THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 1967 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAG r THREN THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 1987 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE Thai EDITtIR'S NOTE: Thailand's bat- te against a Communist insurgency in its northeast has raised the specter of another conflict similar to that in Viet Namn. But AP mili- tary writer Fred Hoffman, who vis- ited Thailand after several months in Viet Nam, found promising dif- ferences between the situation in Thailandsand that in Viet Nam. This article is the second in a four- part series. By FRED HOFFMAN BANGKOK, Thailand OP) - Striking similarities exist between the Communist insurgent move- ment now being fought in Thai- land and that in South Vietnam, which grew into a major military, struggle. But the differences between the two are more numerous-and in every case favor the West against the Communists. As in Vietnam, the rebellion in Thailand is supported and foster- ed from North Vietnam and Red China. Guerrilla War Favors Western Interests Red China began trying to bring off a Communst takeover in Thai- land 17 years ago with the estab- lishment of the "Free Thai Move- ment" and has greatly intensified' its efforts in the last three years. Thai Premier Thanom Kitti- kachorn asserted in mid-December that his government has "definite evidence" to prove that North Vietnam is supporting and nour- ishing the Communist terrorism. Most U.S. and Thai authorities say the insurgents, whose num- bers are generally estimated at about 1,000, are largely indigenous, as theyrwere in South Vietnam at the start. The Thai dissidents are using methods tried and proven effective by the Viet Cong. They have set out to terrorize the villagers and beat them into submission and support. They are striking at au- thority by assassinating and mo- lesting local officials and teachers. Disinterest In both countries, the central government has a history of being remote and to a considerable ex- tent disinterested in the well-being of peasants upcountry. Local police and government functionaries in both countries have a history of corruption and exploitation of villagers and peas- ants. But there are fundamental dif- ferences, some of which are rooted deep in centuries of tradition, his- tory and institutions. The Thai insurgents lack the patriotic glamor of the Viet Cong -they cannot, like the Vietnam- ese guerrillas, claim to be carry- ing forward a war for independ- ence. Independent Thailand never was a colony, as Indochina was under the, French for a century. Thai institutions evolved over 600 years of nation- hood. "This is a country-not a mass of people in search of an identity," one student of Thailand's history observes. "Nobody ever came in and rip- ped up the political and social values and institutions by the roots." Although there is discontent in the northeast, observers say the villages are not in ferment, "a seething mass of discontented peo- ple just is not here." Military Oligarchy The Thai government is an au- thoritarian one, run by a military oligarchy. But it is not a "harsh" dictatorship. While there appears to be no great enthusiasm for the military- led government, there seems to be no great resentment either. In short, the Thais are politi- cally passive Even students, normally the most volatile elements in many countries, are seemingly docile. Constitution At a recent soccer game between two national universities, some students carried placards saying: "We are waiting for the constitu- tion"-an appointed assembly has been drafting a constitution for eight years. Government leaders forecast' completion of the new document by midyear, 'with elections to fol- low in about six months. There is some opposition to this idea among powerful elements of the military oligarchy ruling Thai- land. The last elections more than nine years ago were nullified by the military leaders. King is Unifier Although King Bhumibol, 39. is only a constitutional monarch, he is a unifying influence among the people and a tempering in- i fluence on the military govern- ment chiefs. Not even the Communist in- surgents criticize the royal family. "There is in being a very ef- fective government that recognizes the problem in the northeast and is moving to meet it at a very early stage," said an American political expert. Viet Cong Terror In Vietnam, the government of President Ngo Dinh Diem was on- ly about three years old when the Viet Cong began the campaign of assassination and terror. Diem never exercised more than slight political control over most of South Vietnam-and there were sizable Communist strongholds, entirely