WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY lit t rl tr MVVIMV"lm THE MIHIGANf v sl PAGE THREE Stronger Kremlin Control Ex pected in USSR AP News Analysis Kremlin policy-both internal and external-can be expected to harden in a drive by the Soviet leadership to: reassert iron party control over the whole country. Even the word "Politburo," long a synonym for total, centralized Kremlin power, has been revived. On balance, this makes the first day of the long-awaited 23rd con- gress of the Soviet Communist party bad news for the Soviet pub- lic. Rules adopted under Nikita S Khrushchev at the 22nd congress. in 1961 are going to be shelved or drastically revised, primarily to protect the positions of those oc- cupying the highest rungs of the Soviet ladder. The dilemma posed by the exist- ence of those rules likely was one of the reasons why the calling of this congress was delayed six months. The reversals are not likely, by any means, to presage a return to all aspects of Stalinism. But there is enough retrogression in- dicated in the opening report of First Party Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev to suggest that the par- ty leaders want to tighten and insure their grip on the nation. A summary by Tass of Brezh- nev's opening report before 5000 party delegates and 1000 foreign guests in Moscow quotes the par- ty chief as saying: "It is moved to rename the Presidium into the Political Bureau of the CPSU- Communist party, Soviet Union- Central Committee, which will re- flect more fully the character of the work of the highest political organization of our party." That makes the ruling party group once again the Politburo, a name it has not borne since No- vember 1952, when the 19th con- gress broadened its membership and retitled it "Presidium." Brezhnev goes further, too, in reasserting the control of a small tightly knit group at the top. According to Tass, he said: "It is also proposed to adhere to the long-standing party principles of systematic renewal of the com- position of party organs and con- tinuity of leading cadres and to delete from the rules the quotas regulating this process."h This refers to the rules intro- duced by Khrushchev in 1961. Un- der those rules, at each congress once every four years, no less than 25 per cent of members of the ruling party Presidium, the Central Committee and other top bodies were to be removed, and a third of the members of republic and regional ruling bodies would be likewise removed. Khrushchev had protected him- self by adding that the rules need not necessarily apply to those who "by virtue of their generally rec- ognized authority and high politi- cal, organizational and other abil- ities," could be re-elected to more than a statutory limit of three terms. However, in a collective leader- ship there probably would be con- siderable argument about which 25 per cent would have to step aside for new blood. Brezhnev also sounded ominous when he announced that "the struggle against bourgeois-capi- talist--ideology must under all cir- cumstances, be uncompromising for this is class struggle." He handed a sharp warning to the restive intellectuals and young people-by his estimate, half the Soviet population is 26 or under- when he warned that all art must serve the party and state first of all. That, too, is bad news after periods of relative relaxation. Brezhnev made the familial the West together had disappeared ism to satisfy its Peking critics. promises: That would be an effort Perhaps the Soviet leadershir The North Viet Nam delegation to raise living standards, raise was still trying to impress upon was headed by Le Duan, the wages and farm income and so the Red Chinese that there wer( most important Communist leader forth. more ways than one to skin a' cat! in Hanoi under President Ho Chi But because of the internation- A shift back in the direction of Minh. It included Deputy Premier al situation, he said, the Soviet Stalinism-while it was likely tc and Foreign Minister Van Kinh, leaders are "compelled to divert dismay Soviet intellectuals and. Politburo member Nguyen Duy additional considerable means foi young people-might be helpful in Trinh and Hoang Tung, candidate strengthening the defense might br inging about a summit meeting member of the Central Committee of the country." between the Moscow and Peking and chief editor of the newspaper On the international scene, Bre- leaders for which Brezhnev ap- Nya San. zhnev returned to the worn out cry E pealed and perhaps clear the way The North Viet Nam govern- of the Communist past: That the for a world Communist meeting ment has been trying to stay in capitalist system around the work looking toward some semblance of the middle in the dispute between as a whole was in "a general unity. the two Communist giants, both crisis." He credited much of thij The Chinese will not be easily of which provide it aid. supposed gain for Communism tc impressed. It seems doubtful that Red China has not publicly in- the Soviet policy of peaceful co- the Soviet regime, at this stage sisted that other Communist goy- existence, since he said the "myth' of