Seventy-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS

er hOpnons il il r v l re
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
WEDNESDAY;FEBRUARY 9, 1966 NIGHT EDITOR: BRUCE WASSERSTEIN

New NDEA Proposal:
A Disaster for Students

CanI
WITH REGARD to the present
propaganda in the Viet Nam
war, the Division of Humanities
in the universities is again dem-
onstrating its worthlessness and
unconcern for reality. I have not
heard a single critique and pro-
test from any academic faculty,
in literature, history, or philos-
ophy, of the style and morality
of the Viet Nam coverage in the
TV and other media. But if these
facilites are not society's watch-
dog in these matters, to maintain
the fundamentals of civilization,
who else?
The jingo propaganda has ra-
pidly descended into pornography,
calling on ultimate passions and
suffering, showing enduring, bleed-
ing, and crippled men, to win
trivial political consent from a
comfortable audience. It does not
help, either, that the scenes of
suffering are interrupted by com-
mercials for sexy soap, filtered
cigarettes, and sleek automobiles.
In my opinion almost no human
purposes are profound enough to
justify showing the suffering and
sublimity of war; only the com-
passion of Homer or Tolstoy can
carry it. The appeal to patriotism
is always suspect. But certainly
the motives of the Vietnamese,

Ye Be Moral and Yet at

whether right or wrong, for free-
dom, self defense or revenge, are
more appropriate to such violent
rhetoric than McNamara's cal-
culated policy, whether correct
or not. It is shameful for our
propaganda to use such scenes
and glibly say, "150 V.C. were
exterminated," as if they were
not human beings too. We shall
not be forgiven it.
The war between the National
Liberation Front and Saigon has
been marked by horror, terror and
torture on both sides. Twenty
years of war have brutalized the
Vietnamese people.
NEVERTHELESS, from a moral
point of view, this brutalization of
the Vietnamese is a far lower
grade of evil than the dehuman-
ization of our high-flying airmen
detached, scheduled, raining down
death and fire, and destroying the
crops. These airmen are not much
different from public hangmen.
In the TV their gab is presented
as cheerily technical, a beautiful
American disposition but which,
under the circumstances, does
little credit to them as grown-up
men.
There is no way of making our
technological onslaught look good;

Paul
Goodmani
our media should have the decency
to refrain from trying, and to
restrict their coverage to stoical
communiques and abstract state-
ments of policy.
Historians recount with ridicule
and disgust the similar propa-
ganda of previous wars of other
countries and of our own country.
We ought to get wise to ourselves
and say, this won't do.
Think, after this is over-if it is
ever over and if the nuclear war
doesn't break out-how we will
look at the pictures of our good-
natured soldiers giving out candy
to children. Meantime we burn
the rice fields. And it has hap-
pened that the candy itself has
been used as a bribe to show' the
way to father's hiding place.
BECAUSE of its peculiar nature,
the Viet Nam war has cast a
bright light on the moral de-
gradation of our country: our

sentimentality and callousness;
our self-righteous cant and ir-
responsibility to other people's
needs and dignity; our abdication
of democracy to authorities who
are not even believed; our abdica-
tion of morals and politics to
technological means; the compla-
cency of our middle-class drafting
the poor and sharing vicariously
in their ordeal; the domineering
wilfulness of great power that
says "Submit or else."
Unlike Professor Genovese, I
would not "welcome" the victory
of the NLF and Hanoi; every
"victory" at present is a further

War?
set back for world peace. But if
we won this war, it would be an
unmitigated moral disaster for
ourselves and mankind.
Let me tell a melancholy anec-
dote. I was recently at a confer-
ence at Cornell, attended by a
galaxy of distinguished theologians
from all over the world. During a
sharp exchange, suddenly Visser
t'Hooft, the executive secretary
of the World Council of Churches.
turned on me and said, "Don't
talk morals to me, you're an
American." There was nothing for
me to do but hang my head. That's
nice, isn't it?
Copyright, Paul Goodman,19M5

