WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY I6, 1966 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREIF WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 196& THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THRF~ #: filA lf..I 1aa LVL i/ Writer's Trial Illuminates Soviet Fear of Criticism By The Associated Press Reaction to Moscow's show trial of two writers adds up to general agreement that the Soviet leader- ship damaged itself badly. It il- luminated once again, for the world to see, a weakness of Com- munist dictatorship: Fear of even the breath of criticism. Communist leaders outside the Soviet Union indicate they have been jolted and that they expect their parties to be hurt by the conviction of the two writers on charges of slandering the USSR by publishing books abroad. Communist parties in Britain, Denmark and Italy deplored the terms at hard labor given to Andrei D. Sinyavsky and Yuli M. Daniel because of novels and stories critical of the Soviet Union they published abroad under pen names. Writers' organizations and others also criticized the trial. Sinyavsky was sent to a "strict regime corrective labor colony" for seven years, and Daniel was given five years. There can be no appeal. The Soviet news agency Tass said the spectators at the trial applauded the verdict and added:. "The slanderers got what they deserved." The official press had declared them guilty from the beginning. The event brings up the specters of forced labor camps, of thought control and other aspects of Stal- inism which Soviet leaders had professed to reject. The prosecution attacked the writers on the assumption that they served Western anti-Soviet propaganda. Between the lines, the real fear of the Soviet leaders seems to shine through. Defendant Daniel got to the heart of the matter when the judge accused him of slandering the USSR with unbelievable im- putations. Retorted Daniel: "If it is clear that no one could believe it, how could you suggest that any slander is involved?" It appears that fear of Western propaganda disturbed the party leaders less than fear of the ef- fects of questioning and skepticism on the Soviet public. If only West- ern propaganda had been involved, the Soviet leaders might have im- proved their image as men with confidence in their own system by ignoring the two writers. But the leaders have been en- tangled in a struggle for more than 10 years, since Nikita S. Khrushchev opened a Pandora's box by destroying Stalin's hero stature. The struggle arrays party leaders against a large element of the Soviet intellectual population. The trial demonstrated how fearful the party leaders are that their large personal stakes in the system were imperiled' by the searchers, the skeptics, and the disillusioned who want to remove the old taint of Russian barbarism which stands out in sharp relief on the doorstep of cultivated Europe. Whatever the party does now, it must accept as a fact that there are substantial forces among So- viet intellectuals who have a strong influence for social change, who demand a reasonable amount of individual freedom and a right to think. The trial was, in a sense, a reversion to Stalinism. Telling writers what to write and every- body what to think is Stalinism, but the party evidently wants to avoid going back to the old ter- roristic repressions. Thus the see-sawing struggle in the background in which, every so often, the party has felt im- pelled to crack down to insure its future authority. Pravda, the Communist party paper for example, has complained periodically about such things as "ideological immaturity" among university students and other in- tellectuals who tend to question and even reject gibberish aspects of Marxist-Leninist theory. Thou- sands of students have been evict- ed from higher education institu- tions on such grounds alone. Restlessness among the rising Soviet generation is obvious, along with growing skepticism and dis- illusion with an older generation which accepted excesses for so long. Writers probed for reasons for the restiveness, and often probed too deeply. The doctrine that the party is' master of everything has been questioned. Its claim at least in the field of mastery over indi- viduals' thinking, now clearly is challenged, despite the punish- ment of the two writers. Reports circulated that Kon- stantin G. Paustovsky, 74, con- sidered the dean of Soviet liberal writers, had written a letter to Sinyavsky's attorney protesting the conditions under which the trial was held. Westerners in Moscow speculat- ed that the case might provoke Soviet writers to various forms of protest in an effort to help their colleagues and to discourage the government from further repres- sion. Communist parties in Italy, France, England and elsewhere in advanced countries are embar- rassed. If this still is the image of communism projected by the leading Communist