THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE THREE WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 9,1966 I Discuss Escalation Plans WAR CREATES SHORTAGE: Low Unemployment Rate Seen As Result of Economic Boom In Hawaii, London Sessions Wilson Hits Extension of Viet Raids Increased Escalation Seen as Threat to Major Asian Conflict LONDON (P)-Prime Minister Harold Wilson told the House of Commons last night he has stated to President Johnson that Brit- ain's support for U.S. policy in Viet Nam would not extend to bombing Hanoi and Haiphong. Speaking in a debate on Asia, Wilson said the British govern- mnent "deprecates pressures for a wider war" and expressed fear that the war in Viet Nam could explode in a conflict of vast di- mensions. "As long as this fighting lasts there is danger of its escala- tion to the scale of a major war in Asia and possibly something worse," he said. "Thete now is going to be no victory for any- body. There must be, therefore, a political solution." Attacks Cohorts Defending the Labor govern- ment's support for U.S. policy, Wilson jabbed his finger at re- bellious leftists in his own party and told them if they want peace they should appeal to the Com- munists. Wilson said he discussed the new year bombing pause with President Johnson on his visit to Washington last December. It was at that meeting, he asserted, that he also expressed Britain's op- position to bombing the North Vietnamese capital, Hanoi, and its big port, Haiphong. The disclosure had an immedi- ate mollifying effect on Labor's left. John Mendelson, one of the MP's leading the campaign ,against British policy on Viet Nam, called Wilson's opposition to bombing Hanoi "a forthright and firm declaration." Mendel- son said it was a good starting point for future British peace proposals and urged the prime minister to take a more independ- ent line before visiting Soviet Pre- mier Alexei N. Kosygin in Mos- cow later this month. Wilson told the House he felt r Johnson had no choice but to or- der the rsumption of bombing after North Viet Nam failed to respond to the American peace offensive. "I am absolutely convinced of the absolute sincerity of the U.S. President to get to the confer- ence table," Wilson said. "In my own heart, I hoped it would be true that if America stopped bombing, Hanoi would come to the peace table." Left Reaction Then the prime minister turn- ed to the green leather front benches on his right, where the leftwing members of his own La- bor party sat next to their lead- er, Michael Foot. "Why didn't we see the same pressure on Hanoi when the bombing stopped?" Wilson said slowly, his finger pointing. "I would have been more impressed if the international telegraph wires were sizzling to Hanoi."' Led by Foot, 31 Labor legisla- tors of the left had introduced a motion in the House regretting the government's support for re- sumption of bombing and urging Wilson to dissociate the govern- ment from U. S. policy in Viet Nam. The motion was not aimed at forcing a vote, but as assuring that one of the sponsors would be called on to speak in the de- bate. 4> - Humphrey Plans Trip t l j 1 i -Associated Press RETIRED LT. GEN. JAMES M. GAVIN said that Central China rather than Southeast Asia would be a favorable location for American efforts in case of global war, before the Senate Foreign Rela- tions Committee yesterday. Gavin Advises U.S. Restraint In Reaction To Viet NamWar WASHINGTON (P)-Retired Lt. Gen. James M. Gavin advised senators investigating U.S. Asian, policy yesterday that "we can't afford to pull out" and we should not escalate." He was described by Chairman J. W. Fulbright (D- Ark) of the Senate Foreign Re- lations Committee as one of the leading strategists of the postwar nuclear age. With all the U.S. economic and military power, Gavin said, "I can't conceive of us losing this." Gavin cautioned, however, of the possibility of a confrontation with Red \China if the United States put too many troops in Viet Nam and voiced belief the decisive battle would be fought not in Viet Nam, but in Thailand. Hits Involvement The thrust of Gavin's argu- ment seemed to be against be- coming overcommitted and over- responding in Viet Nam. He said he was startled at the vast sums being budgeted for Viet Nam and asked, "Aren't we be- coming mesmerized by this?" Time and again the possibility of a war with Red China came up in the questioning by commit- tee members who have been ham- mering at U.S. foreign policy. Cites Korea Gavin expressed concern that if the United States, stepped up its troop commitment, say on the or- der of 750,000 men, Red China would reopen the fighting in Ko- rea. And if Red China should step in directly, Gavin said, "I think the confrontation will occur when and where they want it to occur." Although Gavin urged that the United States should use re- straint in Viet Nam, he voiced belief that the initiative for ac- celerating the war is in Peking's hands. 