SATURDAY, FEBRUARY '19, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREV SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAHA PAGE THREU Predict Chinese Aggression Threat to Peace By The Associated Press Observers with long experience in probing Communist affairs ap- pear yesterday to harbor deep suspicion that Red China is on the verge of what they would call "adventurist' acts" that could en- danger the peace of Asia and the world. Yugoslav commentators, who know how to read the Soviets and Chinese, reach the conclusion from Peking predictions that a storm soon will break across the underdeveloped world a g a i n s t, "American imperialism" and, by Rusk implication, against the Soviet Union as well. They detect in Red China's pronouncements a note of des- peration, a conviction that there is a plot afoot between the Ameri- cans and Soviets to "contain" the Chinese. Apparently, a basic Peking pol- icy aim has been to produce a situation in which the USSR would be forced into a clash with the United States. By all indica- tions, Moscow has been parrying this. Peking policy has been badly hurt over the past year by sharp Ask setbacks. Careful reading of its propaganda about Viet Nam could support an interpretation that Peking wants no settlement there at all-not even on Communist North Viet Nam's terms. There are hints of a gradual weakening of Chinese influence in Hanoi, another development which could move Peking to gamble. A split in the Lao Dong Com- munist politburo in North Viet Nam was illuminated in a long article by politburo member Le Duc Tho in the Hanoi newspaper Nhan Dan and Hoc Tap. comrades have developed erron- eous thoughts and views. Concern- ing the combat task, they have made an incorrect assessment of enemy and us and of enemy ruses. the balance of power between the Now they entertain subjectivism and pacifism, slacken their vigi- lance and fail to get ideologically ready for combat. Now they see only difficulties and do not see opportunities; display pessimism, perplexity and a reluctance to protracted resistance; fail to re- alize clearly the deceptive peace negotiation plot of the enemy, and This must mean that some au- thorities in North Viet Nam are interested in peace talks and that some are heavily influenced by the Soviets. "Relying on outside aid" is a phrase Peking uses to down- grade the value of Soviet help. The article deplored "a num- ber of comrades who still fear sacrifices and hardships, shrink from difficulties and lack an exemplary vanguard spirit in pro- duction and combat." That suggests, a growing wear- iness with the war in some quar- ters in Hanoi. North Viet Nam's economy never was very strong, and despite the aid of Communist countries, which is considerable, the conflict interferes with indus- trial and agricultural development. Still echoing the Chinese line, the article-as have others since then in Hanoi's press-stressed the importance of the Viet Nam struggle to "the revolutionary movement among world people." If the Chinese-oriented Commun- its cannot demonstrate in Viet Nam that "people's war" pays off, the revolutionary movement else- where in the world is likely to suf- fer, this suggests. Le Duc Tho, a propagandist who has headed his party's training school and been a revolutionist since his teen-age days, is tabbed as pro-Chinese. At the moment, it seems likely that the pro- Chinese element in Hanoi's polit- buro is in the majority. But there are hints that the split is so close to even that it would not take much to tip the scales. The prospect of such a develop- ment conceivably could motivate Red China to some sort of pre- ventive action. East European Communists, who are familiar with the ins and outs of party struggles, evidently detect all this and worry about the potentialities. Between the lines of their com- ments there seems to be evidence of worry that escalation of the war could come from the Chinese side, rather than the American. The resulting complex and con- fused situation could then involve European and Soviet communism in developments they evidently had hoped to avoid-possibly even the showdown, in the style of the Cuban missile crisis-for which Red Chinese policy appears to have been working all along. He wrote: "A small number of rely on outside aid." Congressional, HISTORY LESSON: NLF Organized in Classic Communist Take-Over Form Vote WASHINGTON () - Secretary of State Dean Rusk told a worried Congress yesterday if there is doubt about the U.S. position in Viet Nam, let the House and Senate vote-"Let us find out." But first, he said, let every member think long and deeply about the 'real path to peace. President Johnson was silent on. the suggestion Rusk put before the Senate Foreign Relations Commit- tee and a radio-television audience that spanned the nation. For nearly six hours, Rusk on, Viet War Policies. methodically outlined and defend- TV he was going to shoot the sec- ed Johnson's policy in the Viet- retary of state. namese war. Rusk was guarded by a heavy police force when he left the old "He has tried to act with the Senate Office Building, across the .firmness necessary to organize the street from the Capitol. His auto- peace, but. to act also with the mobile was preceded and followed prudence which is necessary to by security cars. prevent events from moving out "There are moments," Rusk told of control," Rusk said. "Every the committee, "when toughness is avenue for a peaceful settlement essential for peace." will be explored." Limited Objective While Rusk