19,1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREN PAGE THREW A China Believed Able To U.S., Allies BREAKDOWN RESOLVED: Hit French Accord Set in U.S.-Soviet on NATO Cultural Exchange Pact Declaration Affirm: Put 20 Divisions into Asia 5,000 Rally. In Support. For Gen. Thi Ousted Commander Pledges Friendship For Premier Ky DA NANG (M)--Lt. Gen. Nguyen Chanh Thi grinned broadly at a Da Nang rally yesterday while his supporters denounced the Saigon government that stripped him of power. It was an enigmatic grin, for the' deposed, leader has been call- ing publicly for harmony through- out a tour of his old command, South Viet Nam's 1st Corps area. Expresses Appreciation Expressing appreciation for the display of love for him, the French trained general said: "I promise the people and I promise the sol- diers that I will always be at your side to continue the revolution. Don't let yourselves be exploited by the Communists." More than 5000 persons jammed a small downtown park of Da Nang to hear Thi speak from a table top. Shops closed and work -slackened for this latest in a se- ries of demonstrations reflecting a discontent that plagues the coun- try. Thi raised both arms in sa- lute to the crowd as speakers de- manded his reinstatement. He has proclaimed undiminished friend- ship for Premier Ky, however, and gave no indication in his speech that he was prepared to buck the government. Soldiers March Among the spectators were hun- dreds of soldiers Thi led until he was ousted March 10 as the corps commander and as a member of Premier Nguyen Cao Ky's mili- tary government. They marched in with banners and placards at- tacking Saigon. Special targets of the crowd were Lt. Gen. Nguyen Van Thieu, the chief of state, and Lt. Gen. Nguyen Huu Co, defense minister and deputy premier. A middle-aged lieutenant told the gathering that Saigon generals are corrupt and that the people have lost confidence in Ky's re- gime. He declared a civilian gov- ernment should replace the junta. Protest parades, strikes and ral- lies have flared at various points in the corps area since Thi's dis- * missal. Thi called on the people to be calm, to think of the nation rather than of individuals. Entry Might Force Use Of A-Bomb Military Authorities Argue Conventional, Weapons Sufficient Pact's Importance, WASHINGTON (M)--The United Alliance's Continuity States informed the Soviet Union last night that it 'is ready to sign WASHINGTON (P) - France's a U.S.-Soviet cultural exchange 14 Atlantic allies publicly and agreement-a signing d e 1 a y e d unanimously took issue yesterday since Wednesday without official with President Charles de Gaulle's explanation. move to dismantle the North At- A State Department spokesman lantic Treaty Organization. said last night, "We are prepared "The North Atlantic Treaty and, to sign whenever and wherever it the organization established under is mutually convenient." it are both essential to the secur- .Announcements from the White iyof our gantris," the 14 said. Anucmnsfo h ht "ty House and State Department fail- "Weare convinced that this or-ed yesterday to clear up the mys- ganization is essential and will dyseaytclruphem- continue." ,tery of what happened to a new Manifesto Issued U.S.-Soviet cultural e x c h a n g e agreement.1 It was reported wrapped up and ready for signing last Wednesday and then was left unsigned. Difficulty According to information among diplomats, the arrangements to sign the document first ran into difficulty Wednesday morning from the Soviet side on " a point of protocol. It was reported that the Rus- sians raised some question about r the fact that Romanovsky, who -Associated PressI CIVILIAN TRAGEDY, an integral part of the Viet Nam war is demonstrated by a Vietnamese boy comforting his mother after an air raid on her South Viet Nam village. of Mississippi Rit Bla -med on Barnett WASHINGTON (R) - United The manifesto was issued simul- States experts believe that Red taneously at the White House and China could put some 20 divisions, at the other 13 capitals as a re- totaling about 400,000 men, into affirmation of faith in the present Southeast Asia on a wide front setup in the face of de Gaulle's from the Vietnamese coast to challenge. Burma. . Nowhere did the statement men- If the Chinese should choose tion de Gaulle or France by name. such a course, U.S. authorities But it was clearly directed against would be confronted immediately1 the French position and; allied of- with a decision on whether to use ficials openly hoped to muster pub- nuclear weapons against them. lic support. !Joining the United States were Indications are that the use of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Wesi nuclear weapons would be held Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy. back at least until the enemy's Luxembourg, The Netherlands. objectives and intentions were Norway, Portugal, Turkey 'and diagnosed. Great Britain. Atomic Weapons Infringed Sovereignty Enemy troops would be a suit- While not objecting to the alli- able target for nuclear weapons ance, formed in 1949 under the only if they appeared in mass, threat of possible Soviet aggres- which would not necessarily be sion against Europe, de Gaulle the case. says the integrated NATO military There is a widely held belief defense system formed under the that atomic weapons would be the treaty is no longer needed. He