'Over-Response' That is why, Gavin said, "I am concerned with an over-re- sponse in Viet Nam." "I would hope we could do something other than expand the war," said Gavin. "But I think we will end up fighting in other areas than Viet Nam, such as Thailand." Gavin was summoned by the committee to talk about a con- troversial. letter he wrote to a magazine. The letter was inter- preted by some as calling for an end to bombing and a retreat to fortified enclaves in South Viet Nam. Says Misinterpreted But Gavin told the committee his views had been misinterpret- ed-''I didn't say we should re- treat or withdraw." After Gavin left the stand, Ful- bright told reporters "I think the whole committee is worried whether the Viet Nam fighting will involve an eventual war with China." He said he does not believe there has been as much concern within the committee on any is- sue in the last 20 years. Stressed Korean Unity He said there was more unity at the outset of the Korean War "which had the support of the United Nations" and where there was "an overt aggression." "The United Nations reacted and the United Nations support- ed it," he said. "I don't remem- ber there was much dissent," he added. Fulbright added that partisan differences developed later in the Korean War with the approach of the 1952 elections "and it be- came Truman's war." But he said "you didn't have groups raising the question of the legal basis for the war" and "I think this is different." And he said there is concern about whether the United States is responding in the right way in Viet Nam. Fulbright announced that the hearings will continue next week with the major witnesses on Mon- day to be Gen. Maxwell D. Tay- lor, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and until recent- ly ambassador to Saigon, accom- panied President Johnson to Hon- olulu for the Viet Nam strategy talks. Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo) said that the Armed Services Committee had been told in se- cret session by "the highest mili- tary sources" that if bombers were given more license in their tar- gets it would reduce the flow of Red supplies down the Ho Chi Minh Trail and thus reduce the number of GI's needed. For Parleys South Vietnamese Premier Refuses To Negotiate with North HONOLULU (W) - Presidentk Johnson and South Viet Nam's government chiefs yesterday end- ed their mid-Pacific .conference with a "Declaration of Honolulu" asserting their determination to defeat the Communists in Viet Nam and to build a better life for its people. A joint communique and the declaration, dealing mostly in gen- eral principles, was put out after the White House announced that Vice-President Hubert H. Hum- phrey will go to Viet Nam and five other countries in the West- ern Pacific. Chief of State Nguyen Van1 Thieu urged the United States to bomb the chief North Vietnamese port of Haiphong and other in- dustrial targets. The United States; so far has avoided this, fearing it might escalate the war. Hits Policy Then Thieu delivered anotheri blow to U.S. policy. He said he would be unwilling under any con- ditions to sit at the peace con- ference with the National Liber- ation Front, political agency of the Communist Viet Cong guer- rillas. The United States has said it would be willing for the Viet Cong to sit at the peace table under certain conditions. In rejecting Johnson's peace moves, North Viet Nam has insisted the Front is the only representative of the South Vietnamese people. In New Delhi, the Indian gov- ernment is studying what to do about a two-weeks-old letter in which Ho Chi Minh is reported to have asked President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan's good offices for peace in Viet Nam. Sends Messages A spokesman for North Viet Nam's consulate general said such a letter was one of several the chief executive of the Hanoi re- gime sent to various capitals Jan. 24. The tone of these communica- tions as broadcast by Radio Ha- noi Jan. 28 was tough, with no mention of any