power, the parties will have a tough time explaining to people they most want to attract-intellectuals who mold opinion. Thus, Communist parties in Europe and elsewhere have felt obliged to join a chorus of revul- sion. The Italian Communists, aware of the fierce independence of Italian intellectuals, found the nub of the problem to be the Soviet party's internal battle with its own people. Other Western Communists found the whole per- formance incomprehensible. McNamara: Viet C Step-Up ong COURT RULING: F FTC Calls Unnoticed Decision Setback for Anti-Trust Action Intenid Fall Hits UseN Of Quotes in U.S..Memo Professor Complains Administration Used' His Book Incorrectly WASHINGTON OP)-The profes- sor cited in a Johnson administra- tion memo on Viet Nam yesterday reacted against the conclusions reached in the document. Prof. Bernard Fall of Howard University 'said yesterday quotes about the National Liberation Front the administration used and attributed to him came from a book he published several years ago, but he complained "one can-{ not use a 1962 statement to back a 1965 fact." In its memo, the administra- tion came to the conclusion that recognizing the NLF as an inde- pendent party to negotiations would make it difficult to keep... the group from subsequently gain- ing a role in South Viet Nam's 4 government. The memo also said the NLF was created and controll- ed by North Viet Nam as a politi- cal front for the Viet Cong guer- U.S. SC rillas in the South. Among other sources, it quoted a statement by Fall that the NLF was an artificial creation that came into being after a 1960 meet- ing in Hanoi urged its establish-j ment. In contrast to this, Fall said yesterday the United States should B treat the NLF in the South as a separate entity from the Hanoi re- KARAC gime. "Splitting off the opposi- President tion" in this way would tend to announce divide and then weaken the ene- lion U.S my. nance th 3n Fall also said the administra- His ar tion had failed to note, as his of 'a day book had, that Communist guer- Ayub Kh rillas had begun fighting in South tations t Viet Nam some three years before the wor the NLF's birth, and this "was resuming caused by real grievances exist- militarya ing inside" the country. The memo to which Fall object- LONDC ed had been requested by John- ment de son after his conference with American South Vietnamese leaders. The form the Saigon chiefs opposed negotiating strategic with the Vlet Cong. The de To War Secret Talk , To Senators Made Public Says U.S. Has No Plans for Offensive On North Viet Nam WASHINGTON (P)- Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara has cautioned senators that the Viet Cong have increased their strength and given "every inten- tion of raising the intensity of the conflict" in Viet Nam. And, he said in censored testi- mony made public yesterday, the United States is making prepara- tions, should the need arise, "for substantially increasing our de- ployment in South Viet Nam and raising the rate of activity of our air units there." But McNamara, in his closed- door testimony late last month and early this month before the Senate Armed Services and Ap- propriations committees, said the United States has no plans to mount an offensive against North Viet Nam to crush the Communist regime of Ho Chi Minh. As to concerns the war might escalate into a nuclear showdown, McNamara said "I don't believe any commander, and certainly not I, has anticipated any possible use of nuclear weapons in South Viet Nam." Pressed about whether this in- cludes North Viet Nam, McNamara said: "It is not our intention to carry on military operations in North Viet Nam that would re; quire the use or make desirable the use of nuclear weapons." As McNamara's testimony was released, eight House Democrats urged a slowdown in military ac- tivity and commitment in Viet Nam, and called for admission of Red China into the United Nations They said the National Libera- tion Front, of which the Viet Cong is the military arm, "must be recognized as a principal bellig- erent in the war and as a neces- sary party to any peace conference settlement." WASHINGTON OP)-A virtually unnoticed court decision, which would wipe out the enforceability of antitrust orders against nearly 400 corporations, was called a "serious setback" by the Federal Trade Commission yesterday. If any of the companies should violate the orders-mostly price discrimination cases under the Clayton Antitrust Act-the FTC would have to start all over by filing new complaints against them. Although the ruling, handed down by the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, was a finding in favor of Jatzen, Inc., makers of swimsuits and apparel, it is of utmost importance to many other major firms. Companies These include General Motors Corp.; P. Lorillard Co.; Crosse & Blackwell Co.; General Foods Corp.; National Biscuit Co.; Sher- win-Williams