a
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THE MOST IMMEDIATE effect of an
elimination of loans to students un-
der the National Defense Education Act
would be to force many students now
attending college against their future
earnings to terminate their education.
President Johnson is asking Congress
to abolish a program that last year made
available to the University $980,000 and
this year $1.3 million for student loans.
Last year, University students obtained
1,458 loans, averaging $650.
The effect of this would be to force
students now attending school through
the loan program to seek other sources
of funds.. But, it is unlikely that any
other source would cost the student as
little as the NDEA loans.
Johnson asks local banks to take over
the .loans, which would be backed by
the government to guarantee repayment.
However, many banks have already in-
dicated that they want no part of such
a program. The Huron Valley Bank will
not give any loans to even Michigan
students because interest payments on
the loans would not begin for three or
four years, or possibly longer, if made to
a freshman or sophomore. Moreover, the
Ann Arbor Bank, along with many De-
troit banks, have indicated that they
would be reluctant to give loans, in any
case ,to out-of-state students.
IF JOHNSON'S PROPOSAL does become
a reality, a student would have to go
to a local bank, presumably one in his.
eighborhood, and convince them to
participate in the government program,
and to believe his quotations of costs.
But this would cause another problem.
Can a student be sure of exactly how
much money he needs? Any student is
aware that the cost of a year's school-
ing is considerably above that stated for
room, board, fees and books. But would
an incoming freshman, or even a sopho-
more preparing to live in an apartment
know this?
In this respect, the University acts as

a ' guide to the student, giving him a
realistic appraisal of the costs of a year
of education. Many students applying
for a NDEA loan for the first, and often
the second time, have been advised to
seek a bigger loan.
But a student negotiating a loan with
a bank could not profit from University
advice. If he contracts for a certain
sum, he is forced to take that amount,
whether it is needed or not. Thus, the
student might be faced with a shortage
of money, or too much money. It's nice
to have more money than you need, but
not when you're paying interest for the
privilege.
The government charges three per cent
annual interest in loans. Payment with
interest starts one year after the student
completes his education, with the prin-
cipal of the loan payable in a 10 year
period.
UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM, students
would obtain a loan at bank rates,
usually or 7 per cent but the government
would pay a maximum of three per cent
interest. But this is a maximum, and
the actual amount of the subsidy would
vary, depending on the "need of the stu-
dent" which has not as yet been defined.
Under the new program students would
likely pay a higher interest rate than
the present three per cent. The cost of
education, requiring them to get the loan
in the first place, would be increased by
that' much. Even in the situation where
the actual interest paid is three per cent,
it is unlikely that a bank would agree to
a 10 year payment period on a loan of
$650, the average size. It doesn't pay to
give small capital loans with long per-
iods of repayment. Of course, one way
to offset the increased bookkeeping costs
if a 10 year plan were adopted, would be
to increase the interest rates.
In this situation the student will al-
ways lose.
-ROBERT BENDELOW

Readers Attack
Legal Aid Board

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U.S. Must Negotiate with NLF

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"YES." In the devious political world,
such a concise and clear answer is
rare indeed. But that was the answer
Sen. Robert F. Kennedy and Theodore
Q. Sorensen, special counsel to President
Kennedy, both gave at last weekend's
United States Student Press Association
conference to the question: "Should the
U.S. negotiate directly with the Nation-
al Liberation Front in South Viet Nam?"
Government spokesmen have frequent-
ly alluded to various means by which the
"views of the NLF might be represented"
at a Viet Nam peace conference. Secre-
tary Rusk said this summer that the
NLF might even be represented within
the North Vietnamese delegation to such
a conference, and the U.S. has given sev-
eral variations on this general theme for
some tire. But the U.S. has never said
it would actually negotiate with the
Front itself, the views of men such as
Kennedy and Sorensen notwithstanding.
It is true that, as the recent report by
Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-Mont) indicates,
only "about 22 per cent of the (South
Vietnamese) population is under Viet
Cong control and about 18 per cent in-
Editorial Staff
ROBERT JOHNSTON, Editor
LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM, Managing Editor
JUDITH FIELDS ....... , .......... Personnel Director
LAUREN BAHR ........... Associate Managing Editor
JUDITH WARREN ........ Assistant Managing Editor
aA iL BLTMBERG............. . ... Magazine Editor
TOM WEINBERG ................... . ... Sports Editor
LLOYD GRAFF ............ Associate Sports Editor
PETER SARASOHN..............Contributing Editor
NIGHT EDITORS: Robert Carney,- Clarence Fanto,
Mark EKilingsworth, John Meredith. Leonard Pratt,
Harvey Wasserman, Bruce Wasserstein, Charlotte
Wolter.
DAY EDITORS: Babette Cohn, Michael Heffer, Merle
Jacob, Robert Moore, Roger Rapoport, Dick wing-
field.
ASSISTANT NIGHT EDITORS: Alice Bloch, Deborah
Blum, Neal Bruss, Gail Jorgenson, Robert Kiivans,
Laurence Medow, Neil Shister, Joyce Winslow.
ASSISTANT DAY EDITORS: Richard Charin, Jane
Dreyfuss, Susan Elan, Shirley Rosick, Robert Shiller,
Alan valusek.
Business Staff

