Sevety-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF TM UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS :; - ous Are ree, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. in Preval NEWS PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. . d 'Y J. "" i~ "".f "y "'r ,'eI ° ' ' ". G ' sy+-TGj +.s, _ '° . -fir r TUESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1967 NIGHT EDITOR: LUCY KENNEDYI Violence in the Ghetto: No Solution for Bigotry c" , - "Y y . iv r:. r7C ' 'as''s: r J . ii. READING OF RIOTS in the papers is, one thing. Having it happen in your own city is something else. And it seems that most of the people in this country will have experienced that "something else" by the end of the summer. The count so far has reached 35 riots and no doubt will continue to climb. Clearly, the importance of these out- breaks transcends any particular causes they may have had in any one city. First, the significance of the chain reaction effect must be considered. Riots spawn other riots, just as with other social phe- nomena; Negroes. in one city see that their "soul brothers" elsewhere have riot- ed more or less successfully and feel more inclined to try it themselves. The effect snowballs until some relatively climactic stage is reached. We may be nearing that point now. Explanation of the riots takes two gen- eral trends: (1) There is a "conspiracy" of hidden inciters who prompt these "spontaneous" outbreaks. (2) The riots actually are unplanned, having common cause in the social and psychological .conditions under which the Negro must live. THE FIRST EXPLANATION attempts to put the blame on something other than white society. It sounds too much like the Southerners' old charge of "out- side agitators" and "Communist infiltra- tion" as the cause of the civil rights movement. Now, however, since it is hap- pening in the North, the failures of the present powers can't be admitted. No doubt' there is leadership in some of these riots, but it is more likely a spontaneously generated leadership, as individuals real- ize the possibilities and take advantage of them. The second explanation would be valid even if the first were true, for leaders alone do not make a riot-they must have issues and emotions to play upon. There exists, as has been shown, deep discon- tent among the Negro community, and as long as it exists they will serve as grist for the rabble-rousers' mill. The riots, in a sence, are by-products of the failure of the civil rights movement; had the movement never begun, or had it succeeded, we would not have these riots today. Thus, even though the riots are mark- ed by wholesale looting and indiscrimin- ate violence 'whose irrationality upsets the white community, and even though its relation to civil rights themselves seems most dubious, the riots are still a result of the civil rights movement. SOLUTIONS ARE SOUGHT. The anti- riot bill is an absurdity below con- tempt, but there really are- two possible "solutions," that is, measures which would make peace the normal state of affairs. The first, commonly used in the South and now more commonly accept- ed in the North, is to shoot the first few rioters, or as many as are necessary to end the disturbance. Lurleen Wallace did this in Alabama, and her people loved her for it; the insurgents were cowed into submission, the peace was main- tained, and the Negro was "kept in his place." This is unsatisfactory and would merely provide temporary relief. The second solution is somewhat more difficult, most probably impossible-the successful completion of the civil rights movement. The fact is, however, that the reason for its slack up to now is intended and will lead to continued, unending de- mands for patience. The reason: deep- rooted, uneradicable bigotry. As long as he is able, the white will stall the Ne- gro's advancement. The result, which has evolved, is the Negro reaction of violence. It can hardly be expected that the white power structure which refused to force Negro rights up to now will suddenly bend over backwards in the face of violence, when in fact it has the far superior abil- ity to use violence. The resort of no small minority of Negroes to rioting and armed, though sporadic, insurrection is in actuality a tacit admission of failure. Guns will not succeed where words have failed, espe- cially when the foe has the bigger guns. And the riots also cause the expected "backlash," slowing up civil rights prog- ress even more. But that slowing up is irrelevant, since the movement as consti- tuted would not and will not succeed any- way; it was never really intended to. --R. M. LANDSMAN e r & .- TRAN VAN DINH- U.S. Allhies Skeptical -Two White House special emissaries, Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor and Clark Clifford, left recently for a tour of Southeast Asia to convince the U.S. allies in the war to contribute more troops. In Saigon, they met with success; General Ky, Prime Minister of South Vietnam, after meeting with White House representatives, announced on July 27 that 65,000 men would be added to the South Vietnamese army, raising the ARVN strength to 685,000 men. But considering the performance in the past of the leaderless and the purposeless ARVN, this success is in many ways meaningless. While General Taylor and Clifford were in Bangkok on July 27, the U.S. Embassy in Thailand announced that the two envoys had cancelled their trip to the Philippines at the behest of the Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, who earlier made known the Philippine decision not to send more military personnel to South Vietnam. The