Seventy-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS The Decline of the Major Nations . Wher Opios ee, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. NEwS PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: MARK R. KILLINGSWORTH The NS First wenty Years: Prblems, Successes and Hope THE FOG has lifted just enough to make it reasonably certain that Red China has suffered a sharp setback in Indonesia. Whether or not Sukarno connived at the rebellion it is fairly clear that, had the rebellion succeeded, Indonesia would have been even more aligned with Red China than it has been up to now. This confirms the general im- pression that Red China is find- ing much more opposition than it expected to its militant foreign policy. Thus, it has had to fall back from intervention in the Pakistan-India conflict. There are some indications that its influence has declined some- what in Hanoi because it is send- ing less military assistance to North Viet Nam than are Moscow and some of the other nations of the Soviet bloc. In the struggle at the United Nations over the admission of Red China, the favorable votes are at present insufficient to overcome U.S. opposition, and among the missing votes are, significantly enough, some of the African states which once belonged to the French colonial empire. NEVERTHELESS, it would be a mistake to inflate this agreeable news into a daydream about the impending defeat or collapse of Red China. That daydream is an old chestnut. The daydreamers have been as wrong about it as were there forerunners i the 1920s who talked to a few emigres and refugees and then knew for sure that the Soviet Union was going to collapse. The setbacks that Red China is experiencing abroad are not unique. One general experience in this age is that all the great powers are finding it increasingly difficult to influence and control events, especially when they are in distant places. Thus, Great Britain is con- fronted in Southern Rhodesia with a dilemma from which she can extricate herself, it would seem, only 'with miraculous political skill. The Soviet Union has re- cently gained some influence in Southeast Asia. But it is a long Way from being able to direct and control or influence decisively the policy of Hanoi. The United States is deeply en- tangled in Viet Nam. But only the reporters who swallow the official briefings raw are telling us that we are winning the war. .R1 and T omorrow By WALTER LIPPMA THE DECLINE of the external power and influence of Lhe big nations is a significant phenoine- non in human affairs. We are as yet in no position to appreciate it fully, much less to understand its consequences. But it is an obvious fact that as the great powers are losing their influence the turbu- lence in the world is increasing. All this needs to be looked at and pondered. As we do this, we shall do well also to keep in mind what is happening among our principal allies in Westsern Eur- ope. Britain, for example, which has given us moral support in Viet Nam, is nonetheless <;ompelled to take the path of military with- drawal-at least in Asia from Aden to Singapore and possibly also in Europe from the Rhine to Cyprus. The pressure for this with- drawal is no doubt lack of money. But if the British people believed that the remnants of the old em- pire were vital to their own sur- vival and to the peace of the world, they would do what they have done before, they would put defense above affluence. THE GERMANS can be said to have no extra-European foreign policy. That may well be because the Germans long since lost tl'eir colonial empire and because they are still partitioned as a result of their, defeat. But they are rich, and in their international actions they avoid any serious participation in world affairs or any adequate contribu- tion to economic development. Besides preferring to keep their money at, home, it has probably occurred to them that the game of power politics, especially in other continents and distant places, shows signs of becoming out of date though it is very ex- pensive, rather dangerous and in- creasingly ineffectual. The experience of France throws an interesting light on this phe- nomenon. When Gen. Charles de Gaulle decided to liquidate the Algerian war, an act requiring supreme moral courage, he did not try to hang on to the bits and pieces, the shreds and tatters of the French empire. The effect of the purge of French imperialism and colonial- ism is that French prestige in the world is higher than it has ever been since the wars of this con- tury began, and the international influence of France is now felt in the mainstream of the world's. politics. I WISH I could feel that our globalism is not isolating us from the living realities of world af- fairs. But our globalism, so recent- ly adopted, is becoming quickly out of date. We are being isolated in the sense that, while we are enor- mously extended, we are compelled to rely more and more on military power and upon money rather than upon the influence of our example, which was once our greatest asset in human affairs. In this development of our at- titudes we are in danger of being bedazzled with the illusion that the ultimate solution cf the in- tractable issues of the world is enough bombing to pulverize the opposition. (c) 1965, The washington Post Co. SUNDAY was United Nations Day. On that day, like today, and during the weekend of protest, American peace