WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1965 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PACE TURF. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1965 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAf~i' 'rurn~'m' r %rjA . . crlda 5 De Gaulle's Cool NATO Stand Challenges A 1liance By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER Associated Press Special Correspondent WASHINGTON (P)-Leaders of the United States, Britain, West Germany and other allied powers in Europe are coming face to face with a stark question: Can NATO, already seriously ailing, survive without France? The question probably will have to be answered, decisively next year. Allied officials have already begun studying the problems that must be dealt with if the crisis comes. Since the NATO alliance was i formed in 1949. France has been the heartland of the western de- fense system. It is the base of supply lines feeding the allied front in Germany. It is home for NATO's political and military headquarters. Should France, under President de Gaulle, pull out, an enormous psychological readjustment and physical relocation would be ne- cessary. Headquarters and supply bases would have to be moved back to England or forward into the Low Countries and Germany. The loss of French troops would not mean much; they have been progressively reduced in number to two understrength divisions and some air squadrons in West Ger- many. But the shock of an am- putation would be great, and no one knows what the emotional impact would be. -It is also true that no one knows for sure what de Gaulle will ac- tually do. Though he has often been critical of the NATO system of integrated commands and forces, he has not spelled out his intentions for the immediate fu- ture, beyond talking generally about reorganization. Pending French .national elec- tions in December, de Gaulle is not expected to show his plan. He may not have made final deci- sions yet. He is expected to win the election and he has given enough hints of his future course to set alarm bells ringing from Washington to Ottowa to Ankara. To the White House and State Department, de Gaulle's most significant move was to block the building of a new center for Su- preme Headquarters, Allied Powers in Europe. For years the NATO military command has been housed in a temporary structure at Rocquen- court, 15 miles from Paris. Several years ago the NATO staff began working for a new and permanent building. But this spring, according to an account given to Washington officials, de Gaulle chanced to see a newspaper drawing of the proposed structure. Shortly after- ward French officials told NATO authorities they had better forget the whole thing-if the building were pushed to a final decision France would veto it. This warning has led other al- lies, including the United States, to decide that de Gaulle does not see a long future for NATO in France. The view is reinforced by pri- vate information from French of- ficials' arguments that NATO is no longer essential, and that if the Western alliance withers away the corresponding Communist "Warsaw Pact" in Eastern Europe will also wither, thus contributing to European peace. U.S. officials don't buy the ar- gument but they see its logic for de Gaulle's policies. There have been other recent maneuvers by the de Gaulle gov- ernment. Last May Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara pro- posed formation of a NATO com- mittee of four or five countries- essentially the United States, Brit- ain, France, West Germany-to study problems of nuclear weapons strategy. There was hopeful talk that de Gaulle, who opposes the NATO nuclear force, might agree to this more relaxed committee approach. De Gaulle turned it down. He is concentrating on building a French nuclear force and rejectsI international efforts in this field. In 1969 the Atlantic treaty will be 20 years old and at that time any member, by giving one year's notice, may legally, withdraw from the pact itself as distinguished from the NATO military and com- mand system. Some U.S. officials think that de Gaulle contemplates taking that final step. In speeches and news confer- ences he has stressed his. deter- mination to make France inde- pendent of what he considers out- side domination, particularly by the United States, though he speaks of retaining American friendship. In a speech in April, de Gaulle said "this independence which we are once more practicing in all areas has not failed to sur- prise, and even to scandalize var- ious circles for which France's vassalage was the habit and the rule." He did not mention the United States, but U.S. officials develop angry frustration in trying to cope with implications that the United States has treated France as a satellite. For their part, American leaders have tried to avoid direct clashes with de Gaulle. They do occasionally at- tack his policies put not jy name. That was what President John- son did in a speech May 7, when he deplored "narrow nationalism" and said: "The kind of nationalism which would blight- the hopes and de- stroy the dream of European