Philippines now has a 1,000 man contingent in the war. Marcos' refusal to meet with the White House representatives was a significant failure of the U.S. plan to have more "Asian boys" fight- ing in Vietnam. Many people in the U.S. have taken the Philippine alliance for gratitude. But the Philippines in the last few years has been searching for an identity-a national one, not an American one. The participation of the country's forces in the war in Vietnam, al- though small, is not popular with the Philippine Congress and the Philippine intellectuals. THIS REBUKE TO President Johnson's mission is an indication of the less and less anti-Communist attitude of many Southeast Asian countries. This attitude is motivated by a resurgence of nationalism, a certain amount of fear of China, now a nuclear power, and especially by the realization that anti-communism has become, on the govern- mental level, synonymus with corruption and prq-Americanism. Anti- communism has been used to attract American aid, and has been therefore discredited. This attitude was most visible during the meet- ing of the Asian and Pacific Council in Bangkok, during the first week of July. The Asian and Pacific Council (without China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia-the most important and most populous Asian nations) was formed last year in Seoul, South Korea and is composed of: Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Thailand, the Philippines, Formosa. South Korea, South Vietnam, Malaysia. When ASPAC was initiated by the U.S., it had a decisively anti-communist tone. But this year's meeting was quite different. The word "anti-communist" was avoided. Said Mohamed Khir Johart, Minister of Education of Malaysia: "This is not an Asian anti-communist league. If that happens, the next thing will be an anti-imperialist league." The 14 point communique released on July 7 after a three-day meeting (the second annual meeting) re- flected the feeling of Mr. Johart. It pointed out that "ASPAC is not intended to be an exclusive body or one directed against any state or group of states." Even the, usually anti-communist Thai Foreign Minister Thanat'Komand declared: "We don't want to be anti-any- thing." THE LESS AND LESS anti-communist attitude taken by the Southeast Asian partners to the U.S. efforts in Vietnam was also generated in great part by Japan, the most important member of ASPAC. And Japan today does not want either to be dominatedby the U.S. or to lose sight of China. It Is often said by Washington that the U.S. show of military might in South and North Vietnam is strengthening the Southeast Asian resistance against communism. But the reality is different. Any decent Asian would think twice before asking the U.S. to intervene if he looked at the picture of-the dead Vietnamese peasants, of the devas- tation by napalm and artillery of the rice fields in North and South Vietnam done in the name of "democracy" and "anti-communism." No peasant in Asia would value "democracy" highly when he knows that his "democratic leaders" have done nothing to him,. but are busy sending money to foreign banks and spending their time in air-con- ditioned clubs and restaurants, sharing their newly acquired wealth with the newcomers: the Americans. FILM S 4 A6, 42! At.- cl it:r i LOE L RE511MT i-lAS WALAM140-IME FROM (AMOA r Y" .a t.Y .. '"J S .".X: Chief KeesYslniCalm By STEPHEN BERKOWITZ YPSILANTI -- In many ways, Ray Walton is the last person one would expect to be a police chief: a soft-spoken, middle-aged, rath- er shy sort of man. Although his problems are not terribly differ- ent from theirs, he shares hardly anything with the classical image of tough, cynical, big-city cops. He lives simply, in a small white- frame house in an integrated area near the Ypsilanti police station, sokes cigars, waves to people as he drives around town, and likes to take care of his garden-all-in- all an improbable combination. But Ypsilanti, Michigan, is a rather improbable town: during the rioting which broke out last week in Detroit and spread to many other parts of the state, Ypsilanti imposed a curfew, clos- ed down its liquor stores before the governor's proclamation, and sat tight. Nothing much happened. De- spite a population which is sub- stantially Negro and southern white, there were no outbreaks of racial violence and only a few incidents of window breaking -hardly anything out of the or- dinary for a largely industrial city of 25,000. A large part of the credit for what happened-or didn't happen -in Ypsilanti is attributable to the attitude adopted by Chief Walton and his 38-man force, four of whom are Negroes. Although residents of the area-like those of any growing industrial city- are not without complaints re- garding their police department, there seems to be none of the seething resentment of the police one encounters so frequently in ghetto areas. In addition, there seems to be a prevalent attitude among the people of Ypsilanti that, as one Negro resident put it,. "Ray Walton is a good man and this rubs off on his men." CHIEF RAY WALTON havior relevant to race relations- others, if they don't agree with the department's policies, leaves. Despite this, the Ypsilanti Po- lice Department has a much lower turnover rate than many depart- ments its size. "My men's attitude is that we've got enough problems without fighting with law-abiding citi- zens," the chief continued, "and that's the way it should be." Chief Walton's beliefs are also shared by many of Ypsilanti's city fathers. Mayor John Burton, long active in city affairs, and City Prosecutor Booker T. Williams, are