Co.; The Bulova, Elgin and Gruen watch com- panies; \Anheuser-Busch, Inc.; Borden Co.; Curtis Candy Co.; six leading book publishers, and several foremost tire, candy, cos- metics and drug supply companies. In presenting its case to the San Francisco court, the FTC had argued unsuccessfully that Con- gress "did not intend to grant amnesty to the almost 400 law violators under order." The commission said that unless its views were upheld, "4$ years of Clayton Act enforcement and al- most 400 orders to cease and de- sist would be wiped from the books." All the cease-and-desist orders affected were issued be- tween 1914 and 1959. Officials, FTC officials reaffirmed their concern yesterday. One called the situation a "real mess." But James B. Truly, assistant general coun- sel in charge of appeals, said he could not predict whether the case would be appealed to the United States Supreme Court. However, some antitrust lawyers predicted that the Supreme Court would almost certainly accept the case if FTC decides to seek a re- view, because of the importance of the question involved and the great segment of industry directly affected. In the San Francisco arguments, attorneys Edwin S. Rockefeller and Joel Hoffman of the Wash- ington law firm of Wald, Hark- rader & Rockefeller had contended that the U.S. Circuit Court lacked jurisdiction to enforce FTC's 1959 ruling against Jantzen. The court agreed. The case involved charges by FTC that Jantzen violated the Clayton Act by paying advertising allowances to some favored deal- ers without making them available to competing dealers. uu- CBS President QuitsOver Coverage of Viet Hearings -Associated Press SOLDIERS PULL IN a reluctant Viet Cong guerrilla. The Americans, of the 1st Air Cavalry Division, were on a search operation some 20 miles southwest of Bong Son. WorldNewfl~fs Roundup] NEW YORK (AP) - Fred W. Friendly, president of CBS News,. resigned yesterday in a top- management disagreement over live coverage of the Senate For- eign Relations Committee hear- ings. Dr. Frank Stanton, president of the parent Columbia Broadcasting System, announced the resignation with a statement which said in part: "Mr. Friendly feels that he is unable to continue in his post as a result of a decision made by the recently appointed group vice president-broadcasting, John A. Schneider, not to schedule live television coverage of the testi- mony of George F. Kennan before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last week." AIRPORT LIMOUSIN ES for information call 663-830 Tickets are available at Travel Bureaus or the Michigan Union Schneider's decision was to con- tinue regular programming--soap operas, game shows and reruns- during the day, a period when NBC pre-empted its daytime shows to pick up the Washington hear- ings. Friendly's letter of resignation to Stanton and William Paley, CBS board chairman, called Schneider's decision on the hear- ings "a , business, not a news, judgment" and said it "makes a mockery of the Paley-Stanton crusade of many years that de- mands broadest access to congres- sional debate." A CBS spokesman later an- nounced that the network planned live coverage of the Senate hear- ings Friday night. Discuss the GOSPEL **. ahh, according to PEAN UTS that is! MCF 7:30 P.M.--FRIDAY Meet in front of the SAB y The Associated Press CHI, Pakistan-U.S. Vice- t Hubert H. Humphrey ed last night a $50-i- . loan to Pakistan to fi- e import of commodities. nnouncement, at the end of talks with President han, fell short of expec- hat Humphrey would tell ld the United States is general economic and aid. ON-The British govern- ecided yesterday to buy n supersonic bombers to main thrust of Britain's nuclear strike force. ecision was reached dur- ing a sweeping review of defense policy for the 1970's carried out by Prime Minister Harold Wilson's Labor cabinet in 6/2 hours of dis- cussion Monday and yesterday, of- ficials said. WASHINGTON-Gross National Product-the value of all goods and services produced in the econ- omy--surged to a record $676 bil- lion last year, the Commerce De- partment reported yesterday. Last quarter figures pushed to even higher levels than project- ed by the department because of accelerated defense spending and continued large gains in consumer spending and business investments, the department's Office of Busi- ness Economics said. DURHAM, N.C.-A conference coordinated by eight Democratic congressmen urged yesterday that the U.S. stop its bombing of North Viet Nam and that the Viet Cong be included in peace talks to end the conflict in Viet Nam. DETROIT-Doctors reported a slight improvement yesterday in the condition of Rabbi Morris Ad- ler, critically wounded Saturday when shot in the head and arm by a member of his congregation, but said they were "extremely guarded" in their prognosis for his survival. 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