THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1966

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

PAGm E SM

THURSDAY, APRIL 7,1966 TUE MTCHTGAN DATLY

i A(~fi iTlinw'w

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U.S., Auto

Makers

Clash Marines Hit
Communists

I


U Thant Sees Possibility
Of Trade Ban on Rhodesia

Over
Government
Replies to
Firms' Plea
Justice Department
Asserts 'Industry
Argument Not Sound'
WASHINGTON ER)-The auto-
mobile industry collided head on
with the Justice Department yes-
terday over its request for anti-
trust law immunity in swapping
safety ideas.
In a letter to the Senate Com-
merce Committee, Asst. Atty. Gen.
Donald F. Turner said the in-
dustry's arguments that it needs
such immunity for cooperative ef-
forts in designing safer cars "do
not appear sound."
Turner referred to testimony by
industry spokesman John S.
Bugas, who cited a pending Justice
Department investigation into
whether the automakers shave il-
legally restrained trade in the
handling of air pollution control
devices on automobile exhausts.
The government attorney said
this investigation was commenced
"only within the past 15 months
and could not have been the basis
of previous industry inactivity."
Suppressive Efforts
Furthermore, Turner said, "The
charges being investigated by the
Antitrust Division are of coopera-
tive efforts to suppress, not pro-
mote, the utilization of auto emis-
sion devices-a possible type of
abuse which hardly strengthens
the case for a grant of antitrust
immunity.",
Turner contended the immunity
suggested by Bugas not only is un-
necessary but "could indeed pro-
vide a broad 'umbrella against
antitrust' that shelters suppression
and delay in the development and
incorporation of safety devices."
Turner also criticized the argu-
ment that "the vagueness of the
antitrust laws prevents the forma-
tion of any cooperative effort to
develop safety devices or to ex-
change information concerning
standards."
Laws Don't Prohibit
He said the laws do not pro-
hibit such arrangements where
joint efforts seem necessary and
constructive "and are not accom-
panied by unduly restrictive col-
lateral agreements."
Besides, Turner said, industry
may always consult with the Jus-
tice Department on the applic-
ability of antitrust laws to any
given situation.
Spokesmen for the Triple A, the
Teamsters Union, and Sen. Abra-
ham A. Ribicoff (D-Conn) lined
up yesterday for mandatory fed-
eral safety standards in auto-
making.
Ribicoff told the Senate that
a measure seeking to set up safety
standards in automotive design
and manufacture is the "most vi-
tally needed piece of consumer
protection legislation that has
come before this body in many
years."
Wants Trucks Included
James R. Hoffa, president of
the independent Teamsters Union,
asked the Senate Commerce Com-
mittee to include trucks in the
legislation.
Hoffa recommended that the

secretary of commerce be directed
to establish, mandatory safety
standards for automakers within
one year.
Tremendous selection of
MONARCH
Study Guides
Keyed to your text
Student
Book Service

antitrust Immunity

Demonstrators Withdraw
Demonstrating Negro youths withdrew from Alcorn A&M College yesterday after a night of tear gas
and turmoil. Protests had been staged against the college president, J. D. Boyd, who had allegedly
suspended students and fired faculty members for taking part in civil rights activities.,
VIET NAM:
KY Ouster Would Hurt War

Near Saigon
U Thant Asks U.S.
And China To Insure
A Unified Viet Nain-
SAIGON 0P)-U.S. Marines have
smashed a huge Viet Cong com-
plex 18 miles southeast of Saigon
in Operation Jackstay, a spokes-
man announced yesterday. Con-
voys later moved the Leather-
necks five miles closer to the cap-
ital in their drive to free Saigon
River shipping from Communist
harassment.
Red camps, stores and hospitals
were reported destroyed.
Meanwhile, at the United Na-
tions, Secretary-General U Thant
said that the United States and
Red China should guarantee the
status of a unified and neutral
Viet Nam.
Thant said both the United
States and mainland China had
strategic interests in the South
Pacific, including Viet Nam.
"I have all along believed that
Viet Nam could be an independentI
and nonaligned country as it wasI
envisaged in the Geneva agree-
ments of 1954. If, we accept the
agreements arrived at the Gene-
va conference of 1954, it means a
unified Viet Nam," he said.
"To bring peace to Viet Nam itsF
independence and nonalignment
should be the objective of all par-
ties primarily concerned in the
conflict, and should preferably be
guaranteed by the big powers.
including Peking and Washing-
ton."
Bombers Strike
Elsewhere in Viet Nam, elemtnts
of two American infantry divisions
were active. B-52 bombers struck
at suspected enemy concentrations
in Phuoc Tuy Province, 55 miles
east of Saigon, -and Tay Ninh
Province, 75 miles northwest of
this city.
Air Force raids on Tuesday in-
cluded a strike that a spokesman
said knocked out two automatic
weapons positions north of Vinh.
A week-long operation by U.S.
1st Division infantrymen and al-
lied Australian and New Zealand
units has forced the Viet Cong
from old stamping grounds 30
miles east of Saigon.
American artillery helped a com-
pany of the 2nd Brigade, U.S.
attack by a Viet Cong company
25th Infantry Division, beat off an
before dawn Tuesday at the wind-
up or the brigade's Operation Cir-
cle Pines 25 miles northwest of
Saigon.
-Vietnamese troops killed 10
Viet Cong and captured 20 in a
sweep near the Cambodian fron-
tier in Tay Ninh Province. Gov-
ernment losses were described as
light.
Plans progressed in Canberra
for replacement of the 1,500-man
Australian infantry battalion in
Viet Nam with a task force of
about 4,500 men in May and June.
Defense Minister Allen Fairhall
announced advance army and air
force elements will fly here soon.