says only answer to dealing with hordes it infringes on national sovereign- of Chinese troops. ty, and France will have no part IBut top military authorities do of it. not go all the way with this view, The French chief has sent no- believing that heavy U.S. airpower tice to the other allies that France' using conventional explosives will pull her forces out of NATO would be an effective defense-and and wants NATO military head- a much lessrisky one from the quarters, now in the Paris area.' political standpoint. and, NATO bases removed from her soil or placed under French OXFORD, Miss. (41) - Sen. Rob- ert F. Kennedy told University of Mississippi students yesterday that former Gov. Ross Barnett must take full responsibility for the 1962 university desegregation riot. In a question-and-answer ses- sion after his speech, Kennedy dis- cussed in detail the uproar of 1962 after a federal court ordered the University to admit a Negro student, James H. Meredith. The riot;in which two men were killed and hundreds injured, erupt- ed on a Sunday at dusk, right after, the late President John F. Kenne- dy made a talk to the nation on the university situation. Governor's Suggestion "It was the governor who sug- gested that we bring Meredith to the campus on Sunday," said Ken- nedy, who was U.S. attorney gen- eral at the time. "That decision was not made by the President or me, but by Gov. Ross Barnett. He wanted 300 or 400 marshals for a show of force but said -he would be responsible for law and order." Asked what the Department of Justice might have done to head Suliarto Names Anti CommnistCabie i 7 off violence, Kennedy said: "We might have sent in troops earlier but we had taken Gov. Barnett at his word that he would keep law and order. I was reluctant to send in troops. The President was re- luctant and Qov. Barnett said it wasn't necessary." Basic Question "The basic question was wheth- er the orders of the courts of the United States were going to be obeyed," Kennedy added. "I don't believe that there is anyone here who would do other than what we did." Over 20,000 troops were poured into Oxford after the riot to en- force the court's order. Meredith went on to become the school's first Negro graduate. There are 14 Negroes enrolled now. The senator said that, prior to Meredith's arrival, he had 25 long- distance telephone conversations with Barnett and the President spoke with Barnett two or three times. Standing Ovation The New York Democrat, re- garded as a political demon by some militant segregationist orga- nizations in Mississippi, was greet- ed by a standing ovation when he entered the Campus Coliseum. In his speech, Kennedy told the students: "Racial injustice and poverty, ignorance and hope for world peace are to be found in the streets of New York and Chicago and Los Angeles as well as in the towns and farm lands of Missis- sippi.", "You have no problems that the nation does not have," he added. "You share no hope that is not shared by your fellow 'students and young people across the coun- try. You carry no burden that they, too, do not. SINGAPORE (R)-Lt. Gen. Su- harto appointed the nucleus of a strong anti-Communist Indonesian cabinet yesterday in a move that seemed to leave President Sukarno shorn of power. Suharto, the army chief and Indonesian strong man, earlier in the day had detained Deputy Pre- mier Subandrio and 14 other pro- Communist cabinet ministers, all favorites of Sukarno Informants in Singapore said Sukarno had objected to the com- position of Suharto's new cabinet and insisted on keeping Suban- drio and Saleh. Earlier this week, Sukarno went on the radio to com- plain he was being pressured on cabinet appointments. He said he had the sole right to make them under the constitution. Buwono Named Suharto named one of Indone- sia's most respected men, Hamen- gku Buwono, sultan of Jogjakarta, as first deputy premier. In place of Subandrio, Sukarno's trusted pro-Peking lieutenant, Jakarta ra- dio said. A leader in the fight for inde- pendence from the Dutch, Buwo- no thus appears to be the most powerful civilian in the Indonesian hierarchy. Sukarno fired Buwono as defense minister in 1955. Suharto named another anti- Communist, former Trade Minis- ter Adam Malik, as second deputy premier. Malik was given Suban- drio's second position of foreign minister. Ruslan Abdul Gani, a leader in the fight against the Dutch who formerly was minister coordina- tor, replaced Chaerul Saleh as third deputy premier. Saleh was another on whom Sukarno relied before he was whisked off to de- tention. The official government radio said Suharto appointed 17 new cabinet ministers in all. The cab- inet has 102 members. Jakarta radio said all appoint- ments were temporary' and the ac- tion was taken on orders of Su- karno. But it said Sukarno was not at a meeting of the generals at his Jakarta palace. The radio said Sukarno had ordered military detention of Subandrio and the others, but the order was consid- ered in Singapore to be Suharto's. Subandrio Held Singapore sources reported Sub- andrio and the other 14 are being held in the Jakarta garrison's .guardhouse. They said Subandrio had not been dismissed from the cabinet but this was only a mat- ter of time. Diplomatic quarters in Singa- pore said Sukarno, 64, had lost the last round of his struggle for power with the military. He had resisted army demands that he fire Subandrio and the others. . One source even went so far as to say "Sukarno is finished" but the general belief was that the president still will be used as a figurehead. would sign for them, has the status of a minister while the U.S. signer, Asst. Secretary of State John M. Leedy, has a slightly lower -rank, in the Soviet view. But acording to this version, the matter was being cleared up when word reportedly reached the U.S. negotiating team that the Presi- dent felt further negotiation would be necessary. Johnson was represented as be- ing dissatisfied with the lack of a provision to guarantee fulfillment of the agreement. The U.S.