U.S.S.R. development, could ernments follow its example and of Soviet aggression which held reach far enough back into Stalin- stay away from the congress. Living Costs Rise Steeply, Johnson Hints at Tax Hike Russia Desires Improved Retoswt .S. hn Brezhnev Addresses Soviet Party Says U.S. and China Should Alter Present Policies in Viet Nam MOSCOW ( -The Soviet Com- munist party called yesterday for better relations with the United States and Red China but set conditions that both countries have rejected. The party first secretary, Leo- nid I. Brezhnev, said the Soviet Union is already to develop rela- tions with the United States if Washington abandons its present policy in Viet Nam. The Moscow-Peking dispute will be overcome in the long run, Bre- zhnev said, but he indicated that China must give up many of its present policies. He, offered to talk over the dispute in Moscow or Peking. Speaks to Congress Brezhnev spoke for more than four hours at the opening of the Soviet Communist party's 23rd Congress. Almost 5000 delegates representing the party's 12.4 mil- lion members were joined in the Kremlin's Palace of Congresses by 1000 guests from 86 other- Com- munist and Marxist parties. His remarks on therUnited States and Viet Nam repeated comments he made last Septem- ber about better relations with Washington being blocked by the war. 'The remarks yesterday were milder than previous Soviet cri- ticism of the U.S. role in Viet Nam. "Our relations with the United States have deteriorated with American aggression in Viet Nam and- other aggressive actions by U.S. imperialism," Brezhnev charg- ed. U.S. Responsible "The responsibility for this rests with ruling quarters of the United States." "We have expressed more than once our readiness to develop our relations with the United States -but this demands that the Unit- ed States end the policy of ag- gression." Brezhnev took a conciliatory line on China, which refused an in- vitation to attend the congress. Albania and the Communist par- ties of Japan and New Zealand followed suit but two of China's Asian neighbors, North 'Viet Nanm and North Korea, are represented. There has been speculation that some of the foreign delegations would not have shown up if they had expected to be forced to take a stand against China. A Soviet effort last year to organize a world Communist meeting against the Chinese ended in indefinite postponement. 'Conditions Ripe' Brezhnev repeated the formula used since then, that the world meeting should be held "when con- ditions become ripe for it." But for the meanwhile he proposed bi- lateral talks with China. I China has said it has nothing in common with the present Soviet leadership that can be discussed. Relations with China and Alban- ia "unfortunately remain unsatis- factory," Brezhnev said. "We deeply regret that the dif- ferences, which benefit only ou common adversaries, have not yet been overcome," he declared. "We are convinced that in the long run our parties, our peoples will over- come all difficulties." Riots End junta Rule In Ecuador Students Bring Down Government; hIaburo, To Head New Regime QUITO, Ecuador () - Armed forces leaders yesterday deposedI the ruling military junta and a' Quito economist, Clemente Yerovi Idaburo, was proclaimed provi- sional president of Ecuador. The change was made swiftly after the military high command' announced it was taking over tof restore calm following a wave of anti-junta demonstrations and violence. The three-man junta was re- ported to have fled to Brazil aboard a Brazilian air force plane. The three men were reported with- out official confirmation to have landed in Rio de Janeiro. Rapid Change The high command met with political leaders to select Yerovi 62, within hours of announcing1 they had taken over. He was pro-1 posed for the job by his former superior, ex-President Galo Plaza Lasso. Yerovi, politically independent, 1 considered a liberal. A minister of agriculture in Plaza's administra- tion, he was given much credit for increasing Ecuador's banana ex- ports. Yerovi was the first president of the National Planning Council and Ecuador's ambassador to the Unit- ed ' Nations Education, Scientificc and Cultural Organization in Par-1 is. He also represented his coun-f try at the Common Market in Eu- rope. Ousterf As news of the junta's ouster spread, students who had demon- strated against what they called military dictatorship poured into1 the streets of Quito and Guaya- quil crying "the junta has fall- en!" Some students in their ex- uberance tried to enter the na- tional palace but military guardsI slammed the gates. Others gathered outside Garcia' Moreno Prison in Quito where the junta had jailed many politi- cal prisoners. All students taken in custody during demonstrations were freed.I Seven Killed1 At least seven persons had been killed in student demonstrationsf against the junta since violence broke out last Friday. There have been clashes between demonstra- tors and troops since. The communique dissolving thea junta was signed by Gen. Telmo Vargar, armed forces chief of staff; Rear Adm. Carlos Monte-1 verde, navy commander; Gen. Jorge