PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, JANUARY 6. 1966 PAGE FOUR TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, JANUARY 6,1966 Us.S Peace Offensive' Urges Talks on Viet Crisis By The Associated Press The second and most dramatic phase of President Johnson's peace offensive is nearing an end with- out any public indication from the Communists in Viet Nam that they are ready for talks on stop- ping the Southeast Asian war. A shift in presidential attention to the hard realities of expanding military operations to increase pressure on the Communists to force a settlement sometime in this new year if possible is indi- cated but unconfirmed. The administrations public em- phasis remains on peace probing and officials have not ruled out the possibility that secret contacts with the Communists may have been more encouraging than pub- lic contacts. Cease-Fire The first phase of administra- tive efforts was the not-too-suc- cessful Christmas cease-fire which was succeeded by dispatch of many peace-seeking envoys in the second phase, which still is going on. The public contacts ,made by special emissaries Johnson sent flying off last week, do provide a dramatic background for the criti- cal decisions which are coming up for presidential action in prep- aration for the next session of Congress opening a week hence. The Vietnamese war is expected to add more than $10 billion to the President's budget and this coupled with manpower escala- tions provided a special signifi- cance to the President's drive in the Christmas-New Years period. Two Purposes The campaign is regarded by well informed Washington author- onstrating effectively his deep de- conferred with Soviet officials inj ities as having two major pur- sire to end the war if possible. Moscow. poses: Policy Talks Roving Ambassador W. Averell First, to see whether the con- Vice-President Hubert H. Hum- Harriman, whose unheralded trip flict could be shifted from the phrey flew back from the Far East to Warsaw last week started the battlefield to the conference table; Monday after a four-nation trip. whole thing, was still traveling Second, to demonstrate that if It was originally planned as an in the Middle East after visiting the war must be expanded at assignment to a presidential inau- other European Communist lead- greater cost and wider risks to guration in the Philippines but ers as well as Asian capitals. peace the blame would be fixed then, under instruction, Humphrey squarely on the Communist ene- talked U.S.-Viet Nam policy every- Maximum Effort my insofar as U.S. actions could where he met foreign government It was a maximum effort John- put it there. leaders - Japan, Formosa and son put on with these men, mak- Johnson's dispatch of high-lev- South Korea as well as the Philip- ing them the obvious cutting edge el officials and diplomats on fly- pines. of his peace offensive, about as ing and slightly mysterious mis- Ambassador to the United Na- much as he could have done to sions to world capitals served the tions Arthur J. Goldberg, whose draw attention to his campaign purpose of dramatization, if noth- initial mission was to talk peace without going abroad himself. ing else. Administration authori- with Pope Paul VI, returned to the While attention was focused on ties are convinced that it served United States on the weekend aft- the traveling envoys, U.S. ambas- much more-that Johnson has in- er top" level conferences not only sadors around the world were in- deed been getting his combined in Rome but in Paris and Lon- structed to make American views peace message and war warning don as well. Other emissaries flew on Viet Nam clear to the govern- across to the Communists at the to Canada, Mexico and Africa, and ments to which they are accredit- same time that he has been dem- U.S. Ambassador Foy D. Kohler] ed. But the first phase of the cam- and East European Communist paign which was overwhelmed by governments have been saying the grandstand tactics of the sec- that no peace talks would be pos- ond was possibly more important sible so long as the bombing of to the serious diplomatic tests of the North continued. The Russians Communist policy and intentions., particularly have pressed the Unit- The first phase began with the ed States to create a better cli- Christmas Eve truce in North and South Viet Nam. The truce effectively stopped the bombing of the North and Presi- dent Johnson simply chose not to resume it when the ground war started up again fullscale in the South the day after Christmas. Private Initiative The suspension of bombing un- doubtedly has been accompanied not only by show-window public diplomacy but by a number of private diplomatic initiatives un-; dertaken through official and un- official channels which exist be- tween Communist North Viet Nam and Washington. For almost a year the Soviet mate for opening negotiations by stopping the bombing. Johnson did so last May in a five-day peace move that the Reds scorned. This time he is already well beyond the five-day limit and a moderately long pause would not surprise Washington officials al- though its duration is apparently subject to day-to-day decisions by Johnson. But the administration appears determined to make a careful and deliberate test of the Soviet idea -shared by many other U.S. poli- cy critics-that a substantial pause In the bombing of the North would promote peace talks. i I STUCK WITH AN APARTMENT TO SUBLET FOR THIS SUMMER? Here's How To Rent It Quick Through The Michigan Daily's "Student Housing Guild" You can save yourself hundreds of dollars in wasted rent money by sublet- ting your apartment for the summer. The quickest and easiest way to sublet your pad is through The Daily's special apartment supplement to be published Sunday, January 30th (and distributed free on campus January 31st). EXAMPLE Population Rise Hits Developing Countries T E iii:, '" 'X.., . {{ t . , a a .cN r r' ° 'l fiQC F .