efforts seemed vague, insincere, and in-. effective to some citizens. In many places, thinking Americans, out of despair or disillusionment, 'protested against gov- ernment policy in thught, speech, or ac- tion. Other thinking Americans remembered the United Nations-and the Americans at the United Nations-and were neither despaired nor disillusioned. . The United States Mission to the United Nations has always been managed by thinkers, sober 'and imaginative men who have avoided dealing in romanticism or petty vindictiveness, and have maintain- ed an awareness of the consequences of Itheir actions. THUS IT IS SYMBOLIC that the UN's twentieth birthday Sunday was mark- ed by a memorial service to the late U.S. ambassador, Adlai Stevenson. Stevenson's successor, Arthur J. Goldberg, spoke at that Chicago tribute. Earlier, he had said, "Adlai Stevenson's belief in the United Nations was motivated not by any vague notions of idealism, but by the realistic knowledge that the United Nations was the alternative to world destruction, that the peace could not be kept in a world of hunger and despair, and that the United Nations was the one organization capable of enabling us to save ourselves No void in leadership has formed in the American mission to the United Na- tions since Stevenson's death. Goldberg, one-time federal labor mediator, secre- tary of labor, and Supreme Court justice, has assumed authority of the U.S. Mis- sion with hopes of strengthening and maintaining. international law. Hiowever, Goldberg has entered the United Nations at a time of undeniable transition, a per- iod when several attempts at action are frustrated by inner weaknesses. Due to increasing membership, it 'has become necessary to enlarge the UN Se- curity Council by four members and in- clude provisions for representation based on geographic distribution. Furthermore, the United Nations faces a lack of funds due to the expense of peace-keeping mis- sions and technical assistance. Several member nations have hesitated or refused to pay assessments, and the problem re- peatedly occurs Critically aware of the necessity of ex- panding and strengthening the UN, Gold- berg said, after presenting his credentials as ambassador, "The first order of busi- ness is to resolve the United Nations' fi- nancial and constitutional crisis, for if we do not put our own house in order, I doubt if we will succeed in putting other,. houses in order." NOTHER WEAKNESS in representa- tion has rendered the United Nations Next: Asbestos IOWA CITY-A University of Iowa fresh- man is wearing his draft card in a plastic holder which says: "I'm a draft card carrying American and proud of it." He is Charles Craig, 19, Cedar Rapids. He said he is concerned about draft card burners, including a student at Iowa who has been charged with destroying his draft card. "This is my way of showing that all American college students aren't afraid to serve their country in Viet Nam or in any other place where freedom needs to be defended," Craig said. "I'm going to wear my draft card every day and I hope that students on other college campuses will do the same thing, to show their support of their govern- ment," he added. Craig said he is acting on his own and is not connected with any campus orga- nization. -THE ASSOCIATED PRESS ineffective in attempting to resolve the Viet Nam crisis. Goldberg said, "In Viet Nam we have a problem that Hanoi is not in the United Nations, and Hanoi is, after all, the motivating factor, as far as we are concerned, in what is happening in the South, in South Viet Nam. It is our view, and I think supported by the evi- dence, that Hanoi has promoted that con- flict. "This being the case, it seems unlikely from past actions of Hanoi that a for- mal hearing before the United Nations, such as was conducted, would be the ap- propriate way of bringing the Viet Nam controversy to a conclusion. "You remember, of'course, that Hanoi was invited to be present when we had the episode in the Gulf of Tonkin when our ships were attacked in open waters by Hanoi ships, and that was turned down. And you remember also, that Red China, which of course has alliances of some type with the North Vietnamese, contemptuously brushed aside any over- ture by the secretary-general. "This being' the case, it would seem to me, after consultation with many mem- ber nations, that an open hearing before the United Nations on this question would not lead us to what we all hope for ferv- ently, and this is - a negotiated settle- ment." Thus not even Goldberg could deny that the potency of the United Nations is lim- ited, perhaps most severely, internally. However, its very nature demands it face every problem within its abilities. THE UN HAS BEEN able to act success- fully on several occasions. In Suez, it sent an emergency force to police with- drawal of several contending national ar- mies. In Africa, 20,000 troops maintained order as several new nations gained se- curity upon independence without an East-West confrontation. In Cyprus, the United Nations has stationed 6000 troops to ease internal tension and maintain 'national security. Even discounting its security actions, the United Nations has great influence. It stimulates arts, crafts, and sports. It feeds Palestinian refugees, educates Eski- mos,. and through its associated courts, upholds international law. Through its several specialized agencies, the UN pro- motes