Aguinaga, army commanderE and Col. Jorge Salgado, air force1 commander. by The*Associated Press WASHINGTON - The govern- ment reported yesterday the steep- est February rise in living costs since the Korean War. The up- swing was led by soaring food prices, which in the case of meat climbed off the top of Labor De- partment charts. Meanwhile, President Johnson indicated that he may ask Con- gress to increase taxes by $5 bil lion "more or less," perhaps as early. as next month, if prices continue to rise. He emprasized, however,athat he has not yet made any final de- cision. Johnson Wisdom Johnson, fielding questions put to him by young people who have been serving one year in govern- ment posts, said no one likes to call for a tax increase-especial- ly in an election year. But he Said he felt sure. "Con- gress would rather have a modest tax increase of 5, 6 or 7 per cent of the tax bill, corporate and per-. sonal, than see inflation and the value of the dollar go down." Johnson said most of his ad- visers seem to feel that measures taken so far to curb inflationary trends will not prove strong enough. He said they are talking of three alternatives: government controls, a federal spending cut of $5 billion to $10 billion or a tax increase of roughly $5 billion. Price Rise The rise of one-half of one per cent in the consumer price index measuring typical. family living costs put the index at 1.6 mean- ing it took $11.16 last month to buy items that cost $10 in the 1957-59 base period. Meat prices went up another 2 per cent to 19 per cent above a year ago, edging off the top of the chart at 115.7 per cent of 1957-59 prices. Pork alone was 37 per cent higher than a year ago. Fresh vegetables soared 10.5 per cent, poultry 8 per cent and eggs nearly 4 per cent to lead the rise in food prices that made up 75 per cent of the February in- crease. Some food prices, however, were down, led by a 30 per cent drop from the unusually high potato prices of February 1965. Prices of citrus fruits, bananas and orange juice were also down over the year, the bureau said. In other areas, medical services rose four-tenths of 1 per cent housing costs .were up two-tenths ot 1 per cent and clothing was up three-tenths of 1 per cent in Feb- ruary. The only major items in the in- dex that dropped was transporta- tion, which edged down one-tenth of one per cent, largely because of lower auto prices. The decline in transportation costs was less than usual for February. Jump The overall jump in the consum- er price index-only the third in- crease of that size since 1958 - chipped another half-cent from the purchasing power of the dol- lar, bringing it down to 89.6 cents of its 1957-59 value. Overall living costs were 2.5 per cent above a year ago, the big- gest annual increase since 1958. "The worst of the increases ap- pears to be over," Assistant Com- missioner Arnold Chase of the Bu- reau of Labor Statistics said of the sharp rise in food prices over much of the past year. "There is no indication of pan- ic buying," he said, such as there would be if "inflationary psychol- ogy" gripped the public. Sularto Keeps Peace, In Uneasy Indonesia -Associated Press Party First Secretary Leonid Brezhnev opens the 23rd Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in Moscow's Kremlin yesterday with an appeal to the Communist Chinese to join in new efforts to resolve the split in wodld communism. Flanking Brezhnev are Premier Alexei Kosygin, right, and Mikhail Suslov, the leading theoretician of the party, left. SOUTH VIET NAM: Warns of Strong Action If Demonstrati ons Continue SAIGON (P-Buddhist political agitators drew a warning from Premier Nguyen Cao Ky yesterday. He threatened "very strong meas- ures" if necessary to curb the or- ganized unrest that has clouded the Vietnamese war effort for nearly three weeks. The aim would be "not for the survival of the government, but for the survival of Viet Nam," the chief of the Saigon military re- gime told foreign newsmen. In a situation which has taken on some anti-American overtones Deputy Defense Secretary Cyrus R. Vance was flying to visit U.S. and allied forces. He left Wash- ington Monday night. Trip Canceled However, the unrest led White tiouse Press Secretary Bill D. Moyers and presidential assistant Robert Komer, who had been ex- pected to go along, to put off their trip at least temporarily. Ky talked with the visiting newsmen of South Viet Nam's po- litical situation after a meeting of an undisclosed nature Monday night with five Buddhist leaders The chief demand of the agita- tors is a quick return to civilian rule. A reliable source reported Ky told the news conference that his government will not make any con- cessions to anyone and religious coalition governments have never been effective. Strong Measures Ky said very strong measures will be taken, if necessary, to con- trol the situation for Viet Nam's survival. But he added the prob- lems can be solved by discussions' rather than demonstrations. Ky and the other ruling generals want only to establish democracy and get back to their military du- ties. Back in the States In the United States a Defense