habits contested areas" and that NLF
control over this 40 per cent of the pop-
ulation is very often based merely on ter-
ror and force of arms. It is also true that
the war is to a very significant extent
planned, directed and executed by the
North, and that since 1964 Northern
troops have been increasingly and heav-
ily involved in the South.
But it is also evident that the NLF
has expressed, however cynically, aspir-
ations and demands to millions of Viet-
namese, and has the unqualified support
of many of them. It is still more appar-
ent that the U.S. cannot win the war in
Viet Nam unless it is willing to nego-
tiate with all its adversaries-and that
merely "representing the views" of the
NLF at peace talks is obviously inade-
quate. Many diplomats believe that Com-
munist China must be party to any peace
talks; it would be difficult to commence
and impossible to enforce a peace con-
ference to which the NLF was not invited
and committed.
AMBASSADOR - AT - LARGE Averell
Harriman, interviewed on Sunday,
said that the Front coud be represented
at a peace conference as an independent
delegation. But State Department offi-
cials said the statement represented no
change in policy-which is simply untrue
-and it was not clear whether Harriman'
was voicing a policy change or making
the statement on his own initiative.
In view of recent events, this ques-
tion becomes urgent. Hanoi, it was dis-
closed yesterday, has sent a letter to In-
dia requesting that as the neutral chair-
man of the International Control Com-
mission on Viet Nam, she press for a re-
convention of the Geneva Conference of
1954" to settle the conflict in Viet Nam.
The apparent stalemate at the United
Nations Security Council, where neutrals
have voiced doubts that the UN can or
should solve the dispute and reluctance
to try and the tragic resumption of air
attacks against North Viet Nam indicate
that, if the U.S. ignores the Hanoi letter,
the door towards peace will have been
cnoie for nn dih1v the last time.

r" di, fj r"'
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To the Editor:
HERE IS an old political saw
that says, "If you want to
know what a politician is up to,
watch his feet and not his mouth."
It is about time someone watched
the feet and not the mouths of
the Board of Trustees for the
Legal Aid Clinic.
Recent public statements of
James Hiller and John Hathaway
(members of the board) have ob-
scured the board's inaction and
unwillingness to meet their re-
sponsibilities.
While professing the need for
complete legal services for the
poor, the board has ordered the
Legal Aid Clinic not to handle the
following matters: felonies, high
misdemeanors, real etate trans-
actions, personal injury claims;
workmen's compensation claims,
mortgages, land contracts, wills,
probate niatters, most creditors'
claims, (including wage claims)
and virtually all applications for
aid by needy students.
Inflexible financial standards
and cumbersome administrative
procedures have also been imposed.
A review committee established to
consider hardship cases has never
met nor. acted.
WHILE CLAIMING to have
provided for "maximum feasible
participation of )the poor" the
board has thwarted every attempt
to guarantee this participation.
Not one of, the eight member
board is from the low income com-
munity. No members have been
appointed to the Citizen's Ad-
visory Board although this group
was formed last fall. The Board
of Trustees has never held a public
meeting where the poor could pro-
test board action. No meetings in
the neighborhoods of the poor
have' been conducted.
In fact, the board has made no
provision in its budget for any
kind of educational, informational
or public relations program among
the poor.
While praising the Bar Asso-
ciation's contribution to Legal Aid,
the Board of Trustees has ac-
cumulated over $1300 of debt with-
out providing the funds for its
payment. The Bar Association
originally agreed to provide $1000
to the Legal Aid Clinic but has
since halved this to $500. Local
attorneys who have promised to
assist the student attorneys in
preparing cases have become in-
creasingly unavailable.
The board claims to have co-
operated with all interested par-
ties. Yet, the board chairman,
Miller, publicly announced that
the Board of Trustees would not
meet or talk with the Michigan
Law School Legal Aid Association,
Office of Economic Opportunity
Staff members, members of the
poverty community or the County
Committee for Economic Oppor-
tunity.,
THE BOARD of Trustees de-
clared that it would maintain a
Legal Aid Clinic even if no fed-
eral funds were forthcoming. Yet,
at its most recent meeting, the
board voted to close the Legal1
Aid Clinic on February 10 unless
some other "institution" provides
funds and support.ud
The Board of Trustees needs to
do more walking and less talking.
This county needs an effective
legal aid clinic and is depending
upon an interested and dedicated
Board of Trustees to provide it.
-David W. Croysdale, '66L
To the Editor:
WOULD like to commend Mr.
Hathaway for the powers of ad-
vocacy displayed in his letter of
February 5 concerning the "facts"
about the Legal Aid Clinic; I
would not pretend to equal such
finesse in argumentative presen-
tation. But - as every lawyer
knows - advocacy alone cannot
win a case; since my presentation

