- "a great alliance," the theoretical
ivers, the journal Red Flag weighed in with
Ilution, the report that resistance was
establish- continuing despite army supporti
aission to for Mao's workers and peasants.I
measures "The battle to seize power is at
ross state life and death struggle between
hese com- the revolutionaries and the bour-t
h regional geois," Red Flag said. It added
or sources that "without unity, power seized
industrial would be lost again."
Red Flag referred to the big1
S srport city of Shanghai and Shansi
ion is for Province in the north, where Mao-
obiles on ist forces claimed victories. It saidE
mune con- that even there, those ousted were
pollution trying to win back authority. 1
I on 1968
eral funds The Peking correspondent of the
matching Tokyo paper Asahi said a move1
establish had started in the Chinese capital
r vehicle among Red Guards to form a,
"great alliance" there.
endations Asahi reported three head-
ion a year quarters had been set up withc
inging the liaison offices to work an al-,
ost of the liance among peasants, workers,1
d go for soldiers, students and merchants.,
d be funds The People's Daily article was1
h as the pegged to what it said was thet
issions. " seizure of power in the port of

ess he is Tsingtao. in Shantung Province
Y John W. on the east coast. It said a great7
v research alliance of Maoist forces made the
of all fuel seizure possible. But it admittedE
ntribution difficulties elsewhere in the
country.1

Student, Worker Riots
Mount in Franco Spain

WASHINGTON (Y) --Retired
diplomat George Kennan urged
Americans yesterday to put the
cold war behind them, and said
neither Moscow nor Peking plotted
the war in Vietnam as a test of
Western determination.
iKennan, who once represented
the United States in Moscow and
in Yugoslavia, called the Amer-
ican bombing of North Vietnam
extravagent, and said the conflict
in South Vietnam apparently be-
gan as a civil war.
"I regard the entire involvement
as an unfortunate one," Kennan
said. But "I support the admin-
istration in its unwillingness to
get out of Vietnam in any ignom-
inous way."
Foreign Policy Scrutinized
Kennan thus keynoted a re-
newal of the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee's inquiry into
the conduct of American foreign
policy.
Kennan spoke hopefully of the
prospects for an easing of East-
West tensions, and said the unity
of the Communist bloc is a matter
of the past.
"This humpty dumpty will not
and cannot be reassembled," he
said and went on to say that if
U.S. policymakers ignore basic
shifts in the Communist world
they may miss the only chance to

avoid the holocaust of nuclear
wvar.
Kennan said also that nuclear
war before the end of this century
is more probable than possible un-
less arrangements are wor'ked out
to bar the spread of nuclear wea-
pons.
In dealing with Communist'
powers, he said, the United States
should stand firm in the great.'
crucial matters, but seek accom-
modations on other topics. In that
regard, he urged swift approval of

the proposed consular convention
with the Soviet Union.
The pact envisions the opening
of a Soveit consulate in the United
States and of an American post
in Leningrad.
Perhaps the most notable op-
ponent of the consular agreement
has been FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover. He has stated that the,
added. Soviet personnel would
make the spy-fighting task of his
agency more difficult.

Pontiff, Podgorny Discuss
Soviet Catholics, Viet Nam

MADRID (P)-Spanish student
and worker protests over police
arrests snowballed yesterday into
a violence-studded problem for the
government of Gen. Francisco
Franco.
At Madrid University, where
students and security forces clash-
ed in a pitched battle of stones
and clubs, many students were
detained. At least three foreign
newsmen observing the clashes
were beaten by police.
Witnesses estimated at least 50
students and police were injured,
some seriously, as the police barred
a student attempt to march to the
rectors' office to demand release
of classmates seized after a similar
struggle last Friday.
Coal Miner Strike
At the same time, more than
7,000 miners in the Asturias coal
field 280 miles north of Madrid
began a strike, demanding free-
dom for 10 leftist-oriented union
representatives arrested for what
the civil governor said was in-
stigation of a Communist-inspired,
24-work stoppage.
There were other strikes, in
Madrid and Barcelona, as author-
ities sought to end the snowballing
movement of students and work-
ers.
At Barcelona more than 5,000
textile workers left their posts, de-
manding the release of workers
detained last Friday during at-
tempts of opposition groups to
swing a massive protest demon-
stration across the nation.
About 15,000 Madrid employees
of the American-controlled Stan-
dard Electric Co., began a similar
work stoppage for the same reason.
But they returned to their jobs
within half an hour-and chal-
lenged the management to do any-
thing about their action.
Protest High Costs
The workers' demonstrations
Friday were to protest high living
costs and to seek a doubling of the
existing $1.40 a day minimum
wage. The students demonstrated
to show support for the workers.

Yesterday's violence was limited
to the sprawling campus of Spain's
largest institution of learning,
Madrid University. After a quiet
morning, there was an outbreak
of fighting when police halted the
student march.
Students countered a clubswing-
ing police charge by hurling a
barrage of stones, felling several
officers. *
Aldo Trippini, manager of the
United Press International office
in Spain, and two other foreign
newsmen who were watching the
conflict found themselves under
attack by police.

VATICAN CITY (P) - Soviet
President Nikolai V. Podgorny and
Pope Paul VI met yesterday in the
first papal audience for any Com-
munist of such high rank. Infor-
mants said they discussed the idea
of keeping contact other than
through diplomatic channels.
War in Vietnam and Catholic
religious life in the Soviet Union
were part of the conversation dur-
ing the 70 minutes they were to-
gether. The audience .was unof-
ficial but the Vatican surrounded

FOREIGN RELATIONS HEARING:
Kennan Wants Cold War End,
Criticizes U.S. Asian Role

it with unusual protocol and cere-
mony.
Podgorny went to the Vatican at
the end of a week-long official
visit to Italy after signing a com-
munique with Italian officials call-
ing for a conference of Eastern
and Western European nations to
discuss various problems.
A brief Vatican communique
said the Pope and the Soviet pres-
ident spoke about "the mainten-
ance of peace" and "problems
about religious life and the pres-
ence of the Catholic church on
Soviet territory."
Four bombs had exploded at
Italian Communist party offices
during Podgorny's Italian visit,
and another bomb had damared
a Rome parish church on the eve
of the audience.
Pope Paul greeted Podgorny at
the doorway of his studio. Seated
around the Pope's desk throughout
the audience were the Vatican's
secretary of state, Amleto Car-
dinal Cicognani, several prelates
and the Soviet ambassador to
Italy.
Relations Broken in 1917
Informants said the idea of spe-
cial representation; short of re-
storing diplomatic relations that
were broken with the 1917 Bolshe-
vik Revolution was discussed. The
Vatican and Communist- Yugo-
slavia agreed last year to resume
representation but without ac-
cording diplomatic status.

LUNCH-DISCUSSION
TUESDAY, January 31, 12:00 Noon
Subject:
"THE POLITICAL COMPLEXITIES IN
MODERN-DAY JAPAN"
SPEAKER: MR. YOSHIO HIDA (Japan)
Graduate Student in Political Science
For reservations, Sponsored by the
call 662-5529 Ecumenical Campus Center

BENEFIT POETRY READING
FAREWELL
JEROME BADANES
WED., FEB. 1, 8:30 P.M.
UNION BALLROOM-$1.50
Tickets available at Fishbowl Table,
Voice office, Centicore, and at the Door
Sponsored by. Voice-SDS

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REFUNDS on TICKETS for
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Fraternity Open Rush

A FAREWELL BENEFIT
POETRY READING
BY
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