-Soviet cultural ex- change began eight years ago. Each agreement has run for two years and the one now under ne- gotiation is foK: 1966 and 1967. Like the others, it provides for a wide range of student, teacher, technical and artistic exchanges on a one-for-one equation. Under the latest agreement, which expired Dec. 31, the United States in the artistic and enter- tainment category accepted five presentations offered by Moscow whereas the Soviet Union accepted only four offered by Washington. Musical Rejected Last November, the U.S. Em- bassy delivered a note to the So- viet Foreign Ministry deploring Soviet rejection of the musical and accusing the Soviet Union of jeopardizing further exchange agreements.. Information circulating among diplomats indicates that President Johnson does not want a repetition of Soviet rejections of U.S. cul- tural projects to be carried out in the Soviet Union under the agree- ment. So far as could be determined, this is the most serious sticking point in the unfinished negotia- tions. The new agreement will have to include an understanding that if one party to the pact fails to maintain the one-for-one ratio of exchanges, the other party would be free to curtail its own accept- ance of offerings. r actior in 1Lng A major factor in U.S. military thinking on how, to deal with any mass invasion by Communist Chinese and North Vietnamese divisions is the ability of the enemy to supply those forces for extended periods. Unlike U.S. forces, the Chinese divisions are mostly foot infantry without much mechanization or heavy artillery and tanks. There is a view that Chinese ground forces, while huge, are so poorly supplied with transport and other support that they could not operate very far from their bor- ders for very long. Four or Five Divisions Communist China and North Viet Nam together could send four or five divisions into South Viet Nam and sustain them in combat. This is the current intelligence estimate accepted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. So far, there is no evidence of any intention by Red China or North Viet Nam to change the character of the Viet Nam war in this fashion. But U.S. military chiefs take such a possibility into account in their planning. A force of four to five divisions would total about 80,000 to 100,000 men, including supporting ele- ments. command.i De Gaulle could set adeadline at any time for withdrawal of NATO forces from France but he has not done so. If he wishes to withdraw entirely from the alli- ance he can serve notice in Au- gust 1968, and make his with- drawal effective a year later onl the treaty's 20th anniversary. Diplomatic Channels The 14 nations have sent re- plies through diplomatic channels and are consulting about what to do next, including potentially car- rying on the integrated NATOI machinery through facilities out- side France. The U.S. view i's that a fur- ther communication should be awaited from Paris, since de Gaulle so far has stated only intent rath- er than detail on how he expects the NATO facilities to be removed. President Johnson is expected to send a further message to de Gaulle next week. Over the past two days Johnson has met with top advisoi's on the NATO issue. including the U.S. ambassador to France, Charles E. Bohlen. Bohlen plans to return to Paris this weekend. Johnson's reply to de Gaulle would be sent through diplomatic channels later rather han being carried personally by Bohlen on his reurn trip, it was stated. WANTED MALE psychological subjects Call Dr. Norman's office 764-6337 or come to 7629 Haven Hall World News Roundup By The Associated Press night to help scientists determine VATICAN CITY-Pope Paul VI why their Gemini 8 space flight eased yesterday some of the an- was forced to end prematurely. cient Vatican restrictions on mar- TeGmii8darsen h riages between Roman Catholics dain isolation on the eighth floor and persons of other faiths. of Trippler Army Hospital near He wiped out a rule that had Honolulu, sleeping and undergo- obliged the non-Catholic partner ing debriefing and physical check- in an interfaith marriage to make ups. *. *i * a signed promise that children of PALOMARES BEACH, Spain - the union would be raised as Cath- One source connected with the re- He also lifted excommunication covery of the wayward American of Catholics who have meucor H-bomb said yesterday the device wil arotsideohe Curh orwas located just as officials were and provided for common prayem ryntodcehwtoelte and the presence of non-Catholic world it might never be found. clergy at mixed marriages per- "The find couldn't have come formed in Catholic churches. at a better time," this official * ** source commented. 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