SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1965 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAwI MRIP.r Complexity Characterizes America's Farm 1 3icture 9, WASHINGTON (R)-The ques- tion frequently is asked, "How's the American farmer doing?" Politicians, farm officials, farm leaders, economists and even farmers themselves have ready answers. Of course, they seldom are the same answer. For instance, the Johnson ad- ministration says farmers are bet- ter off than at any time since the early 1950s. But some Republicans argue that this is not true. The American Farm Bureau Federation says producers would be a lot better off financially if they did not have to operate under government control pro- grams. The National Farmers Union says farm conditions are not as rosy as the administration say they are. But unlike the rival Farm Bureau, it blames what it considers unsatisfactory farm re- turns on farm programs that are too weak rather than too strong. "I am not too impressed," says Farmers Union President James G. Patton, "with the 'sunshine and light' reports that are ema- nating these days from the Agri- culture Department's Economic Research Service. Agriculture is a static island in the midst of an escalating economy." The truth of the matter is, no accurate generalized answer can be given the question concerning the farmer's economic situation. The reason for this is that there are many types of farmers or farming operations in agricul- ture and thousands of individual producers in each type. Incomes Vary For example, in 1964, the net income of farmers averaged lower than in 1963 on 23 types of farm- ing, higher on 18 and unchanged on one among 42 important types of commercial farmers in 24 maj- or farming areas of the country. An Agriculture D e p a r t m e n t study shows that income changes between 1963 and 1964 ranged from a decline of 84 per cent for nonirrigated cotton farms in the high plains of Texas to an ?n- crease of 146 per cent for cotton- specialty crop farms in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Except for a few extremes, de- clines in income in 1964 were gen- erally greater than increases. On more than three-fourths of the farmers which had lower incomes, the reduction was greater than 10 per cent. However, less than one- half of the farms with higher in- comes showed increases of more than 10 per cent. Big Factors Factors having the most effect on incomes in 1964 were changes in farm production and in prices received for products sold. For example, net farm produc- tion in 1964 ranged from 1 to 59 per cent below a year earlier on 16 types of farms and from 1 to 22 per cent higher on 25 types. On wheat-grain sorghum farms in the southern Great Plains there was no measurably change in the level of production. Average prices received ranged from 23 per cent below to 30 per cent above those of 1963. They averaged lower on 25 of the 42 types of farms studied, higher on 10 and about the same on seven' farm types. Potato Prices Up The highest increases in prices received were for farms which grow potatoes as a specialty crop. Potato prices shot up last year as a result of a smaller crop. The largest price reductions last year occurred on wheat farms and on Western cattle ranches. Farm incomes also were influ- enced by prices paid by operators for goods and services used in production and in family living. Prices paid last year on these typical farms averaged from 8 per cent below to 4 per cent above those of 1963. The department study showed that operating expenses increased on 27, declined on 14 and held un- changed on one of these 42 types of farms. Net farm incomes on 31 of 41 types of farms in 1964 were from 1 to 89 per cent above the 1951-60 average. Net income of the re- maining 10 types of farms were from 1 to 69 per cent below the average. Types of farms with lower in- comes than in 1951-60 period in- cluded dairy farms in western Wisconsin and southeastern Min- nesota; New Jersey egg farms; Georgia poultry broiler farms; nonirrigated cotton farms in the high plains of Texas; tobacco- livestock farms in the Bluegrass country of Kentucky; c a t t 1e ranches in the intermountain re- gion and the Southwest; and sheep ranches in Utah and Ne- vada and the Southwest. But incomes were higher than in 1951-60 on all the typical wheat farms and corn-belt farms. The average incomes by types of farms last year 'ranged from $718 for broiler farms in Georgia to $108,785 for large cotton-gen- eral crop farms in San Joaquin Valley of California. 