SUNDAY, FEBRUARY" 27,19$6

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

# AGE#T8

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE


n'

Turbulent

Future

waits

African

Continent

By The Associated Press . mention when the constitution is'ernment accused China of playing There have been complaints of democracy in Africa is just a word 'the order of the dy as attempts 1950s. Since 1958 they have ex-
Vast, restless and enormously expected to be completed but said deadly games there. In Uganda, Communist meddling in Mali, Cen- whose meaning depends upon who'at representative government bog tended more than $800 million
important Africa has come to a that a special constitution-writ-,Prime Minister Milton Obote sus-tral Africa, Sudan and elsewhere. interprets it. down under the weight of the worth of loans to new black Afri-
boil. A long series of upheavals ing committee will be named soon I pended the constitution after In the Brazzaville Congo, the Chi- The idea of socialism took hold problem and conflicts. Country can nations. About 4,000 Africans
may be only the beginning of a by the rebel regime which ousted rumors of an impending coup.,nese have had what amounted al- among leaders who felt everythingafter country is taken over by study in Soviet schools.
process that one day can trans- President Kwame Nkrumah last Troops are on the alert there. most to a base of operations for had to be government-planned be- army coups. The man with the gun The Red Chinese, too, entered
form the dark continent into the Thursday. Upon completion, the Kenya's political leaders have the world continent. cause Africa was so far behind the wields the power. the contest fairly recently. Trade
arena of showdown in world clash constitution will be submitted to been demanding the ouster of Red That is only part of the picture northern world. Tom M'Boya, a There is no unity in Africa. The and cultural missions crisscrossed
of ideologies. the nation for approval in a ref- Chinese missions whom they ac- of the bubbling African plot. Por- Kenya government minister, put slogan "Africa for Africans" is the continent, playing on African
The latest upheaval, in Ghana; erendum. cused of revolutionary meddling. tugal spends about 40 per cent of it: "Both capitalism and commun- virtually meaningless. There is memories of colonialism and fear
was another in a chain of erup- In November, President Joseph President Jomo Kenyatta warned its budget on security in its Afri- ism are rejected in favor of Afri- fear on all sides of domination, of a bogey called "imperialism."
tions that have dealt blow after Kasavubu was ousted as president the Chinese last year he would can colonies: Portuguese Guinea, can socialism." if not by non-Africans, then by But both China and the Soviet
blow to those who sought to ex- of the Congo by an army coup. In tolerate no revolution from any Angola and Mozambique. But frequently African social- one another. There are innumer- Union had sharp setbacks in
ploit Africa's inferiority complex. December, a general seized power source. The Chinese were similarly Portugal has firmed up relations ism, too, is just a vague label. able ethnic and tribal divisions. Africa.
Ghana radio said yesterday that in Dahomey from the provisional warned last year by President with the white governments of What has emerged in many areas Africa's problems have been Today the Russians are careful
a new constitution, providing for president. In January, military Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. Rhodesia and South Africa. Rho-'has been dictatorship, possibly re- co pounded by a game of status in their treatment of Africa. Their
separation of powers along the coups overthrew governments in Egypt is trying a group of revo- desia, which proclaimed its inde- garded as the only logical way of which goes on constantly, making slogans are keyed to -"social pro-
line of the U.S. Constitution, is the Central African Republic, Up- lutionaries accused of plotting pendence in a way Britain called ruling nations plagued by back- some leaders easy prey to bland- gress," with less emphasis on poli-
being drawn up in an effort to per Volta and Nigeria. against President Gamal Abdel illegal, has been chronically tense wardness, lack of leaders, lack of ishments of those seeking to ex- tics. They tell Africa that Moscow
keep a concentration of power out ' Burundi has been in a high state Nasser with Red Chinese backing. under heavy'pressure. e d u c a t i o n, overpopulation and ploit them politically. favors "noncapitalist paths of de-
of the hands of one leader, of tension since October, when a Once warm relations between African governments invariably threats of mass hunger. The Russians plunged enthusi- velopment," a deviation from Len-
The radio broadcast did not police revolt was crushed. Its gov- Cairo and Peking have chilled. call themselves democratic, but Military government becomes astically into Africa in the late inism which Red China sees as

added evidence that Moscow was
abandoning world revolution.
The Chinese found themselves
suspect in country after country
and ejected from a number of
them. They had preached that the
time was ripe for revolution in
Africa and that a clash between
the two hostile camps of white
and nonwhite was inevitable.
African leaders had little love
for the idea of revolution in newly
independent nations.
But the African continent is a
long, long way from the stability
that would be a defense against
revolutionary tactics. In fact, some
observers worry that as the years
go by, frustrating problems and
falling government will make rev-
olution the rule rather than the
exception.