health, education and economic stability. Thus, it follows that the business of the United Nations is promoting civiliza- tion-the best in man, and not merely offering arbitration to quarreling nations and policing borders. The UN works to uphold peace, because there can be no civilization in war-torn nations. The UN feeds and immunizes, because , only healthy people can receive the best ideas and skills of men. And the UN encourages education because education spreads civ- ilization best of all. Whether cynics doubt it or not, the United States is totally involved in this same business. Its mission is the same as the United Nations'. Out of such concern, the United States gives its doctors, edu- cators, artists 'to the United Nations, as well as great sums of money. And out of this same concern, it sends its finest men to the UN. Stevenson, in- volved in the concept of the United Na- tions even before the reality, was more than representative as a product of that involvement. If nothing else, Stevenson was the most "civilized" man America had to offer five years ago. AT TWENTY YEARS, the United Na- tions appears potent, even when faced with the death of so influential and re- spected a representative as Stevenson. Stevenson was involved with planning the United Nations many years before it was a reality and he a UN ambassador. UN ambassadors from many nations praised Stevenson for intelligence, skill in prob- lem-solving and diplomacy and unfailing objectivity. Yet, even while it paid Steven- son tribute, the UN mediated the crisis in Kashmir and worked for peace in the Dominican Republic. Though its members nations increase, its representatives change, and the threat of bankruptcy overshadows all undertak- ings, the United Nations remains tough T he P ower A rticle Prompts Letters To the Editor: SEE NOTHING wrong with 'r Regent Power's actions. Taken from the point of view of normal business ethics, exploitation is OK as long as it causes no great harm to the reputation of the business- man. It is a natural thing in our; society since it follows from a most important concept in our system of capitalism, the right of each individual to gain profit. I pity the poor editor of The Daily who is still engulfed by the unrealistic idealism that is prevalent among many. of today's college students. I only hope that he will soon realize his error. -Fred Andriaschko, '68 To the Editor: HAVE just read Roger Rapo- port's UMI article and editorial in Saturday's Daily. In twenty- five years of reading The Daily, I can't recall ever having read a more thoroughly and resource- fully researched story. The subject is extremely touchy, but Rapoport has dealt with it with what seems to me to be fair- ness, restraint, and good taste. I don't know of another newspaper in Michigan that would have un- dertaken such an investigation in the first place and that would have pursued it at such great length and reported on the results of its investigation as well as Rapoport did. 9. rbiw}zia " ~ The Draft Card Section A History of Fickle Fashions From Eve Till The Present I ASSUME that The Daily will not merely make space a Y ailabe to the UMI and University offi- cials involved in this matter, but wiil encourage them to r'ply. Now that the matter is out in the open -where, in my opinion, it belongs -pernaps they will want t give tiae Universiy communiy the iuii explanation it deserves. the steps of the General Library that since Johnson and Rusk and Ann Arborites will not agree with them, they have only one alter- native: "noncooperation." The same argument could as logically be used by those who want the U.S. to get out of the UN, to say nothing about those southerners who do not like the federal civil rights laws. RIGHT OR WRONG, the peace demonstrators are a minority group, a minority group that ought to continue to seek to influence the country through such impor- tant, legitimate and responsible methods as argumentation with' U.S. senators, with as much if not more dedication as they show for methods with nuisance and publi- city value. -John Willertz, Grad Alienated Government? To the Editor: SEVERAL ITEMS in Saturday's Daily have given us pause. Vice- President Humphrey is quoted as saying that the recent Viet Nam protests were organized by an in- ternational apparatus. "... the in- ternational Communist movement organized it (the protest) and masterminded it." The Dodd sub- committeetreport suggests that Communists and Communist sym- pathizers have played "a promi- nent role in the movement" and then proceeds to cite "evidence," the use of which might well have embarrassed Sen. Joseph McCar- thy. The disquiting question which we have is this: Can a gov- ernment so out of touch with what is' happening in its own country be trusted to perceive accurately and to understand the true nature of what is happening in Viet Nam? -Prof. William A. Gamson Dept. of Sociology -Richard D. Mann Dept. of Psychology A Word to Teachers To the Editor: S A STUDENT whose attitude., have recently begun to solidify themselves, and as a prospective teacher, it has become a matter of increasing discomfort to me that many. instructors seem to have lost ,sight of one of the primary obligations they owe their students-not to assume that the best a student has" to offer his professor is a partial digestion and subsequent regurgitation word for word of what he has heard in the classroom. Although this attitude realizes striking example that has come itself in many ways, the most to my attention 'is the myriad papers and tests that are handed back with a grade and perhaps' one sentence of commentary stamped on the front, and various hurried scribblings in the margins of the first and last pages. The majority of these incidental com- ments consists of such phrases as "What does this word mean? What are you trying to say? I don't understand this." Certainly such remarks are jus- tified in badly expressed, porly written papers; my despair, how- ever, stems from the foreboding question mark lurking near a five- syllable word that has been care- fully chosen to convey exact mean- ing in the painstaking tradition of "le mot juste." 