'Types of farms which had an average of $10,000 or more in 1964 included: cash grain farms in the corn belt - $12,205; large-scale cotton farms in the Mississippi delta - $34,623; irrigated cotton farms in the high plains of Texas -$12,903; cotton-specialty farms in the San Joaquin Valley-$58,- 290; medium-sized cotton-general crop farms in the San Joaquin Valley-$36,067; wheat and dry pea farms in the Pacific North- west-$15,190; wheat farms in the Pacific Northwest-$13,836; north Great Plains sheep ranches-$11,- 756; and Utah-Nevada sheep ranches-$14,631. I , U.S. Planes Hit Cong Base, World News Roundup By The Associated Press Escape House Action Near on Rival Delegations Freedom Democrats, Demand Ouster of Mississippi Members WASHINGTON ()-The stage is being set for a showdown in the House -of Representatives on the Mississippi challenge - an effort launched, last year to unseat the five Mississippi House members. The challenge was instituted by members of the Mississippi Free- dom Democratic party, a pre- dominantly Negro group. It is based on a contention the five Mississippi representatives were elected illegally last November because Negroes were systematic- ally barred from participating in the election in violation of 'the constitution. Present indications are that there will be a vote on the chal- lenge Sept. 15 or 16 and that it will come on a resolution from the House Administration Committee to dismiss the challenge. Targets of the effort are Reps. William M. Colmer, Jamie Whit- ten, Thomas G. Abernethy and John Bell Williams, all veteran Democratic House members, and Prentise Walker, freshman Repub- lican member. Hearing Tomorrow The House elections subcommit- tee, to which the challenge has been referred, has slated a closed hearing for tomorrow morning to hear arguments on a motion by the representatives to dismiss the' proceedings. Should the nine-member sub- committee accept the arguments of the five Mississippi representa- tives, the procedure would be for it to adopt a resolution calling for dismissal of the challenge. This resolution then would go NO RE tthe parent House Administra- tion Committee, probanly Tuesday or Wednesday. If the committee T approves, the resolution then would go to the House and an expected y o t e Wednesday or Thursday. Ne Some of those in close touch with the matter predict this course of events. Dismissal Move NEW YO Such action would bring a dis- trasting ca missal resolution to a House vote up a vigoro in advance of a counter resolution Democratic prepared by a group of House but the vot members who support the chal- That mea lenge by the Freedom Democrats. Tuesday's This group, headed by Rep. Democrats William Fitts Ryan (D-NY), re- succeed Ma: cently served notice that if the a Democrat House Administration, Committee three four-y had not acted by Sept. 21, it The four would call up a resolution on that Paul R. date to dismiss the committee sharp-featur from further consideration of the City Counci matter and to declare the five Wagner, w Mississippi House seats vacant, started in For what it is worth, there was a $35 - a - something of a test vote last Jan- driver. uary when an effort was made to prevent the Mississippians from Abraham being sworn in. The vote was on wiry city c a preliminary motion proceding with Wagn adoption of a resolution to seat Beame, fro the five. On this roll call it might years' exp be said that 267 members voted budgets. for the five House members, 149 Rep. Will voted against them. rumpled Ivy In support of their case, the "reform" m Freedom Democrats filed volumin- He has repr ous depositions intended to prove hattan dist MisiDsinni Neagrne were knt Thre terms. Routes Appea 77 Y t t 7 VATICAN CITY - The Vatican Ecumenical Council's topic on modern world problems, in its lat- est format, was described yester- day as leaving all contraception questions to a special papal com- mission on birth control. Informants said mention of contraceptive methods would be put into the council document only if the commission named by RainsS t l Pope Paul VI concludes its work before the council ends. Pope Paul, plunging into a new V ie lal ese intense period of work with the resumption of the Vatican Ecu- 1 W r menical Council, Saturday reaf- G roun firmed Roman Catholic teaching on the Eucharist and urged pray- er's for his trip to the United Bombing Weakens States. G errillg Serkes 1 The council resumes, in its Guerrilla