unity and Atlantic partnership is in the true interest of no free nation on earth. It is the way back to- ward the anguish from which we came." By almost any measure NATO is seriously ailing alliance, and the state of its health is of great importance not only to North America and Western Europe but also to the rest of the world. NATO is the .keystone of the alliance network which the United States built up against expanding Com- munist power after World War II. Today this country has 42 allies in various defense arrangements circling the globe. On paper it, is a formidable system. In practice it is a rickety structure, strong at some points, weak at others and loaded with problems arising out of the con- flicting interests of member na- tions. The NATO-French clashes are simply the most sensational. sl 4Thant Voice,, Rome Vote Asks Liberty Of Worship T Approve Declaration By 9-1 Margin Over Bitter Latin Dissent VATICAN CITY (P)-The Vati- can Ecumenical Council voted overwhelming approval yesterday of an historic declaration commit- ting the Roman Catholic Church to religious liberty for all men. Never before in the history of the Roman -Catholic Church have its leaders taken such a step to- ward bettering its relations with all men everywhere-with other Christians, with non-Christians and even with non-believers. The vote in St. Peter's gave ini- tial approval-by a 9-1 margin- to a religious liberty document that had encountered bitter op- position from conservative circles in the Church. Progressive Victory The council action was hailed as a major victory of progressive prelates and was greeted by non- Catholic observers at the council as a major step forward in the Christian unity movement. Almost 100 observers from prot- estant, Anglican and Orthodox churches who attend the daily, council meetings applauded along with most of the Catholic bishops when the vote result was announc- ed. "This is perhaps the greatest day in the Ecumenical Council so far," said the Rev. Dr. Dana Mci- Lean Geeley of Boston, Mass., president of the Unitarian Univer- salist Association of North Amer- ica. "It is a credit to the Roman Al Catholic Church that it promotes this idea of religious liberty while /still claiming itself as the only true church," he said. Opposition Defeated A last-ditch effort by opposing cardinals and bishops from Italy, Spain and some Latin-American nations to block the document went down in defeat. The council voted 1,997 to 224 to accept the SAI text "as the basis for a definitie Five declaration." rescue A final vote, with approval tak- men n for granted now, will come after Nam, textual revisions suggested by report council fathers. By council rules, Ha however, nothing substantive in were the text can be changed. Con Voices Rights ners s In essence, the declaration de- drove clares that every man has the craft right to believe what his con- a Fl science dictates and practice his down religion without outside interfer- .south ence from other individuals or the b state authority. It calls on states Th to protect this right. . and U Experts, who put the declara- ts tion together said they thought it troop would take them two to three weeks to get arevised text, based on comments voiced in the coun- cil or in writing, back to the full council for votes of total accept- ance in its final form. Movement Overruled Fears of new steps by conserva- tives to block the initial vote had WA grown Monday when a vote was to P not then forthcoming. Reliable far-re sources said that, at -a meeting federa Hints Red Chinese Necessary for r 144 t .. T hhjr S,,1cat -: L t Cites Arms, Asian Issues To Deleoates, Vote Deadlock Over, Fanfani Elected as Assembly President UNITED NATIONS (P)-Secre- tary-General U Thant raised the thorny question yesterday of Com- munist Chinese representation as the General Assembly launched its 20th session. He linked the issue with military conflicts in Asia and the deadlock in disarmament. Delegates to the 114-nation General Assembly prepared to re- turn to normal voting procedures after a year's paralysis with elec- tion by secret ballot of a new pres- ident. Amintore Fanfani, Italian for- eign minister, was unopposed for the post. Annual Report Thant said the war in Viet Nam had cruelly set back the trend toward East-West cooperation and revived the cold war. He said it threatens world peace and the fate of all mankind and added: "It must be stopped." He said the international sit- uation has again been deeply dis- turbed by the Indian-Pakistani conflict. He noted that the Se- curity Council was trying to bring about a cease-fire, and he pledg- ed to continue his efforts to re- store peace. Need Universality Thant raised the Chinese rep- resentation issue by declaring that the Viet Nam situation and the stalemate on disarmament "point once again to the imperative need for the United Nations to achieve universality of membership as soon as possible." He said the trend of events in the past 10 months led him to renew his suggestion that coun- tries not now represented at the United Nations "should be enabled to maintain contact