Department spokesman said yes- terday four Army divisions in the United States are below full com- bat readiness because they have been training recruits and draftees This was the first public official disclosure that any of the Army divisions in the United States are below full combat ready status. It came after the Los Angeles Times reported the situation yesterday. ; The newspaper identified these divisions as the 4th Infantry at Ft. Lewis, Wash., the 5th Mech- anized at Ft. Carson, Colo., and the 1st and 2nd Armored Divi- sions at Ft. Hood, Texas. The Only Ones These are the only regular di- visions in the United States which do not have some of their units deployed elsewhere. The spokesman said the four di- visions, normally kept as a com- bat-ready emergency force, were given the training assignment last year. It followed a decision it was not to call National Guardsmen and reservists to active duty, but. instead, to build up the regular armed forces gradually. "It was foreseen that some of these divisions would not be at full combat status at this time,' the spokesman said. He said the divisions would be returned gradually to full combat readiness and that some of them may be ready by June. ' Meanwhile, American armed forces carried on, plaguing Viet Cong hideouts with air power, nav- al gunfire and ground controls. U.S. Marines sought fresh con- tact with North Vietnamese reg- ulars in the Quang Ngai area, 330 miles northeast of Saigon, after a battle Monday in which they esti- mated they killed 150 men. South Vietnamese troops in the same ac- tion said they accounted for 67 of the enemy, reported to be ele- ments of North Viet Nam's 1st regiment. Other Marines, with naval and air support, plodded through man- grove swamps 18 miles southeast of Saigon in the fourth day of Operation Jackstay. JAKARTA OP) - A show of strength by Lt. Gen. Suharto, In- dosenia's strongman, appeared yes- terday to have forestalled student demonstrations against the na- tion's new cabinet. As convoys of troops in armor- ed cars and jeeps swung through Jakarta, the main political forces that supported Suharto continued to criticize his Cabinet as con- taining too many holdovers and being too large to tackle the na- tion's serious economic problems. Radio Jakarta said Suharto met with a delegation from one of the three major forces, the Pantjasila front, composed of several politi- cal parties. , Suharto said he hoped the new cabinet will be given an opportu- nity to achieve its aims without any lessening of support from the people and political organizations The main opposition comes from Pantjasila; Kostram, a recently organized front composed of mod- erate Socialists and university in- tellectuals; and Kami, the anti- Communist student action front. Kami, whose demonstrations toppled President Sukarno's 100- man cabinet, is looking for ener- getic leaders who can bring quick action in conquering Indonesia's problems. The student group had threat- ened more demonstrations after the new cabinet was announced Sunday. But. Brig. Gen. Amir By The Associated Press WASHINGTON-Sen. J. W. Ful- bright (D-Ark) said yesterday the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee will suspend-but not con- clude-its public hearing on U.S.- China policy after new testimony today. Fulbright, the committee chair- man, announced after a closed' meeting that the China hearings will resume after hearings on the administration's $3.4-billion for- eign aid bill, and a series of hearings on administration efforts to obtain a treaty banning the proliferation of nuclear weapons. . C * * WASHINGTON - Senate hear- ings on President Johnson's plan to bring all modes of U.S. trans- portation under a single new cab- inet department began yesterday with a warning that some forms of transport are in shocking decline. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Machmud, military commander of. the Jakarta district, declared his security troops would block any attempt by the people to take the law in their own hands. He warn- ed such demonstrations "may en- danger the revolution." world News Roundup That came from Sen. Warren G. Magnuson (D-Wash), sponsor of the bill, who spoke of a 50 per cent decline since 1950 in railroad passenger miles and declared "our merchant mar'ine is in dire need of improvement if it is to survive." WASHINGTON - The Defense Department issued a call.yesterday for a draft of 34,600 men in May, the highest' monthly quota since January. All of the May draftees will be assigned to the Army, the Penta- gon said. LONDON-Britain's three duel- ing political parties pledged yester- day to lead the nation .into Eu- rope's Common Market. The issue of British entry built up as the major international top- ic of the thretr-week election cam- paign ending Tidy with a na- tional ballot: SENATOR PHILIP HART REGENT IRENE MURPHY PROF. ROSS WILHELM on DISSENT & THE DRAFT FRIDAY, April 1 ... 3:15, Auditorium A MEN'S GLEE CLUB SPRING CONCERT Student Legal Defense Comm., Graduate Student Council minimum donation .50 Saturday, April 2 . .. 8:30 P.M. 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