Stronghold, fourth and final session, nex t Casualties HeatyTuesday. The topic on modern world problems is the major docu- ment remaining for debate and SAIGON () - Striking out of voting. It also is the longest. low-hanging rain clouds, U.S. * warplanes pounded the headquar- WASHINGTON - Sen. Thomas ters of a Viet Cong regiment in J. Dodd, D-Conn., said yesterday the jungles of the Mekong River Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is Delta yesterday and apparently alienating congressional support- cut off escape routes. ers with his "intemperate align- U.S. officials in Saigon express- ment with the forces of appease- ed belief 1,000 to 2,000 Viet Cong ment" in urging Red China's ad- troops-including one long-hunted mission to the United Nations. hard core battalion - might be "Dr. Martin Luther King is a trapped. man of unquestioned competence Heavy rains and 30-mile-an- in the field of civil rights," Dodd hour winds stalled a South Viet- said in a statement, "but he has namese ground effort to move in absolutely no competence to speak against the guerrilla regiment. about complex matters of foreign 100 Air Strikes policy." A U.S. spokesman in Saigon Another senator, Republican said almost 100 air strikes were Strom Thurmond of South Caro- made against the guerrilla head- lina, criticized U.N. Ambassador quarters near Soc Trang on the Arthur J. Goldberg officially re- Bach Nga Cai River by nightfall. ceiving King and Bayard Rustin, Viet Cong casualties were believed another civil rights leader. to be heavy. Conrad Jr., who orbited the world for a record eight days, are going on a good-will mission to Greece,' Turkey and Africa. The White House announced yesterday that Cooper and Con- rad will come to Washington next Tuesday to be greeted by Presi- dent Johnson and to describe their Gemini 5 flight to American scientists. They will leave the next day for a three-day visit to Ath- ens where they will attend an in- ternational aerospace conference. They will leave Athens on Sept. 18 for Turkey where they will spend the remainder of that day plus Sept. 19 and 20. LAKE CHARLES, LA. - A light turnout was reported as voters in southwest Louisiana balloted yes- terday for a new congressman in an election seen as a possible test of Gov. John J. McKeithen's mod- erate approach to racial problems. Five Democrats were running in a special primary to succeed the late Rept. T. Ashton Thompson, a Democrat, who died July 1 in a highway accident near Gastonia, N.C. A runoff faced the two top men Oct. 2, unless one man got a ma- jority. The Democratic winner will be automatically elected be- cause no Republicans filed for the post. SINGAPORE - Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew predicted yester- day Communist China will defeat the United States in the cold war in Asia. He said while the Chinese Com- munists are calculating in 1,000- year terms to spread communism, the United States is only calculat- ing in terms of the next presiden- tial election, "The United States is a very powerful nation," Lee told a television interviewer. "I some- times wish they had some leaders of equal power and consequence." He expressed belief the cold war in Asia cannot be won with guns. * * * MOSCOW - Soviet authorities told the U.S. Embassy yesterday they are holding an American tourist accused of crossing the border illegally from Norway into the Soviet Union. They informed the embassy that the American, Newcomb Mott,.27, Sheffield, Mass., was being detain- ed at Murmansk at the northern tip of European Russia. A U.S. spokesman said the em- bassy had requested and receiveu permission for an American con- sular officer to visit Mott. LADIES' DAY STARTS WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 15th FOR THE THEATRES AtUhe Spyd jADI RES . . Associated Press photographer Horst Faas flew over the area, 150 miles southeast of Saigon, and reported the bombing attacks had blasted and burned away thick brush and jungle cover, exposing Viet Cong bunkers. He said escape routes from the headquarters area seemed to be cut off. U.S. aircraft and American-ad- vised South Vietnamese groundl troops had been hunting the Viet Cong regiment for weeks. The hard U.S. air attack came after U.S. Army helicopters sight- ed and assaulted about 100 guer- rillas believed to be part of the Viet Cong regiment that prevent- ed the landing of government troops. WASHINGTON - Astronauts L. Gordon Cooper Jr. and Charles LENOY IMPORTS DISTINCTIVE GIFTS Mexican