overture for ne- gotiations. Discuss Escalation Thieu spoke at a news confer- ence along with Premier Nguyen Cao Ky, who said he had discuss- ed with Johnson an increase in the number of U.S. troops in South Viet Nam. There are 201,000 U.S. troops there now and the number will be increased, but Ky said: "I can say the new troops arriving in South Viet Nam are not decided yet." Irritated Ky showed irritation when pressed about peace negotiations, saying: "Why don't you go and ask the aggressors when they will stop their aggression, and then we'll have peace." Like Thieu, Ky flatly opposed any negotiations witr the Viet Cong and said that he would have no part of a coalition government with the Communists. Ky said the military situation is 100 per cent better than eight months ago and predicted the col- lapse of the North Vietnamese re- gime. By the end of 1967, "the year we will have free elections," he said, "we will eliminate the in- fluence of the Communists in South Viet Nam." WASHINGTON UP)-Adminis- tration forces failed to blast a union shop bill loose from a Sen- ate filibuster yesterday and vir- tually conceded defeat for this session of Congress . Opponents of the bill which would end the right of states to outlaw union shop contracts turn- ed back a move to invoke the Senate's debate-limiting cloture rule. The vote was 51 for cloture and 48 against, or 15 votes short of the two-thirds-66 votes-requir- ed to cut off debate. Early Test Democratic Leader Mike Mans- field of Montana, who left a sick- bed to direct the losing fight to get theradministration-backed bill before the Senate, carried out a previously announced intention to setwup another test vote to- morrow. But he all but threw in the sponge by announcing that a mil- itary authorization bill for the Vietnamese war will be the pend- ing business when the Senate re- turns next week after a Lincoln Day recess. The recess is due to begin to- morrow after the second cloture vote. Mansfield said the bill is dead for this session if he loses again. He has been confined to Bethesda Naval Hospital by an attack of the flue. Denounces Filibuster In an appeal for cloture be- fore yesterday's vote Mansfield denounced the verbal blockade that has prevented him since Jan. 24 from calling up the bill as an attack on "the whole of organized labor which had the effrontery to advocate it." Declaring the filibuster against the measure also was an attack on President Johnson "who had the gall to recommend its pass- age," Mansfield told his col- leagues: "When a month is spent on a question which routinely takes five seconds, reason and mutual restraint lose their grip here, the Senate invariably reaches an im- passe of futility." Hurt States' Rights Senate Republican Leader Ev- erett M. Dirksen of Illinois, who led the block against Mans- field's motion to call the bill up for Senate, action, said the bill would "further invade the rights of the states to legislate." Asserting he was puzzled why union shop legislation should re- ceive priority over Viet Nam, Dirksen asked if "compulsory un- ionism is more important than a youngster who went to Viet Nam under compulsory conscription." WASHINGTON OP) -Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz re- ported yesterday the lowest job- less rate in nine years, but said it is "only the 10-yard line" to- ward President Johnson's goal of full employment without infla- tion. However, severe manpower shortages are cropping up in some key areas of the economy as ris- ing military needs in Viet Nam give new impetus to the five- year business boom. More professional men such as engineers, scientists and mathe- maticians long have been needed almost everywhere. Rate Drops The unemploymentrate dipped to four per cent in January, and Wirtz told Congress it can be cut below 3(1) per cent this year with- out forcing up prices. Wirtz said the nation's record five-year economic boom has al- ADMINISTRA TION DEFEA TED: Cloture Move Fails To Limit Filibuster ready disproved that there must be cycles of depression and pros- perity. "Now the question is whether there can be full employment without creating wage increase pressures which will lead to in- flationary spiraling." Wirtz told the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. Theories Disproved "There is already sconsiderable disproof of the theories of the inevitability of wage and price inflation," he said. Wirtz said the economy in 1966 can more than match the past year's