denied to him and his forces. The apparatus of Vietnamese local government, such as it was, was ripped apart after the Viet Cong began open armed attacks in 1960. The reverse is true in Thailand, although local government cer- tainly has been deficient in the northeast. Security Problem "The Thais are not handling their security problems by sending people to shoot everybody who's suspect," an American official said. "They recognize the need to combat the problem economically." And in this. economic counter-, attack, the Thais are aided by a firm national economy and a rising national and personal in- come. "The Baht, their monetary unit, is more solid than the dollar," said an American economist. American Programs While the Thai government machinery is no model by Western standards, it functions compara- tively well .And the Thais are be- ginning to enjoy the fruits of American programs under which young Thais were trained, many in U.S. universities, starting in the 1950s. Of utmost importance is the fact that the Thai government has the chance to redress the injust- ices and neglect of the north- easterners while the country is at peace. In Vietnam, the difficulty of accomplishing 'nation building" while the country is racked by war still defies solution. Apart from all these factors, there is one more whose impor- tance cannot be dismissed-reli- gion. "Buddhism here is a cohesive binding presence-over there it was divisive," said an American who lived through the Buddhist- fomented unrest in Vietnam. Peking Radio Admits Gain MONSOONS HINDER: U.S. Continues Bombing Pace, Has No Plan To Halt Attacks Of Liu Forces In Cities Mao and Liu Factions Are Deadlocked, Red Guard Posters Deride Purge, Favor Anti-Mao Leadership TOKYO (P)-Red China's radio acknowledged yesterday that Mao- Tse-tung's rivals were firmly en- trenched in Peking, where one report said wall posters appeared praising Mao's arch foe, President Liu Shao-chi. Radio Peking spoke of dissidents loyal to Liu still holding "bastions of counterrevolutionary revision- ism" in the Red capital, and re-' ported similar conditions in the big 15ort of Shanghai. Only Tues- day, the Mao faction was claiming a big victory~ in Shanghai. On the basis of this and other reports, it appeared that the Mao and Liu factions were deadlocked in their struggle for power. Japanese press reports said youthful Red Guards were swarm- ing into Peking's police head- quarters, hospitals and schools claiming the places were still oc- cupied by "bourgeois reaction- aries." The correspondent of the Jap- anese Broadcasting Corp. said !wall posters appeared in Peking during the day defending Liu and denouncing Mao's purge lead- ers as "opportunists." In the latter criticism were purge chief Chen Po-ta and Mao's wife, Chiang Ching, who is Chen's deputy. Radio Moscow predicted the masses eventually will win over "Mao and his group," which is violently anti-Soviet. In a Japa- nese language broadcast, Moscow said: "Farmer and workers are opposing Maoist policy which is striking a direct blow to their vital interests." Saying clashes between Red Guards and worker-farmers were increasing, the broadcast said: "The Communist and Labor par- ties the world over firmly be- lieve that the Chainese people will eventually find "a way out of the, present difficult situation." According to wall posters, the Tokyo paper Yomturi's Peking correspondent said, pro-Mao Red Guards from Peking law academy and pro-Mao revolutionary rebels of the public security headquar- ters had seized and were super- vising police headquarters. They acted with the blessing's of Mao's wife and the pu.jlic security min- ister, Hsien Fu-chih. Asahi's Peking correspondent said wall papers reported that the pro-Mao revolutionary group had seized control of Hsieh Ho Hospital. Court Denies Protection To Powell Arrest, Imprisonment Possible Upon Entry Into New York Area WASHINGTON (MP - Pentagon a grave with 19 previously felled sources said Wednesday the by air or ground strikes. This in- United States is continuing bomb- creased -to 495 the announced toll ing of Vietnam at approximately on the enemy through 11 days' of its earlier pace and has no plans Operation Cedar Falls, the war's to halt the raids. biggest offensive. These sources -provided figures A booby-trapped tunnel yielded showing that the number of at- 82 enemy weapons, including four tacks in recent, weeks has changed 1machine guns. only slightly. This change was at- U.S, Army helicopters and Viet- tributed to poor visibility result- names soldiers hunted .along the ing from the winter monsoon. central coast for Michele Ray, 26, In November-before controver- a blonde French free-lance photo- 'sial Dec. 13 and 14 raids on the Hanoi area-the Air Force was flying 122 sorties a day over North I Vietnam. World Now, In January. with worsening weather. the number of sorties dropped to 115 per day. WASHINGTON - The Justice dcri aflimht }i n 1n acrial crr thA 'F d Pr grapher and former model who vanished Tuesday. Her parents in Nice, France, shared with American authorities a fear that she was in Viet Cong hands. They said that, in planning a film on "Men in War," she had remarked that she wanted to get the Viet Cong, side, as well as the American, "and the. best way to get there is to have myself kid- naped." 