LONDON (P)-Britain advised 20
Commonwealth states yesterday it
is considering a compulsory world
trade ban on rebellious Rhodesia.
United Nations Secretary-General
U Thant saw definite prospects
for the boycott to crush the five-
month old rebellion.
The optional oil embargo that
the Security Council requested of
all countries last Nov. 20 has been
weakened by shipments from
South Africa. A Greek tanker is
in Mozambique waters and there
are fears it may unload oil into
a pipeline to Rhodesia in defi-
ance of a British sea watch on the
port.
"I am increasingly concerned
about the developments in South-
ern Rhodesia," Thant said. "I also
understand that the British gov-
ernment is actively considering
further measures to give effect
to its policies, and even economic
sanctions under Chapter 7 can-
not be ruled out."
Chapter 7 of the UN Charter
empowers the Security Council,
whenever any country threatens
international peace, to make a de-
cision binding all UN members,
among other things, to break eco-
nomic relations with that coun-
try.
British Policy Shift
A decision on the major shift
in British policy may hang on
the outcome of current efforts by
private Greek, Rhodesian, South
African and Portuguese interests
to breach the voluntary oil em-
bargo imposed on Rhodesia by the
UN Security Council.
Beira is the focal point. The
port in Portuguese-ruled Mozam-
bique serves as land-locked Rho-
desia's oil terminal.
There the Greek tanker, Jonna
V, lies anchored, ready to unload
her cargo of up to 18,000 tons' of
crude oil. This could keep the
white minority of Rhodesia who
grabbed independence from Brit-
ain last November, going for two
weeks.
Joanna V is owned by Greeks
and is under charter to the South
African firm of A. G. Morrison of
Cape Town. The British are apply-
ing the diplomatic pressure to keep
the tanker from unloading.
British readiness to invoke the
UN charter - making sanctions
compulsory and subsequent en-
forcement action likely - was de-
scribed authoritatively as being
highly conditional.
Ambassadors of 20 Common-
wealth countries heard Britain's,

Sir Saville Garner argue that the
program of voluntary sanctions
has not yet failed even though the
Rhodesians still are marketing ex-
ports in Germany and Japan and
getting oil from South Africa.
Garner left the impression that
Britain may favor mandatory
sanctions even though such a pro-
gram would carry obvious risks.
Two Dangers
The British official cited two
dangers:
-A Security Council compulsory
trade ban on Rhodesia doubtless
would escalate into a situation
demanding enforcement action.
-Enforcement action might re-
quire a naval blockade of South

World News Roundup

By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Chairman J.
W. Fulbright of the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee launch-.
ed a move yesterday aimed, he
said, at keeping foreign aid from
leading to Viet Nam-type en-
tanglements.
Fulbright announced at the
committee's opening hearing on
the new foreign aid authorization
that he is introducing amendments
to channel more foreign aid de-
velopment loan funds through
agencies of the World Bank. He
tried but failed to push through
similar provisions last year.
Fulbright (D-Ark) told foreign
aid director David E. Bell that the
present bilateral aid arrangements
have "unfortunate side effects"
such as identifying the United
States with certain regimes and
involving the country in situations
such as in Viet Nam.
He said he was "shocked" by
what he described as Secretary of
State Dean Rusk's view that the
U.S. aid commitments justify U.S.
intervention in Viet Nam.
Bell, however, said Fulbright
misinterpreted Rusk. He said the
secretary was only trying to say
that the increasing U.S. aid com-
mitment has shown Congress the
deepening U.S. involvement in
Viet Nam.
* * *
WASHINGTON-The Senate de-
feated 42 to 32 yesterday an ef-
fort to kill President Johnson's