* Security Counc
Negotiations on

il

No Reserve
Favors Call-up Seen

PRACTICE FOR MOON SHOT:
Apollo Launching Successful


-- - y I -

Viet Nam

a

Says Geneva
Pact. Acts as.
Peace Basis
All But Five Nations
Approve Report by
Japanese Minister
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. () -
The President of the U.N. Secur-
ity Council reported yesterday
that its members generally favor
Viet Nam peace negotiations in an
ar'opriate form aimed at carry-
it~ out the Geneva agreements.
Japanese Ambassador Akira
Matsui. presiding over the council
this month, made the report In a
letter handed in here and address-
ed to all the other council am
bassadors.
Diplomatic sources said 11 of
the 15 council members had ap-
proved the letter as a reflection
of their general views. The in-
formant said the Soviet Union,
Bulgaria, France and Mali had
refused to approve it.
In his letter, Matsui said he
had tried to consult the members
of the council individually and
collectively and also conferred
with Thant to "get his own views
on the situation." The Japanese
diplomat declared:
"I believe I could detect a cer-
tain degree of common feeling
among many members of the
council which might be summariz-
ed as follows:
"1. There is general grave con-
cern and growing anxiety over the
continuation of hostilities in Viet
Nam and a strong desire for the
early cessation of hostilities and
a peaceful solution of the Viet
Nam problem.
"2. There appears also to be a
feeling that the termination of the
conflict in Viet Nam should be
-sought through negotiations in an
appropriate form in order to work
out the implementation of the
Geneva accords."
A written report fron the pres-
ident is without precedent in Se-
curity Council history. Matsui
said he decided to report in writ-
ing rather than at a council meet-
ing because "some serious differ-
ences of views" had "given rise to
a general feeling that it would be
inopportune for the council to
hold further debate at this time."
Sources familiar with the U.S.
position said th'e United States
had been ready to ask for anoth-
er meeting if Matsui had not filed
the report. They said the United
States would not withdraw its
pending resolution calling for dis-
cussions among governments to
arrange a conference for applica-
tion of the Geneva accords.
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allow.

BY The Associated Press
jo RnSO1 and University News Service
CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. - The
Satisfied With War mightiest rocket ever launched by
the United States, a towering
Progess, But Sees Saturn 1B, successfully hurled an
No Speedv Victorv unmanned Apollo moonship over a
punishing reentry course yester-
day and triggered an all-out drive
By The Associated Press to land American astronauts on
W A S H I N G T 0 N-President the moon within two or three
Johnson said at a press conference years.
yesterday that his- desk is clear The 40-minute maiden flight
of all requests for more troops in for both the rocket and Apollo
Viet Nam. He added that he thinks was a resounding success and pro-

-Associated Press

HUMPHREY DISCUSSES ASIAN TRIP
Shown above is a White House Conference held last Thursday at which Vice President Hubert
Humphrey briefed top government officials and congressional leaders on his recent nine-nation tour
of Southeast Asia and the Pacific area. Counter clockwise, from the left, are: Secretary of State.
Dean Rusk; President Lyndon B. Johnson; Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara; Gen. Earl
Wheeler, chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff; House Speaker John McCormack; Senate GOP leader
Everett Dirksen; Sen. George Smathers; .Leonard Marks of USIA; Humphrey; House Minority
leader Gerald Ford and Rep. Mendel Rivers.
AT' AFL-CIO MEETING:
nion Asks Corporation Tax

he can meet additional requests'
expected next summer "without
any strain on our forces."
Because of a present high level
of enlistments, he sees no need
now to consider mobilizing Reserve
or National Guard forces.
Pentagon officials have an-
nounced January's total enlist-
ment approached the 50,245 who
signed with the military last
September preceeding big draft
call increases forecast by Johnson.
What the Pentagon calls a "con-
tinued favorable enlistment trend"
has already permitted a 10,500-
man slash in the March draft call,
originally set at 32 900 inductees.
Commenting on the war itself,
Johnson told the newsmen at thel
conference that he is satisfiedt
with the battle plans and evalua-
tions of Gen. William C. West-
moreland, the American comman-
der in Viet Nam. However, he de-i
clined to predict an easy victory.f
The President, who said he has'
no quarrel with Congress over re-
cent public debate on Viet Nam'
policy, indicated also he does not
expect to ask for a wartime tax
increase or wage-price controls inj
the foreseeable future.
!The President then made it clear
he wants no formal declaration or
war in Viet Nam. And, asked if
he feels "hawk" sentiment ex-
pressed by advocates of an expand-
ed war is increasing, he said:
"I don't brand sentiments one
way or the other. I think basically
all of us want to do what is best
for our country and what is best
for the world, and attempt to
avoid war, to bring about suc-
cessful peace negotiations. Some
of us feel differently at times.
That is the strength of this de-
mocracy."

