PITTSBURGH: A LESSON FOR 'U' See Editorial Page Y gilt 471A& iy FAIRLY FRIGID High-Z Low-0, Partly cloudy; intermittent light snow Seventy-Five Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVI, No. 100 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1966 SEVEN CENTS EIGHT PA(TLi v 1S budget eflates Iti Plans Education Pr:etors Face Trial On Trespass November Decision Appealed by Draft Board Demontsrators By CHARLOTTE A. WOLTER The appeal of a trespass con- victon of 29 University students and professors who participated in the Oct. 15 sit-in at the Ann Arbor draft board will be heard this morning in the Circuit Court in the County Building in Ann Arbor. At the trial in November the protestors were convicted of tres- passing and sentenced to ten days in jail and a $65 fine and court costs. The lawyer for the demon- strators asked for a stay of sen- tence until the school semester was over. When the stay was denied, the appeal was filed with the intention of delaying executiqn of sentence until near the end of the semester. The protestors were released on an appeal bond. Trial Postponed The appeal of the demonstrators was first scheduled to be heard Dec. 16 where seven of the de- fendants planned to. change their pleas to guilty while 29 were to continue the appeal. At the re- quest of the prosecution the trial was postponed until today. The defense for the protestors, as expressed in the "Pre-Trial Memorandum of Law" while ac- nowledging that they did indeed Scommit a minor crime of tres- pass, attempts to establish "the nature and extent of the right or duty of a citizen of a nation to protest the actions of his own government which he considers to be in violation of international law and morality." Civil Protest Written by Ernest Goodman, a Detroit lawyer, the defense argues that civil protest is a form of speech because, "'speech,' in the First Amendment sense, is a shorthand expression for the com- munication of ideas." He cited several precedents including num- erous civil rights cases from the South. He then went on to say that "the characterization ofs the de- fendants' protest as a trespass does not automatically remove it from First Amendment protec- * tion." First Amendment Goodman gave several examples to support his contention that the protest should be protected by the First Amendment. First, as the protest was "directed against our government's policy of committing troops to a war in Viet Nam, the appropriate agency for the protest was the draft board." Secondly, he argued that no in- jury was caused and that the op- eration of the draft board contin- ued during the sit-in. Thirdly, he argued that in cases where "con- trol of private property . . . com- peted with the defendants' action in protesting . . . the right of peaceful protest should prevail." He cited the case of New York Times Co. vs. Sullivan, supra to show that "open, uninhibited cri- ticism . . . must take precedence over minor infringements of prop- erty rights by a technical tres- pass." Nuremburg Precedent To support his contention that the protest was an obligation un- der international law, Goodman cited the Charter of the Interna- tional Tribunal at Nuremburg which defined international crime as ". . . the planning, initiation or waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties ..., or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accemnlishim ent of any of the w foregoing. . " He th-n used Ihe brief of the Iawyers' Committee on American Policy toward Viet Nam as proof, established hy leading professors of law, that United States involve- ment in Viet Nam was illegal. What's New At 764-1817 Ilotliine University of Michigan staff members have contributed over $1800 toward the legal defense of 13 students whose draft status was changed to 1-A as a result of the Ann Arbor draft board sit- in. According to James McEvoy III, chairman of the Student Legal Defense Committee, over 300 professors, researchers and administrators have responded to an appeal for funds. McEvoy added that some of the contributors made it clear that they disagreed with the students' protest against the war and opposed their sit-in tactics "but," said McEvoy, "they all believe the Selective Service should not be used to suppress the right to dissent. . Jerry Badanes reported yesterday that definitely over 100 people had registered for classes of the newly founded free university. The university has "almost found" a place to hold classes, Badanes mentioned. Registration was held yesterday at Canterbury House. Assembly Association yesterday discussed its up-coming merger with Inter-Quadrangle Council, which will form Inter- House Council. David Moomy, '65, who presented the revised constitution, said that there were "no major changes" and that most problems had been "symantical." A new clause made the actions of the Executive Board subject to the approval of the