shift of the civil rights Commun-
ity Relations Service from the
Commerce Department to the
Justice Department.
A similar resolution of veto will
come up in the House after Con-
gress returns from its Easter re-
cess April 18. The House Govern-
ment Operations Committee. has
recommended that it be defeated.
The resolution in the Senate was
beaten by 42 Democrats. The move
by Sen. Jacob D. Javits (R-NY)
was supported by 20 other Repub-
licans and 11 Southern Democrats.
WASHINGTON - With a lone
"nay" vote, the House approved -a
pay raise for 1.8 million federal
employes yesterday, ignoring Pres-
ident Johnson's request that It be
deferred until next Jan. 1.
The 392-1 roll call on passage
sent the measure to the Senate,
where it is expected to be ap-
proved with possibly some minor
changes.
Some senators are expected to
contend, as some House members
did, that the pay boosts are not
enough. But employe unions rep-
ressenting government workers
seem willing to go along with
Johnson's insistence on keeping
any raises within his wage in-
crease guidepost of 3.2 per cent.
The bill, as it now stands, would
grant across-the-board boosts of
2.9 per cent to all except the top
civil service 'grades, who would
get 2 per cent.

Africa, which has set its face
against the Rhodesian boycott, and
this would be difficult and expen-
sive.
Foreign Secretary Michael Stew-
art called in South Africa's Am-
bassador Carl de Wet. The word
from the British was that de Wet
was warned that continued South
African defiance of the UN embar-
go could lead to mandatory sanc-
tions, then to the use of force
possibly involving South Africa.
The warning to the South Afri-
cans was a carbon-copy of one
given Portugal on Tuesday. But
the Portuguese have shown no
signs of bowing to Britain's pres-
sures.

AP News Analysis sort of committee government his
When Nguyen Cao Ky stepped military junta had been conduct-
into the premiership of South Viet ing and to act on his own against
Nam 10 months ago, he inherited a powerful figure he considered
what would look to most Western his political rival, the 1st Corps
eyes like a political madhouse. If commander, Gen. Nguyen Chanh
he falls, the chronically chaotic Thi.

country could be thrown into a
confusion threatening its war ef-
fort.
From North Viet Nam, the Com-
munist broadcasts have a ring of
jubilation, as if Hanoi regarded
developments in South Viet Naze
as a significant victory.
The Communists - both their
underground Viet Cong radio and
the radio in the north - have
seized on the theme that Pre-
mier Ky, 35, is a puppet of the
United States, a "traitor who sold
his country to the Americans."
The theme is a potent one. Com-
ments now are being heard in Sai-
gon and elsewhere that Ky's Hono-
lulu meeting with President John-
son early in February may have
bruised nationalist feelings in Viet
Nam by making the premier seem
too close to the U.S. administra-
tion.
Ky, seeming to have been buoy-
ed up by that meeting, appear-
ed then to turn away from the

Volatile Buddhists
The vocal and volatile Buddhists,
who had been professing abhor-
rence of military rule, seized upon
the Thi incident as a lever against
the Saigon government. Some of
their leaders are impatient for
an overnight transformation of
South Viet Nam into a constitu-
tional government.
Among these Buddhist leaders
there seems to be a conviction
that they can succeed where oth-
ers failed, that somehow with a
civilian regime they could con-
tain the Communist drive. Their
agitation has helped turn mobs
into the streets of Hue, Da Nang
and other cities. Young demon-
strators, some probably less inter-
ested in ideology than in letting off
steam, bait the Saigon regime as
an American puppet.
Ky denounced his opposition in
the 1st Corps area as Commu-
nist and vowed to have Da Nang's

mayor shot. When he backtracked
from this, he further weakened
himself.
Communist Influence
Perhaps Ky had his reasons for
worrying about Communist influ-
ence. Just before the current trou-
ble began, the Viet Cong's radio
was broadcasting 'agitation in-
structions to its adherents in the
South. These broadcasts indicated
a strategy of relying on civilian
unrest and upheavals in the cities.
"Let men and women, including
laborers, traders, small traders,
small owners, school and college
students, intellectuals and so forth
rise up all at once and seek a
solution to the straitned circum-
stances created by the present
economic deadlock in Saigon. Let
us, thousands as one, transform
hatred into strength and move
ahead to overthrow the present
slavish puppet-regime of the Unit-
ed States," one broadcast said.
All this raises speculation wheth-
er the Ky government can last,
very long. It is still difficult to see
how a constitutional government
could operate in a country where
the capital has little control over
much of the territory.

i

@~John Meyer of Norwich. fnc.

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