~.ix' * f c T ic For only five dollars you can place a one-column by four - inch advertise- ment with a guaranteed circulation of 10,000 copies and 30,000 read- ers. One Column by Four Inches THE MOST IN LUXURY 4-Man Apt. with air- conditioning, garbage disposal, large balcony, off-street parking, central heating, large picture window. THREE BEDROOMS CALL 668-90591 for personal inspection of Apt. 206 1000 Oakland .DON'T MISS THIS GREAT OPPORTUNITY! But don't wait; the Dead- line for apartment ads is January 21st, and is limited. Come call now! space in or ONLY $S I all kinds of people go for fire-brewed flavor You Can Place Your Ad in Person, 420 Maynard, OR CALL 764-0560, DAILY, FROM 12:45-4:15 P.M. What makes Stroh's so popular? It's. flavor...a different flavor you can wrap your thirst around. Whether you're a. big man on the campus, a belle of the ball, or just one of the boys, you'll enjoy that fire-brewed flavor. Have a Stroh's! ' A'l I "e Since 1883 I IVAHB'S University Bookstore for the Best in BOOKS and SUPPLIES-serving Michigan Students Since 1883 Thousands of Michigan Men and Women have found our dependable and courteous service combined with the friendly atmosphere of a "real bookstore" the answer to their book and supply needs. New and Used TEXTBOOKS and SUPPLIES By The Associated Press How can you tell a "developed country" from a "developing coun- try?" The most exact way, says the United Nations, is by the level of humanareproductivity - the birth rate. The birth rate of nations in North America, Europe, U.S.S.R. and Japan ranges from 17 to 25 per 1000 population per year. These, clearly, are "developed" countries. In the rest of the world -Asia, Africa and Latin America -birth rates range from 39 to 50 per 1000 per year. These, then, are the developing countries. What difference does it make? Well, demographers-the people who study the science of people- think it may make a lot of dif- ference to know in advance what the world will look like. in the year 2000. Nobody knows for sure, but here are some educated guess- es: Developing Countries In 1900, two-thirds of all the people in the world lived in the developing countries. Today that figure is three-quarters, and by 2000 it will be four-fifths. In 1900, the world's population was 1.6 billion. Today it is 3.3 billion, and by 2000 it will be 7.4 billion. The increase in the first 65 years of this century was 1.7 billion, but the increase in the last 35 years of the century will be 4.1 billion. That, in a nutshell, is the "population explosion." The cause of this is quite clear. The "rate of increase" for pop;la- tion is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. In the developed countries, the dif- ference yields an annual "rate of increase" ranging from 0.5 to 1.7 per cent. In the developing coun- tries the rate of increase ranges from one to 3.5 per cent. At 0.5 per cent, the population doubles in 139 years. At 3.5 per cent it doubles in 20 years. Population Growth The main argument about the "population explosion" is how vio- lent it will be. Nobody can $ore- tell exactly, due to the uncertain- ties-war, famine, pestilence. But the experts agree that the popula- tion in the year 2000 will be be- tween 6.8 billion ,and 7.4 billion- well over twice what it is today. The crux of the. dilemma lies in the fact that while the world's population is zooming, the amount of land available to feed and house it remains the same. The Population Reference B u r e a u, which studies these matters, re- ports that in 1930 there were 40 people to the square mile in the world. Today there are 63, and by 2000 there will be 142. Land Base "How," asks the Bureau, "are so many people. particularly on the Asian continent, going to be, supported on ~a shrinking per cap- ita land base?" Europe, the world's most crowded continent today, has about three acres of land per per- son, by the year 2000 will have on- ly about two acres. "But rural, undernourished Asia is moving headlong toward having only one- and-a-half total acres per person; only a fraction of an acre of ar- able land per capita," says the Bureau. The answer, already evident, is the rush to the cities. The Bureau foresees a rapid growth of teem- ing "slum cities," such as Cal- cutta. Of the trek to the cities, a recent United Nations report said: "Like the migrations of lemmings, nothing seems to stop it-not the scarcity of jobs, not the absence of decent shelter, nor the presence of real hardship." This report foresees a proliferation of squatter towns and "the slums of Harlem or the bazaars of Calcutta." FOR ALL UNIVERSITY COURSES TW SGC, Student Book Store, New Theatre, 55 Million Program Sesquicentennial, Housing " ALL Campus Events " ALL covered in m I .I