Presidents' Council. The Presidents' Council also has the power to impeach board members. Assembly President Georgia Brown said that she hoped the merger would provide for more effective representation of resi- dence hall men and women and provide for the preservation of individuality of houses in the dorm system. Couzens said it thought larger dorms should have more rep- resentatives in Presidents' Council. One representative from each houses is on Presidents' Council, with the exception of the larger houses, Stockwell and Couzens, which have two. * * * * Gary Schaub, administrative assistant for the University's Professional Theatre Program, said that ticket sales for the Play of the Month Series are "doing extremely well." The PTP pres- entation of "The Absence of a Cello" was nearly sold out, Schaub said and the rest of the productions in the program "are also doing very well," X * MUSKET will add one performance on Friday, Feb. 11 at 8:30 to its schedule next month. The show, which runs from Feb. 9-12, will now have six performances. Students held 40 per cent of the paid jobs involved in Uni- versity research projects in 1964-65. According to a report issued by the Office of Research Ad- ministration, 3,519 students were employed as technicians, assist- ants in research, and similar positions during the year. Of the students who were employed part-time on research projects, 1,807 were graduate students and 1,712 were under- graduates. Long Distance A recent National Collegiate Athletic Association ruling that athletic scholarships may not be awarded to students unless they carry a 1.6 grade average (on a 4.0 scale) may force eight mem- bers of the Ivy League to drop out of the NCAA if they refuse to comply. Robert Rolfe, Dartmouth athletic director, said that the attempt of the NCAA to provide a minimal standard throughout the nation "is generally a good one," but that the academic standards in the Ivy League are so high as to penalize the athlete more than at other schools if the ruling were followed.. If the eight Ivy League schools drop out of the NCAA, the only tangible penalties would be ineligibility to compete in any of the NCAA post-season championships. However, Arthur Daley, sports columnist of the New York Times, said it is likely that "100 other colleges would join in the departure" should the Ivy League be banned from the championships. Funds Cut by $572 Million, Major Federal Loan Programs Shifted to Private Loan Subsidy By CLARENCE FANTO The new federal budget unveil- ed yesterday reduces total expen- ditures for aid to higher educa- tion by $572 million. Major fed- eral loan programs will be shift- ed to private loan agencies in the fiscal year of 1967. The cut in federal aid "will reduce the anticipated growth ofj loan programs at the Universi- ty," Walter B. Rea, director of fi- nancial aid, told The Daily last night. The National Defense Education' Act, one of the chief student loan programs, now in effect, will be eliminated in favor of federal guarantees for private loans. Un- der the present NDEA program, college loan money is supplied directly by the federal govern- ment. In 1965, the University re- ceived loan funds totalling more than $1 million through the NDEA program. Possible Problems It was reported in Washington that President Johnson may have difficulty in convincing Congress to abandon the highly popular and successful NDEA program, which was enacted in 1958. The President is apparently' hoping to draw increased private financing to student loan, hous- ing and academic facility pro- grams. Under the new plan, the government will guarantee pri- vate agency loans and pay an in- terest subsidy for students com- ing from families with annual in- comes less than $15 000. The budget calls for total NDEA loan expenditures of $30 million in 1967, a decline of $149 million from this year. However, 775,000, additional students would receivej private loans subsidized and guar-" anteed by the government, an in- crease of 475,000 students over last year. Accelerator Receives No New Funds AEC Announcement Proposes Addition of 'Bubble Chamber' By WALLACE IMMEN President Johnson's budget re- quest did not include funds for development of a proposed 200 billion electron volt (BEV) na- tional nuclear accelerator and physics laboratory. GRAPH DEPICTS REVENUE and spending for record-shattering $112 billion federal budget releas- ed yesterday by President Johnson. New11I U FiueUhwMr For'efnse Sening, Banks Reluctant Rea warned, however, that prob- WASHINGTON (") - President from five to six per cent in the urged improvement in unemploy- lems can be expected punless we Johnson sent to Congress yester- excise levy on airplane passenger ment compensation; and renewe;d have greater cooperation fro o day a $112-.8-billion budget, by tickets. his demand for repeal of section cal banks." Several arearom lo- far the biggest in history, with a Education- 14B of the Taft-Hartley Act, which have been reported to be reluctant notice that he may come back for Federal outlays for education permits states to outlaw the union to grant federally guaranteed stu- more money and new taxes if the were estimated at $2.8 billion, a shop. G dent loans, Rea said. war in Viet Nam gets hotter. 