with the world body and listen to its delibera- tions, and thus be more directly exposed to the views of the rest of mankind." He declared that the true inter- ests of peace would be better serv- ed if non-member states were en- couraged to maintain observers at UN headquarters "so that they may be in a better position to sense the currents and cross -cur- rents of world opinion" voiced at /the United Nations. North Viet Nam, North Korea, and East Germany do not main- tain observer missions at the Unit- ed Nations, as do South Korea, South Viet Nam and West Ger- many. Red China Seat Coinciding with Thant's report was the issuance of a memoran- dum by 10 countries urging ad- mission of Communist China and the expulsion of the Chinese Na- tionalists. Thant expressed gratification that a solution had been reached on the voting rights of debtor na- tions, an issue that had paralyzed the 19th session. The United States backed down on its insist- ence that no-vote penalties be applied to the Soviet Union, France and 10 other nations in arrears on peacekeeping assess- ments, thus paving the way for Strikers Set To Prolong Negotiation NEW YORK UP)-Hopes of set- tling the six-day-old strike shut- down of seven majbr newspapers here plummeted yesterday. The striking American Newspa, per Guild rejected a mediator's offer to recommend a settlement, and a second union, the Mailers, threatened to prolong the dispute. Saying the strike might be a long one, Elmer Brown, national president of'the International Ty- pographical Union, said the print- ers were prepared to finance their share. He indicated the union was willing to equal the $4 million in benefits it paid out during the last newspaper strike here. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, presi- dent and publisher of the New York Times, reported that in the first five days of the Guild's strike the newspaper had lost more than $3 million in advertising revenue. The dispute cancelled what was to have been the largest paper in the Times' history, a seven-pound, 780-page Sunday edition. Of the city's metropolitan dail- ies, only the afternoon New York Post remained in publication - with its press run doubled to 750,- 000 copts. Two strike-born papers made their appearance and a third an- nounced plans for publication this week. Special mediator Theodore W. Kheel had recessed the Times- Guild talks in order to give the parties time to restudy the situa- tion and to attempt to prevent them from becoming "too firm and frozen" on Issues. Petition Now For CINEMA GUILD BOARD September 20-26, Sign up on Cinema Guild Office Door-2547 S.A.B. LENOY IMPORTS DISTINCTIVE GIFTS Mexican Handicraft Sweaters Pottery MAYNARD HOUSE Woolen Goods Sara pes Gifts 524 E. WILLIAM SG C NE EDS You If you are concerned about university problems in the areas of academic reform, student economic "I'd like to report a fire . . .* R STRIKES INCREASE: Five U.'S.A ircraft Reported Downed in North Viet Nam IGON, South Vipt Nam (IP)- U.S. aircraft-including a e helicopter with four crew- -are lost over North Viet a U.S. military spokesman ted yesterday. noi says nine U.S. aircraft downed. mmunist antiaircraft gun- hot doin the helicopter and off another Monday as the tried to rescue the pilot of 05 Thunderchief knocked by ground fire on a mission of Vinh, 100 .miles north of order, the spokesman said. four helicopter crewmen, he downed pilot were listed nissing. North Vietnamese s were seen heading for the F105 pilot after he ejected, the spokesman said. Another pilot was presumed dead after his F105 crashed into a ridge as it pulled away from its target 50 miles southeast of Dien Bien Phu. Charge Gas Warfare In other developments: -Communist broadcasts from Hanoi and Peking renewed charges that the United States was using "toxic gas" in South Viet Nam. Hanoi radio said U.S. and South Vietnamese troops killed 35 per- sons with "toxic gas" in a raid Sept. 5 on Phuoc . Son village in Binh Dinh Province. A U.S. spokesman also reported yesterday U.S. and Vietnamese planes flew over more than 200 sorties against targets in South Viet Nam for the second day. In the ground war only sporadic skirmishes were reported but the Viet Cong, for the second straight day, ambushed a government com- pany and inflicted heavy losses. The ambush was in the central' Vietnamese village of Dai Loc. The Vietnamese company of about 200 men was reported badly mauled. Communist guerrillas Monday caught a Vietnamese company at Da Hoa An, about 20 miles south of the big U.S. air base at Da Nang, 380 miles north of Saigon, and killed or wounded half the company World News Roundup By The Associated Press SHINGTON-Congress sent resident Johnson yesterday aching legislation giving the al government a strong say In the third day of debate on the House-approved measure at- tempts to stop the bill were un- leashed by Sens. John L. Mc- Clellan (D-Alk and James 0. Eagst'land (Dl-Miss). Butbaers closer than 660 feet to interstate and primary roads, except in com' mercial areas, and require junk- yards within 1,000 feet of the roadway to be either screened or removed.