4 By BETSY COHN EVER SINCE Eve got the notion that she was God's gift to man, she began adorning herself with fig leaves; since that time,, all embodiments of vanity have not' stopped decorating and orna- menting themselves. With Eve began the "Nature Era." Gowns of animal skins, playsuits of leaves, wreathes of thorns, face paint of berry juice and toilet water from dandelion nectar, all made up this genera- tion, which bathed in the re- sources of nature and which prob- ably came to an abrupt conclusion with the first poison ivy epidemic. From this itchy generation erupted the "Dangling Decades"; which can be more properly asso- ciated with our gypsy and Indian ancestors. In an effort to ward off mosquitoes, measles' and other evil spirits, these people began to hang things on themselves, grad- ually taking on the appearance of studded totem poles. Maybe it was the first outbreak of blood poisoning that couldn't be chanted-away which made the people of this generation clean themselves up a bit. MARTHA WASHINGTON and her cronies were the pioneers of the "Compact Craze." They lived in the compression days, when women were in competition with one another to see who could take up the least amount of space. This they did by entwining them- flappers hooting and tooting into the depression years. Accompany- ing the later years of scarcity came styles of severity. Ladies and men were tailored with unorna- mented heavy shoulder paddings and "yes sir"' was the common response of the day. These sever- ity garments made sure to cover everything from knees and ankles to feminity. Naturally, these were the depression. years, SERVING as a stimulant to the depression era were the fifties with their yelling colors and shrieking patterns. Miami Beach and its kinfolk were showing their true colors while opticians were having a heyday. But now . . . gone are the days of absurdities in fashion, gone are the folk in their glittering costumes and tattooed faces, in fact-gone are the folks. This is the "hidden generation." Our fe- male members are usually masked behind thick shields of pastels, perfumes and paint. These delicate ,facades are reinforced further by tinted-glass-eye coverings, reno- vated noses and variations of multi-colored hairdos. Unfortunately our male species. cannot hide behind the fluids of Max Factor; but alas, he has his own natural resources: hair. It sprouts from every available head and facial region until he has be- come an anonymous shredded wheat. Carefully molded into a pair of blue jeans and welded to a picket pole, he has become the symbol of today's "hidden gen- eration." WE HAVE done everything to ourselves: piercing, p a s t in1g squeezing, squaring, spraying. Now there are only two things that can happen: we will all either dis- solve ourselves completely or some wise young female will take on the notion that she is God's gift to man and will take off some of her fragrant disguises. -Prof. Robert Weeks College of Engineering To the Editor: MAYI CONGRATULATE you on the informative article in your Oct. 23rd issue 'concerning Uni- versity Microfilms, Inc. I am cur- ious to know why the people of the state of Michigan are support- ing such companies "throughout the country" by allowing them to film University mr.terials free and by providing them with such serv- ices as camera space in University facilities and booklists developed by University staff at great ex- pense to the University. It is in- teresting to note also that because a state statute prohibits contrac- tual agreements between Regents and the University, University Mi- crofilms cannot pay the University a royalty but can profit all the more by getting the same product free.' WE ALL KNOW that Regent Power owns stock in Xerox Cor- poration. Who else in policy- making positions own substantial shares in this company? After all, any "exceedingly progressive" company, as Dr. Wagman puts it, ought to be interesting to many. -George N. Vance, Jr., Grad Alienated Protestors? To the Editor: LAST FRIDAY NIGHT the jun- ior United States Senator from Michigan, Sen. Philip A. Hart, came to speak on campus. Peace demonstrators were notice- ably absent. Why? I suspect be- * 4 Schutze'sCorner: The Master Plan FOR MANY YEARS it was my earnest ambition to become a sorceror. I looked. forward to a day when it would be within my, power to turn text books into gold ingots and enemies into toads. Now I have a better idea. AFTER I MAKE my first thirty- four billion, I'll donate some of the interest on one of my bank accounts to my university for the construction of an exact replica of Buckingham Palace to be built pn top of a centrally located park- ing structure where everyone will