record of soaking up an increase of 1.6 million in the la- bor force, boosting employment 2.2 million to a total of 71.2 mil- lion and slashing unemployment 700,000 to 3.3 million. But the economy must keep ex- panding, with federal policies aimed at stabilizing prices while striving to provide jobs for every American willing and able to work, he said. Interim Goal In dropping from 4.1 per cent in December, the jobless rate in January reached an interim goal of four per cent set by the White House economic advisers in 1962. Actually, the January rate dip- ped under the four per cent-to 3.952 per cent-but the Bureau of Labor Statistics rounded it off to the higher figure as it usually does and adjusted it for seasonal factors. Without seasonal adjust- ment, the rate was 4.4 per cent. Total employment dropped 1.8 million in January but it usually falls 200,000 morethan that, and the number of unemployed climb- ed 400,000 - about 100,000 less than expected for that month. Special Areas Wirtz said to push the jobless rate down further the government must now concentrate on special areas - the unskilled, women, youths, Negroes and the poor. He said Johnson's "Great Socie- ty" programs were in large meas- ure responsible for the past year's improvements in the job picture. Wirtz noted reports of growing labor shortages but said these are mostly in skilled trades while un- employment is worse among un- skilled teenagers-with a 12 per cent rate-and nonwhites with a 7 per cent rate. High School Workers "Half of the teenage unemploy- ed are in school and looking for only part-time work. Their get- ting it may be the difference be- tween their being able to stay in school," Wirtz said. "This problem is as serious in some ways as the problem of the unemployed father of seven chil- dren, but it is a different problem warranting different analysis and different remedy." The jobless rate for adult men was 2.6 per cent in January and 3.8 per cent for adult women. Can Increase Product "If the unemployment rate for women, could be reduced to that for men this would be reflected in an increase of $3 billion in the gross national product," Wirtz said. Wirtz said that despite fears of a wage-price spiral, labor costs 'have "remained remarkably steady" over the five-year economic boom. "The central point of the past five years' history in this-fcountry is that economic forces, like those of nature, can be shaped to hu- man purpose without compromis- ing the principles of the free so- ciety," he said. World. News Roundup FALL ORIENTATION LEADER INTERVIEWS Ignmup... Now to Feb. 11 By The Associated Press NEW DELHI, India-India ac- cused Red China yesterday of sending troops into demilitarized border zones and said this amounted to "naked and unpro- voked acts of aggression aimed at changing the status quo by forci- ble penetration." LUSAKA, Zambia - The Brit- ish High Commission reported it is costing Britain about $2.8 mil- lion a month for its share in the oil airlift from Indian Ocean ports to landlocked Zambia. Nor- mal supplies through Rhodesia have been cut in consequence of the British embargo on that se- ceded colony. * * * TEL AVIV, Israel - Shooting broke out across the Israeli-Jor- dan armistice line in the south- ern Judean Mountains yesterday, an Israeli army spokesman said. He said an Israeli army patrol was fired on twice and returned the fire during the second inci- dent. There were no Israeli cas- ualties, he added. * * * HAVANA-Prime Minister Fi- del Castro's brother has joined in accusing Communist China of propagahdizing against the Cu- ban armed forces. Armed Forces Minister Raul Castro, in a speech published yes- terday, said the Chinese were guilty of "an indescribable lack of respect" in intensifying "their internal propaganda activity aft- er all the public and private warnings made to them." STUDENT OFFICES (2nd Floor, Union) * former leaders need not interview < oc>c<>o<==:->c<>c=>o<=>o<=>o c=:>o c.- Be My Valentine C With a Bay's Circle Pin v Cy. VIET NAM Withdrawal or Negotiation? a discussion with Lew Jones and Anatol Rapaport FR. ERNAN McMULLIN speaks on "Teilhard de Chardin" Friday, February 11 . .* 8P.M. Auditorium A-Angell Hall "Teilhard de Chardin-Jesuit Father and a dis- tinguished palaeontologist. He is able to envis- age the whole of knowable reality not as a static mechanism, but as a process. He is driven to search for human significance in relation to the trends of that enduring process."-Sir Julian Huxley.