23 per cent increase from this year The Great Society programs "I hate to see the NDEA pro- He warned also that the military as the new programs passed by actually are being stepped up by gram goebeueecause it was soo valu- build-up, on top of an expected 7 Congress in 1965 hit full stride, more than $3 billion, Johnson said, able; students could work closely per cent upsurge in national out- Labor- but in several cases - chiefly in with their schools 'in obtaining put, will "raise the threat of price Johnson called for an increase housing and education programs- loan money," he added. "Under instability" as the booming econo- - six unspecified - in the $1.25 private lending is being substitut- the new system, students will my nears full employment. hourly federal minimum wage; ed for direct federal support. contract for loans with their This inflationary risk makes hometown banks, just as prospec- necessary "some moderate re- NOR TH CA MPUS: tive homeowners can receive gov- straint through tax policy," John-_ ernment-guaranteed loans for son said. He asked quick approval construction purposes. of the $4.8-billion step-up of in- N "We will have to take a more come, corporate and excise taxes careful look at our plans for ex- already sent to Congress. pansion for our loan programs," These revenues, plus the tax Rea said. There had been plans collections generated by an un- to request at least $1.5 million in precedented sixth straight year of A ctivitiesNaeanei NDEA loan funds for next year. economic growth, Johnson said, The President is reported hope- will provide $111 billion of receipts ful that' private financing of stu- in fiscal 1967 and bring the budget By HARRIET DEUTCH is a student facility building, nor withine$1.8-billiongofoacbalance. will it ever fill the need." He dent housing loans and academic wThere is growing concern that pointed to the fact that there are facility loans can be encouraged That would be the smallest def- no direct thought has been given ooms for banquets but "no room by selling participation in poll icit in seven years-and it can be to the development of a stodent just for meetings" n loans which can be financed at achieved, Johnson said, even with activities building on North Cam- Cooper agreed with Feldkamp interest rates below current mar- a net increase of $2.1 billion in pus. With the construction of that as yet no student organiza- ket levels. spending for his "Great Society" three housing units and also the tions like SGC or the Inter- -- - -programs of education, health, possible migration of some colleges Quadrangle Council have ex- housmng and manpower develop- to the North Campus area, the pressed a desire to move to North ment. student population in this area will Campus. "However," he said, "if "Inflation need not be the price1 ln tanster atwir However, the Atomic Energy ommission announced the ,addi- on of a "bubble chamber" to its lans foi the accelerator, which ould raise the cost of the project y $27 million to a total of $375 illion. The immediate implications of e omission on the fate of the roject were not outlined in the udget, and there was only short ention of the fact that no money ad been allotted to the accelera- r. The request was made by the tomic Energy Commission for n additional $10 million which 'as to be used for the investiga- ion of accelerator sites befoe inal selection. The bubble chain- er announcement, though, in- licates that the concept may well e still very much alive. Ann Arbor has an important take in the outcome of the ma- teuvering, as a site in nearby rorthfield Township has contin- tally been noted as one of the host perfectly suited sites for the >roject. The state has set aside 000 acres which it is offering to onate totthe project. This is an ttempt to offset some of the arge monetary offers, of up to hree million dollars, which several tates have established to influ- nce the selection. The addition of a bubble cham- >er has special importance to the University. Since its invention, the University has been building some of the largest ones in' the world. There is a good chance the con- tract for this $27 million addition will go to the University as did one for the Argonne National Laboratory's bubble chamber in 1963. The bubble chamber concept was developed several years ago n a Phoenix _Project grant by Donald A. Glaser, formerly of the physics department, who now teaches at the University of Cali- fornia. The principle which he developed,hconsisting of photo- graphing the trails of particles as they pass through a heavy liquid, won