's Roundup. 4 A sortie is a ign ty one plane: Department. asked te xeaerai WASHINGTON (/P)-Rep. Adam. against one target. Communications Commission on Clayton Powell Jr. lost another The U.S. Command in Saigon yesterday to . reconsider its ap- battle yesterday, this time in the describes air operations over proval of the merger of the Amer- North Vietnam only in terms of ican Broadcasting Co. and the In- U.S. Supreme Court. missions - which can consist of ternational Telephone & Tele- Faced with the prospect of im- varying numbers of aircraft graph Co. mediate arrest and imprisonment against one or more targets. The Justice Department said if he sets foot in New York City, The sortie rate has been labeled the FCC had not given the merger the Harlem Democrat had asked secret in recent months to prevent adequate 'onsideration and it Justice John M. Harlan for the the Communists from knowing strongly hinted that if its request right to visit his home city with- how many planes were being used is not granted the government out winding up in jail. over North Vietnam. may' take the case to court. This Harlan refused to do, with- Pentagon sources, however, felt The FCC approved the merger out explanation or comment. it important to show that the U.S. s The arrest order, one of the ;air effort has not changed meas- last Dec. 21, just D1 hours after many troubles that have beset urably, since the recent contro- receiving a Justice Department Powell, was issued Nov. 28 by versy over civilian deaths result-'memo on the matter. from the serialization of the book. Stern, which bought German seri- alization rights from Look, has refused to make deletions request- ed by Mrs. John F. Kennedy and concurred in by Look. Look, with the book's author, William Manchester as coplaintiff, charged the Daily News in a fed- eral court complaint in Chicago with "unfair competition; and deliberate impairment of rights of contract." WASHINGTON - The Penta- gon plans to merge or shut down 39 military activities-including 33 in 18 states and six overseas-it was learned yesterday. The Army, Navy and Air Force are affected. Sources said major actions will include merging of four East Coast naval districts into two larger ones and consolidation of two West Coast districts. There also will be a major consolidation of activities at the big Wright- Patterson Air Force Base at Fair- born, Ohio. -Associated Press PRESIDENT JOHNSON ACCEPTED yesterday the resignation of Secretary of Commerce John T. Connor, right, and named Asst. Secretary Alexander B. Trowbridge, left, as acting secretary. The White House indicated Johnson does not plan to nominate a full successor to Connor, at least in the foreseeable future pending congressional action on his proposal to merge the Commerce and Labor Departments into a single department of business and labor. BIPARTISAN ACTION: Antifilibuster Rule Cange Defeated bySenate, 5- Justice Arthur Markewich ofthe New York State Supreme Court. It stemmed from Powell's con- viction on criminal contempt of court charges and is enforceable on any day of the week lncludinz ing from bombing. The sources said poor weather' has forced the cancellation of about 2 per cent of the air attacks over North Vietnam in recent weeks. till idy flayUl tal: Wbrl ilreluultgn Sunday. But reduced visibility resulting New York City from fog, overcast and rain clouds So ar s i knwnPowllhas caused as many as three- So far as is known, Powell ari ftesi ad ce e hasn't been in New York City fourths of the air raids scheduled since, nor has he stood in his for north of Hanoi to be diverted pulpit at the Abyssinian Baptist to targets in southern areas, they church in Harlem, of which he is Tdsaid. the minister.j The sources said the shift of raids as required by season Ten days ago, on the same day weather conditions should not be that House Democrats stripped interpreted as a change in.bomb- 'Powell of his chairmanship of the ing policy. Education and Labor Committee, In military action yesterday, a the congressman's attorney filed B52 fire raid lofted pillars