depends on what has happened,
not accusation, my weakness of
advocacy should not prejudice my
case.
It is always advantageous to
state in simple terms what kinds
of legal services Mr. Shriver or
Br. Bamberger "prefer"; such
statements never subject to debate
since source citation is always
conveniently absent.
I suggest that the best explana-

the Washtenaw County OEO Coin-
mittee are the same criticisms
leveled against other legal aid
groups, and the OEO Committee
is merely asking for the most
effective legal aid possible.
MR. HATHAWAY fails to ex-
plain that the QEO Committee
has been very reasonable in Its
demands; contrary to his conten-
tion, the responsibility for failing
to provide an "aggressive" legal
aid falls not on the persons mak-
ing reasonable demands, but on
those refusing to meet those de-
mands.
The OEO Committee has criti-
cized the stringent standards pro-
posed by the Board of Trustees of
the Legal Aid Clinic; the book.
Law and Poverty 1965, also states
on page 49 that "frequently, (legal
aid) standards are unreasonably
strict." Two months ago, the board
set out 10 categories of cases which
would not be handled by the
Legal Aid Clinic, Even after con-
siderable pressure from the stu-
dents and the OEO Committee, the
board has not yet changed those
standards and Mr. Hathaway still
attempts to pass the buck to the
committee for not providing a
"comprehensive legal plan."
The most vital issue is repre-
sentation of the poor, and that
issue is not resolved by accusing
other groups of inadequate repre-
sentation or by vague references
to what Mr. Shriver "wants."
When, asked to, add poor people
to the Board of Trustees, the
board answers that it has com-
promised far enough.
FIRST, if their rejection is a
matter of personal pride, then
obviously they are worried not
about the poor, but about them-
selves.
Second, if they maintain they
are not in a power struggle, then
why do they use the word "com-
promise" which usually implies a
confrontation of some sort.
Third, the board has comp ro-
mised little if at all: H. C. Curry
is the only "representative" of the
poor and he is a councilman and
a carpenter, (hardly a poor per-
son, but he has been very vocal
which has perhaps frightened the
board); the board permitted the
theory, of an advisory board coi-
sisting of poor.,persons which has
never been established and if it
ever is, it will probably be as in-
effective as the present Student
Board whose advice has been com-
pletely disregarded.
And finally, past compromises
are nosubstitute for present per-
formance. 'No one suggests that
the legal profession should re-
linquish control of the Board of
Trustees, only that some poor per-
sons, be present to vote on Im-
portant issues.
SINCE THE BOARD has little
to do with individual cases, there
is no danger of interference with
the attorney-client relationship.
The board decides overall policy
and It is 'precisely these questions
which should involve the poor who
must bear the burden of these
policy determinations.
The board has given no reason
for excluding the participation of
the poor, it has refused to com-
promise with the OEO Committee.
and it has carried out an extensive
publicity campaign to discredit the
conscientious efforts of the com-
mittee.
-Ron Glotta, '66
Can It Work?
To the Editor:
HOB' CAN we rural dwellers
escape the unlawful invasion
of our premises by "sporting"
anarchists in search of something
to kill when the United States
government has regularly violated

the principle of "self determina-
tion" of other peoples while pro-
claiming that it is protecting that
right?
American workers, wake up and
put an end to death-dealing capi-
talism and set an example for
Eurasian workers to put an end
to death-dealing Sino-Soviet des-
potism.
FOR 75 YEARS, the Socialist
Labor Party has correctly pre-

a
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4e 1% 0
"IIA A CONS(ENTIOUS OEJETOK TO THE WAR ON POVERTY."
Viet Nam Victory by Apathy
Or the Po-wer of Television