him a Nobel Prize. Present plans for the develop ment of the facility call for $10 million for site development dnd design changes. The joint commit- tee on atomic energy must author- ize the final site before the AEC can request funds, and selection is stillin progress. A group from the National Academy of Sciences has been working for over a year attempt- ing to select the most advanta- geous site from an original group of about 200 bids. Several visits have been made by the selection committee to Ann Arbor and ex- perts from both the University and private concerns have report- ed the site as excellent in every respect. Investigation of the best six or seven sites will begin in February and is expected to take until August. A request for money may then be made, but the possibility now exists that Congress may have adjourned before the request is ready, The requirements established for a potential site were not rigid, but stated that the land must have a stable geologic character, have a good supply of water, be near transportation routes, and offer a scientific atmosphere which would be inviting to the scientists from all over the world who would visit the facility. Several alternative plans have been proposed in attempts to keep costs low in face of the expendi- tures in Viet Nam. These all con- sist of building an accelerator of r s h f FOR FRATERNITY MEN: IFCSponsors Tiutorial Aid By LAURENCE MEDOW ics, French, German, mathematics be paid $4 per hour and the whole and physics were selected as the 10-week program is expected to The Interfraternity Council will fields in which tutoring will be cost the fraternity system $900. launch a tutorial program tonight offered, on the basis of question- This expense may limit future ex- in an effort to provide an aca- naires sent to the fraternity pres- pansion of the program, through demic aid for fraternity men. Fif- idents. Interest shown in the pro- a more direct asssesment to each teen tutors in seven academnic gram in the questionnaires serv- fraternity could be levied to solve fields will be available three ed as the masis for selecting the this problem. nights each week for the next 10 five host houses. No Charge weeks. Experimental There is no direct charge to in- The program, patternod after a "We are beginning the pro- dividual fraternity members who plan at Northwestern Univ"rsity, gram this semester on an experi- use the tutors, however. Th- five is one of a few offered to frater- mental basis," Greiner said .The host fraternities include bo", nity systems in the country. Des program may eventually be ex- large and small houses of both velopment of the plan began last panded to provide tutors in every high and low academic standings. spring and was finalized in the fraternity house but "first, we Greiner exolained that th -. --r41 .- t;,..,' .. lk-++.o ..,..44 ,-4 ;. ...,,.....,+ ica r ~nlrtairnnf.n of social progress; nor should it iCres geLxly. be, a cost of defending freedom," Charles Cooper. executive vice- president of Student Government Johnson told Congress. Council. said, "Our initial concern His bluepront for taxing and is not extending student organiza- spending in the government year tions out there but to be. sure stu- starting next July 1 had these dents have a place to meet." further highlights: Cooper believes that if a large Defense- ;enc ,t tIn 4te I i t Outlays for over-all defense-re- 'ated suending will soar to $60.5 billion, up more than $10 billion from last year and nearly $4 bil-j lion from this year. Besides build- in muscle for Viet Nam, the PentWron will start a second $40- million nuclear - powered aircraft carl'ier and begin pr'curement of the Minuteman ITT, an advanced intercontinental missile. Poverty- The secnd full year of the war oil, ?-vrv w uill hpril ye rxc f student unit is planned for te area, construction of a student center should be planned imme- diatcly "as the land is rapidly being gohbled up so we cannot afford to wait." Campus Commons John Feldkamp, assistant to the Vice-President for student Affairs, cited the North Campus Commons, a current dining area, as a pos- sib'e solution if students demand and need meeting space. Feldkamp aid, however, "requests by student the students there want to form ' clubs they should have a student center building about the size of North Campus Commons with lec- ture halls and recreational fa- cilities." Too Early Mr. William Steude, director of student-community relations, feels that it is much -too early to start developing a student building "un- til the campus blossoms into a fuller complex of academic in- I terests." Steude said that this is3 a future problem and he does not foresee "any particular effort that will be made until there is a more complete campus out there.", He agreed with Feldcamp that the North Campus Commons could be extended if a need arises and also the facilities in Bursley or A Mral ChePe