of a motion with Harlan asking that smoke from jungles that have the arrest order be blocked while sheltered Viet Cong for 20 years. Powell appeals it in the courts. The aim was to destroy trees, Harlan turned thumbs down. brush and vines and open up the And the justice, whose area of Communist stamping ground to judicial responsibility includes visual observation and attack. New York, also refused to block American troops in the adjacent enforcement of a $164,000 damage Iron Triangle reported they killed award to Esther James, a Harlem 20 more Viet Cong and uncovered woman Powell had been found - NEW YORK - Look magazine announced yesterday that it has brought separate lawsuits against the Chicago Daily News and the German magazine Stern over the book, "The Death of a President." In a statement, Look accused the Daily News of breaking, an embargo on publishing material Subscribe to The e Michigan Daily n, !i I Dept. of Comparative Literature presents WASHINGTON (IP-The Sen- ate dealt a double blow yesterday to efforts to open the way for a vote on easing its antifilibuster rule. The result apparently means that Rule 22, which requires a two-thirds majority of senators voting to choke off a filibuster, will continue unchanged. The key vote was a 61-37 re- fusal to table a point of order raised by Senate Republican Lead- er Everett M. Dirksen of Illinois against a move to halt debate on the issue by the majority vote. Dirksen, attacking the cutoff motion made by Sen. George Mc- Govern (D-S.D.) said: "This is a summary motion to chop off de- bate in this body." The GOP leader insisted that. Senate debate can be ended only by a two-thirds majority of sen- ators voting. McGovern has been trying since the new Congress convened last week to bring about a Senate vote on his "middle way" proposal for relaxing Rule 22. His plan would make it possible to invoke debate-limiting cloture by a three-fifths majority, instead of the present two-thirds. Critics contend that adoption of the Mc- Govern plan would be a foot in the door for those who want to cut the required margin down to a majority of 51 of the 100 sen- ators. After refusing 61 to 37 to reject Dirksen's point of order, the Sen- ate went on to vote 59 to 37 af- firmatively to sustain it. Senate Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana then an- nounced that he and Dirksen and others will file a cloture petition Thursday to end debate on Mc- Govern's motion to take up his proposed three-fifths rule. Under the rules, the Senate will vote on this next Tuesday and un- less the McGovern supporters can muster a two-thirds majority- and they concede they cannot- their cause is lost. Only two of the 100 senators were absent when Wednesday's pivotal vote was taken. They were Sens. Vance Hartke (D-Ind.), who was reported by aides to be at- tending an educational confer- ence in Indiana, and Eugene J. McCarthy (D-Minn.), who is in the Virgin Islands recovering from a bronchitis attack. Supporting Dirksen and Mans-' field in the showdown were 33 Democrats and 23- Republicans. Aligned with McGovern on the losing side were 29 Democrats and 8 Republicans. McGovern contended that with the start of a new Congress the Senate has a right to adopt rules by majority action, and is not bound by the two-thirds require- ment of Rule 22. He cited Article 1, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution which pro- vides that "each house shall con- stitute a quorum to do business. McGovern then moved to stop the talk and take up his three- fifths proposal for consideration. THE EMPEROR JONES by Eugene ONeill and Le Rol Jone's DUTCHMAN Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre WED.-SAT., JAN. 18-21 $2.00, $1.50, $1.00 Box office opens 10 a.m. Monday before performance guilty of defaming. ConstitutionalityI Powell's attorney, Henry R. Wil- liams of New York City, claimed the arrest order was, "repugnant to the Constitution of the United States." If carried out, Williams said, Powell would be prevented frm attending House sessions al- though voters in his district have re-elected him. GRANDE BALLROOM The questions is: IS Uncle Ross really Grandalf? Friday Night the MC-5 and The Trees. Sat. night the Scott Richard Case, and the House of Lords. Grand River at Beverly, 1 block'south of Joy Road in Detroit. if CINEMA I presents The Guns of Navarone (Cinema Scope and Color) GREGORY PECK ANTHONY QUIN N DAVID NIVEN FRIDAY and , ;ymm IN: sMi, MQ* f! omm: \4!:""lf J": i t..""_ iq "R Y i i::R R Q : ti :{{ iJ ;J VV ยข 5ii, ?"_. Pti }' :rid it's happening, Ernest this Saturday at 2:00 p.m. banjo pickers bongo pickers I come to play to listen ud pickers or pool pickers for both a IIN III I