Handicraft Woolen Goods Sweaters Sara pes Pottery Gifts MAYNARD HOUSE 524 E. WILLIAM NOTE: Men are welcome at regular admission price. EAL ISSUE: ght Turnout Expected In 'w York Mayoral Primary I I RK (P) - Four con- ndidates are winding ous campaign for the nomination for mayor, ers seem bored. ans a light turnout for primary, when the pick a candidate to yor Robert F. Wagner, who is quitting after year terms. contenders are: Screvane, 50, graying, red president of the il, who is endorsed by vho lives in Queens, city service in 1936 as week garbage truck editor William F. Buckley Jr., 39, unopposed for the Conservative pa) ty nomination. The Democrats have flailed away at each other-mostly in friendly style - since June but haven't found an issue to stir the voters. Screvane and Beame appear to be in the lead. A very light turn- out could help Beame who has strong organization in Brooklyn and the Bronx. But the Screvane camp claims it will carry all five boroughs even if as few as 600,000 of the 2.3 million eligible Demo- cra ts vore Both men have tried to disso- ciate themselves from the Wagnerl administration, Beame more so than Screvane,-who has Wagner's backing. They charge each other with being dominated by political bosses. O'Dwyer and Ryan say that Beame and Screvane have just divided up the "bosses," while they are true "reformers." Ryan has the official backing of the "reform" movement, but many of its leaders have come out for Screvane. Ryan and O'Dwyer have hit the Wagner record hard, charging bungling and indecision. As the city's water crisis worsened, both men scored points finding leaks in the dwindling water supnly. Cong Stronghold The Viet Cong have longnheld out in the steaming jungles in the Mekong Delta and government action in that area has been pick- ing up over the past few weeks. In other action, government troops wound up an operation in Quang Nam Province, 350 miles north of Saigon, and reported killing 104 guerrillas in a week of fighting. Government casualties were described as moderate. Some units of the U.S. Marines that joined in Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula dur- ing the week joined in the Quang Nam action Friday but made no major contact with the guerrillas, a U.S. spokesman said. The Marines had been airlifted from the peninsula where 198 Viet Cong were reported killed in a four-day action. Overrun Outpost The Viet Cong scored a success in Long Khanh Province, about 40 miles east of Saigon. The guer- rillas overran an outpost at Gia Tan, inflicting what officials de-. scribed as moderate casualties on the defenders. The guerrillas then withdrew and government troops reoccupied the outpost. Guerrilla mortar crews pepper- ed Kuan Loc, capital of Long Khanh Province but inflicted what the government called only light casualties. In the same general area, the Viet Cong attempted to overrun the village of Gia Klem but were beaten back. In Saigon, U.S. officials report- ed that American n1anes struck 30 I The DRAMATIC ARTS CENTER presents A Festival of Spectacular Theatre Music and Dance ONCE AGAIN 1965 SEPT. 17: UNMARKED INTERCHANGE, an original total-theatre work by Ann Arbor's ONCE Group (invited as American representatives at the Bienal de Saao Paulo, Brazil) SEPT. 18: CONCERT FOR ANN ARBOR, experimental dance from the N.Y. Thea- tre Rally (Trisha Brown, Lucinda Childs, Alex Hay, Deborah Hay, Steve Paxton, Robert Rauschenberg) SEPT. 19: TALK 1, a premiere by the internationally famous composer JOHN CAGE and pianist DAVID TUDOR These programs will be presented on the TOP LEVEL of the MAYNARD STREET PARKING STRUCTURE, Ann Arbor, at 8:30 each evening. SINGLE ADMISSION $1.50 / SERIES $4.00 / Free admission to Dramatic Arts Center members ($5.00. Membership includes -free admission to all DAC concert activities of the 1965-66 season). Tickets or Membership by mail: DAC, BOX 179, Ann Arbor. Tickets only at Bob Marshall's Bookshop and Music Center (N. University). Fiscal Foe D. Beame, 59, snort, omptroller, who broke OVER VIETNAM: er over fiscal policy. m Brooklyn, has 20; erience w i t h citya iam F. Ryan, 43, tall,; y League leader of the C ovement in the party. esented a liberal Man- rict in Congress for! TOYKO (:) - Three of four a Inta.rtpd TennP. cP ghinning In .. .,.... ..,.. ....... .....,.,..,. .,.,.rr s I piIng Lines Rican Ties nd supplies between Saigon and other mainr nort. of SouthViet xr $' S ' .> ;.: _ ;.; -.r::< >.,;?>:; fi; !:: ''+ti! :%':?:i 3:3:< 'Ct=:': b } ,i}.