By DAVE KNOKE
BURIED DEEP in the inside of
yesterday's New York Times
was a special from Saigon which
detailed the inauguration of tele-
vision in embattled South Viet
Nam. At the time only 500 sets
had been installed for the first
showing. After addresses and pro-
paganda from the nation's leaders,
an army officer appeared on the
screen and addressed the throngs
gathered in Tu Do square for an
open air showing.
He promised that the lucky
Vietnamese could look forward to
such American imports as "Bo-
nanza," "Perry Mason," "Ed Sul-
livan" and the "Tonight" show.
Then United States Secretary of
Defense McNamara appeared on
the screen and began a speech
which was run accidentally at
twice the normal speed, making
him sound like Donald Duck. Sta-
tion THVN, as it will henceforth
be known, will become a regular
feature of the Annamese land-
scape, with nightly broadcasts
from 8:00-11:00 p.m.
One wonders, upon recalling the
lead headline of the same news-
paper-"Johnson-Ky Talks Begin
With Accord on Reforms as a
Key to Winning War"-if the ap-
parent coincidence of the two
talks was in reality a carefully
synchronized event. The U.S. has
dedicated itself to winning the
war against communism in South
Viet Nam. After casting about in
vnain wit, apnc rof iinfitifl

top beer cans, motor cars, instant
coffee and the television. The old
traditions and customs are de-
teriorated by the exposure, then
a mind-lulling, euphoric state
creeps over the populace and they
care for nothing more than to
return from a day's work of'pull-
ing the plough around the field,
collapse in the hammock with a
cold earthenware vessel ofscoke,
and tune on "Mickey Mouse" on
the boob tube.
THE U.S. IS now trying to raise
the standard of living of peoples
everywhere threatened with mak-
ing a choice between Marxist dia-
lecticism and folk rock. With the
inauguration of daily TV broad-
casting in South Viet Nam, the
forces of democracy have brought
a strategic weapon into play,
against which the enemy cannot
prevail.
It has been suggested by several
self-appointed Viet Nam experts
that the U.S. could do much to
expedite the war by plane dropping
thousands of leaflets on the Viet
Cong with pictures of women, aces
of spades and other hex signs
that would cause the guerillas to
immediately take fright and flight.
While this project may be feasible,
this solution is dependant upon a
passing Red bothering to take the
time to climb to the top of the
nearest bao tree and retrieve that
funny piece of paper stuck on the
branch.
A much simpler solution, killing
+wo hinds with nn estone: would

moving screen, and with dawning
comprehension, realize too late
that they have been drawn ito
a trap, brainwashed and captivat-
ed beyond their control by "Gil-
ligan's Island."
MOP-UP ACTION by U.S. spe-
cial forces would not need to waste
bullets. Finding the formerly per-
nicious guerillas now milling
around like cowed sheep, the
Americans and South Vietnamese
would only need herd the shat-
tered Viet Cong forces to the
nearest drive-in movie and keep
them in a perpetual idiots' delight
with old re-runs of "Father Knows
Best."
With the country now rid at
long last of its irritating gad flys,
the U.S. can begin her exportation
of America's Best in earnest. Cad-
illacs, medicare, the graduated in-
come tax, Beatle records, spot
advertisements, selected-vocabu-
lary primers, diet cokes, mentholed
triple-filtered cigars and green
stamps with gasoline will all pour
in to become assimilated and
eventually usurp the mentality of
the hithertofore uncomplicated
peasant.
It will become standard practice
that shows which fail their Neilsen
ratings back in the States, need
not fail to complete their con-
tracts. They can be rerouted to
Saigon where they will receive en-
thusiastic receptions from a pre-
conditioned audience. Eventually
one can fnresee that New York

4