testified, an anony- There are 205,000 U.S. fighting mous telephone caller told a Bal- men in South Viet Nam, but Rusk timore television station, WMAR- said the United States is not press- ing for a "quick military solution regardless of cost. "We have a most limited ob- jective here in terms of denying to the other side its attempt to seize South Viet Nam by force," he said. "Our commitment is such that they cannot be permitted to take South Viet Nam by force. "What that means no one can surely say," the secretary said. "We hope that it will mean that they come to the conference table and make peace." Committee Chairman J. W. Ful- bright (D-Ark) said the United States should strive for a com- promise settlement. He said the Vietnamese conflict could trigger! world war. And he said there must be something wrong with U.S. di- plomacy if it cannot get the Communists to talk about a com-, promise. Repeal Resolution "I would hope that before the . votes are taken that members of the Congress would go into a quiet corner and think very long and deeply about what we've been through in the last three decades," Rusk said, "and on what basis we can build a peace-and then decide which vote is a vote for war and which vote is a vote for peace." Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore), a critic of the Johnson policy, has proposed that the Senate repeal the Aug. 10, 1964, resolution with' which Congress authorized any measure including armed force to bar Communist aggression in South Viet Nam. Morse said he will seek a vote on his proposal next week. While the committee heard Rusk's testimony, the Senate was considering a bill that would authorize another $4.8 billion to pay for the Vietnamese war. That, too, loomed as a test of congressional sentiment. "Now we have pleadings filed on both sides," Morse had said after Rusk outlined the administration case. "There must be a political settlement in the United States." It was hours later that Rusk talked of a vote. "How do we organize a peace?" he asked the committee. "Do we do it by saying to those who would like to commit aggression, no, it won't work?" That, Rusk said, would be his course. "If you we don't want Nam, that is a he said. tell the other side trouble, take Viet step toward war," By The Associated Press Evidence at hand, and past ex- perience, indicate that if the Unit- ed States dealt with the Viet Cong's political front (NLF), it would be negotiating with what amounts to a shadow government prepared to take over in South Viet Nam. The Mat-Tran Dan-Toc Gaiai- phong is organized as if it were the government of a sovereign na- tion with president, cabinet min- isters, diplomatic representatives abroad and even regular army and police. Harm vs. Interests Rusk already had said repeal of the resolution, the step Morse seeks, would harm U.S. interests. He said it would bring about "a major change in the world situa- Viet Nam got it about 1957. Ngo heavily supported cans - had acco some U.S. sources miracle by stampi armed sects and p try together. The gime grew suspici position of whatev Diem's R Historian Philli French expert on' in 1962 that Diem directly into Coi Calm had been South Viet Nam,1 to stage wide-sp arresting Democra cialists, adherent, suspected Commu little discrimina wrote. The Commnists ize in earnest in s biggest boost 1959 the new phase of the war in Dinh Diem- Viet Nam began, and in 1960 the by the Ameri- NFLSV was formed. mplished what The Front and Hanoi insist described as a that South Viet Nam's affairs ng out dissident must be settled "in accordance ulling the coun- with the program" of the Front, n the Diem re- which claims a decisive voice as ious of any op- the South's "only genuine repre- er political color. sentative." 1egime That program was written at the ppe Devillers, a time the Front was formed, prob- Viet Nam, wrote ably in September 1960., Its exist- 's policies played ence was announced in December mmunist hands. 1960. established in The program calls for unity but Diem began against the foreigner, in this case read manhunts, "the colonial regime of American ts, Liberals, So- imperialism." It pledges a liberal, s of sects and democratic regime. It promises an nists alike with independent economy, improved tion, Devillers living standards, land reform and reduced land rent, distribution of began to organ- land to peasants who work it and the villages. In displacement of all landlords. tion." Classic Communist Form "To our disadvantage?" asked A lawyer, Nguyen Huu Tho, 55, Sen. Karl E. Mundt (R-SD). is chairman of the Front's Central "To our disadvantage," said Committee Presidium, part of the Rusk. classic form of Communist or- Rusk said one-sided worry about ganization. a widening conflict could lead the Tho made it clear this week Communists to expand the Asian that the front is set up along struggle. . lines of a government which is "If only one side worries about prepared to take over. It has, he escalation," Rusk told the com- reported, its own "main force mittee, "then you can have a big army" in addition to regional war." armed units, militia and guerrilla Commitments forces. Rusk said U.S. policy-guided by The front has set up "people's the commitments of the Southeast self-administration committees" Asia treaty has been steady and in areas held by the Viet Cong. firm, but restrained as well. These form the basis for provin- But he avoided saying just what cial and village-level government. =r i CO-OP the United States would do to meet future Communist