vided the first flight experience
for much of the equipment which
will be used for manned lunar
landings.
The spacecraft rocketed 310
miles into space and survived a
trial by fire-a blazing dash back
through the earth's atmosphere
during which its heat shield pro-
tected it from scorching tempera-
tures up to 5000 degrees.
The 11,000-pound cabin section,
the part in which future astro-
nauts will ride starting late this
year, separated and parachuted
into the South Atlantic Ocean 5,-
300 miles southeast of Cape Ken-
nedy, landing within 20 miles, of
their intended bulls-eye.
Two experiments keyed to Apol-
lo's launching were conducted by
the University engineering depart-
ment's Space Physics Laboratory.
About five miles from the launch
area, a cross-shaped array of nine
ultrasensitive microphones listen-
ed to the rocket's rumble from its
liftoff to as high as 50 miles, in
a measurement of high altitude
winds.
. As the vehicle came down near
Ascension Island in the South At-
lantic, another University crew
fired an instrumented package

THE SATURN 1B BOOSTER ROCKET blasted away from its
Cape Kennedy launching pad with an unmanned Apollo moon-
ship yesterday. The test flight was scheduled to carry the ship
out of the atmosphere, then re-enter at rocket-accelerated speed
to test the machine's resistence to heat damage.

aloft on a small rocket to meas-
ure the density of the atmosphere
through which the returning
spacecraft descended.
The launching was the first of
a long series of Apollo shots
whose target is to land Americans
on the moon in this decade. If
there are no problems, the his-
toric adventure could be achieved
on flight No. 12, as early as Jan-

uary, 1968.
Space agency 'officials admit
this date is optimistic-but cer-
tainly within reach if all launch-
ings go as smoothly as yesterday's
inaugural journey.
Less optimistic officials believe
there will be normal development
problems and that men cannot be
safely committed to a lunar voy-
age until 1969.

IL ____ ,NNW

Boost To Defray Whar Costs


MIAMI BEACH, Fla. (AP) - The
AFL-CIO urged the government
yesterday to boost taxes on "sky-
rocketing" corporation profits if
necessary to pay growing war
costs or curb inflation, and said,
"The poor should not be compelled
to bear the major burden of the
conflict in Viet Nam."
The big labor federation, fight-
ing a running battle against fed-
eral attempts to hold down wage
increases, said President Johnson's
"Great Society" programs should
not be slashed in the face of rising
war costs.
v The 13-million member labor
federation said if military speed-
ing rises rapidly or if shortages
threaten inflation, the government
should raise corporation taxes or
eliminate the present seven per

cent credit for business invest-'
ment-or both.
The business tax credit, an AFL-
CIO economist said, "is a govern-
ment subsidy."a
The AFL-CIO said the upward
swing of prices in the past year is
due not to wage increases, but to
a "continuing capital goods boom
that arises from skyrocketing
profits."
"The sechool lunch-milk pro-
gram is scheduled to be cut by
$128 million," the federation state-
ment said, and small increases in
some antipoverty programs will
result in their being slowed sub-
stantially or frozen at unsatisfac-
tory levels.
"Military expenditures are a
necessity for the defense of free-

dom," the statement said, but
"they must never be the bedrock
of our national economy.
"The home front strength of
our free society is a major bul-
wark against Communist expan-
sion."

according to
Professor AtuCarr:
 rfC... t-he new issue of G .
TION is justified chie

ni

ENERA-
fly .by its


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petitioning

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poetry.... The poets-all of them
-envince an impressive authority
of phrase, image, and formal ee
cution.
To those who Iike poetry
and missed us Last week
GENERATION

will be on sale

Sunday, Feb. 27 at 7:30 P.M.
at the
Student Publications Bldg.

again

DIANE

SMALLER

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28

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