moves. "What is the extent of our com- mitment in South Viet Nam," asked Sen. George D. Aiken (R- Vt), "and is there any point be- yond which we would not go in meeting that commitment?" Rusk: "The commitment is con- tained in the language of the Southeast Asian treaty." Aiken: "That doesn't give any limit." Rusk: "I'm not going to say that this country has accepted in advance a certain point beyond which it will not go in meeting its commitments." He said that could lead to mis- understandings and Communist miscalculation of U.S. intent. Current-Conflict But Rusk stressed the current boundaries of conflict. "Some peo- ple are concerned about a great land war in Asia," he said. "I would like to comment that this is not the shape of that conflict at the present time." Like Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, who testified Thursday, Rusk said Communist recognition of U.S. determination is a key factor in a quest for peace in Viet Nam. "They must not count upon di- visions among us to give them what they want in Viet Nam," he said. The Front also claims to have dis- tributed to peasants in those areas about four million acres of rice- fields and other lands. Diverse Groups The Front encompasses, at least nominally, all manner of groups: the People's Revolutionary party, the Socialists, the "South Viet Nam Democratic party," the na- tional minorities, the Buddhists, the Hoa Hoa and Cao Dai religious sects. One member of the Central Committee, Joseph Maria Ho Hue Bang, is described in propaganda as a "son of devout and patriotic Catholics." Also represented are "liberation associations" of wom- en, peasants, youth and others whose organizations are linked with Communist-controlled fed- erations abroad. The Front claims legitimacy on grounds that it was organized in South Viet Nam's Cochin China. Its propaganda does not say when or exactly where. But the evidence points to at least inspiration from Communist North Viet Nam. The manner of organization re- calls classic lines devised by Com- munists for forces whose ultimate purpose is to envelop a nation. Guerrilla and underground organ- izations have been set up else- where the same way for years. Authorative witnesses insist that the Communist movement in South OPEN HOUSE SUNDAY, FEB. 20th 2:3-:30 P .M. Learn more about co-ops at Pickerill House, 923 S. Forest ! 3:30-4:30 P.M. All houses will be open FOR MEN: Michigan House-315 North State Nakamura House-807 South State Owen House-1017 Oakland Pickerill House-923 South Forest FOR WOMEN: Lester House-900 Oakland Osterweil House-338 East Jefferson Vail House-602 Lawrence Mark VI I House-917 South Forest Stevens House-816 South Forest FOR MARRIED COUPLES: Brandies House-803 East Kingsley The Inter.Cooperative Couci Approved by the University, run by the students -Associated Press SEN. J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Sec- retary of State Dean Rusk pass each other prior to yesterday's committee hearings on the war in Viet Nam. .orld News .o. ndup By The Associated Press DETROIT - The United Auto Workers Union said yesterday it ,has asked American Motors Corp. to reduce its work force "to a real- istic number," rather than shut down all auto assemblies as it plans from Monday to March 7. American Motors, only U.S. automaker to show a decline in sales last year, previously shut down for a period this year"'opera- tions in its automtoive plants at Milwaukee and Kenosha, Wis. MIAMI BEACH, Fla. - Some AFL-CIO officials, saying publicly for the first time what many have been thinking privately, accused President Johnson yesterday of ignoring his promises to organized labor. "If President Johnson had put as much emphasis on the repealpof 14B as he did on his wife's beau- tification bill, we would have got- ten repeal," said Executive Secre- tary Peter McGavin of the AFL- CIO Maritime Trades Department. McGavin and several other un- ion officials said Johnson was to blame for the Senate's failure to break a Republican filibuster that buried the repeal bill. The bill would have wiped out laws in 19 states that forbid union shop con- tracts under which all employes must join the union. * s s . NEW YORK - United States Steel Corp., the No. 1 producer, boosted the price of boiler plate $4 a ton yesterday. A company spokesman said the increase covers about one-tenth of one per cent of all steel sales. There was no immediate public reaction from Washington. How- ever, President Johnson's Council of Economic Advisers was reported to have started staff-level exam- ination of the situation. MIAMI BEACH, Fla. - Ameri- can maritime unions said yester- day they will boycott all foreign ships dealing with North Viet Nam unless President Johnson per- suades U.S. allies and other non- Communist nations to stop deal- ing with the enemy. if: I PAUL BUNYAN BALL Tonight 8-1 League Ballroom $2.50 per couple Tickets at the Door I ~~ I 11 The University of Michigan , CAREERS IN WORLD AFFAIRS Discuss the Opportunities with Us! MR. JOHN SIMONS, Executive Director WUS: Non-Government Service Organizations (WHO, UNICEF, PAN-AM UNION, etc.) PROF. GEORGE EDER, Bus. Ad.: Business Opportunities Abroad MISS MILDRED WEBBER, Appts. Bureau: U.S. Government Agencies (Peace Corps, USIA, etc.) *k DR. ROBERT KLINGER, Director of International Center: U.S.-based International Careers Ur- , .- . -N rw e. p - (1 tl INTIERiFRATIERNIITY COUNCIL Innounces IF C COMMITTIEIE MIEMBERSIH1IIP OIPIENIINGS 11 t" .. Opem to All Fraternity Members, X.,t I 11 f Iit 1 , * ALr t IA1 rA 11 11 II 11