both Negroes and belong to a long established Negro community, parts of which have been in Ypsi- lanti since pre-Civil War -days when the city was a terminal for the underground railroad. Indig- enous leadership is strong, and well-spaced throughout the resi- dential area. YPSILANTI IS, of course, ex- periencing some of the problems faced by every urban or urbaniz- ing area: some of its housing is old or poorly kept-up and should be replaced. A small urban renew- al project and several city-oper- ated, OEO projects have tried to cope with a substantial amount of youth unemployment and the need for job retraining. These projects have been small and hampered by lack of funds. Recreational area, despite several good city parks, is in short supply-espe- cially in the Negro section of town; and this may be a source of long-term problems. Roads In some parts of the city are poorly paved and in need of repair in others. In the short term, however, Yp- silanti seems to be on top of many of the sources of potential violence and unrest and has tak- en a substantial step towards cop- ing with the future. I * Back to Vietnam: Enter the Gallop Poll THE NATION'S ATTENTION was tem- porarily diverted from the war in Vietnam by the domino-like spreading of violence in major U.S. cities. But it is heartening to read in yesterday's New York Times the following dispatch: 'PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S handling of the Vietnam situation had the dis- approval of 52 per cent of the American people as of mid-July, according to a survey by George Gallup. Only a third expressed approval, Mr. Gallup said. "He said this was the highest level, of criticism reached so far and repre- sented a sharp rise in disapproval since the previous survey in mid-June. Public opinion in the earlier survey was evenly * Daily The Daily Is a member of the Associated Press and Collegiate Press Service. Summer subscription rate: *2.00 per term by carrier (82.50 by mal); $4.00 for entire summer ($4.$0 by mail). Daily except Monday during regular academic school year. Daily except Sunday and Monday during regular summer session. Second class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Michigan. 420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104. Sunzumer Editorial Staff LAUiENCE MEDOW ....,.............. Co-Editor STEPHEN FIRSHEIN ........ .........Co-Editor MARK LEVIN ........,Summer Supplement Editor NIGHT EDITORS: John Gray,_Wallace Immen, David divided on the President's policy in Viet- nam. The latest survey also showed: ! Forty-one per cent of the people think the United States made a mistake in sending troops to Vietnam in the first place-the largest percentage in the sur- veys so far. ! Fifty-six per cent now think the United States is either "losing ground" in Vietnam or "standing still," compared with 51 per cent who held these views at the beginning of the year., " Forty per cent favor a proposal to step up the United States troop commit- ment in Vietnam by 100,000 more men,, but 49 per cent are opposed. "The reasons given most frequently for opposing an increase in troop strength were that there were enough men there already to do the job or that there were too many there now. "Others expressed the belief that the South Vietnamese ought to take more re- sponsibility for the fighting." In the few instances where problems have arisen between the people and members of the police department, residents report that these have been rectified quickly, and this may be a clue as to why things are as they are. "Over a period of time if your position is proven right, it tends to have a big bearing on how your men act," the chief said. "My depart- ment has always wanted to have people's respect so that they can work in the community," and this equitable treatment of Ypsilanti's citizens has paid off in good morale and an easier job for the police department. CHIEF WALTON, according to his own testimony and that of other citizens, is accepted in the city as a good neighbor and friend -and this sets an example for his men. During the chief's three years in office, he has had to terminate only one man for be- Undynamic Duo .1 McNamaraY One-a Disaster' PRESIDENT .-JOHNSON'S consensus seems to be cracking. This latest sur- vey was taken before the riots in the U.S.; now people may be even more con- vinced to turn their attention inward from Vietnam. When your home is on fire, you worry less about the affairs of another household. --S.F. Riot Aid It was not necessary for Robert Strange McNamara to go all the way to Vietnam to be wrong once again. His track record so far is perfect. On every one of his trips to Vietnam he has brought back some sort of totally false impres- sion or wrong decisiion. After so much practice, you'd think he could stay home in his office, dis- cuss it with his regiment of pub- lic relations men and come out with some wrong conclusions with- out wasting tax money on a long trip. After trip Number Eight, just last year, McNamara came back and said that there were no plans to step up the war. Since then, of course, troops have gone over in ever increasing number, bombings have stepped up, and so forth. NO MATTER WHAT you think of Lyndon Johnson, he doesn't de- serve a secretary of defense who has been as consistently and dis- astrously wrong at Robert Mc- Namara. How long will the Presi- dent put up with it? The outlook isn't too rosy when you recall that, to cite another example, Robert McNamara's sec- ond Vietnam trip produced the statement that the Diem govern- ment had worked "a miracle," that the Communist drive had been "blunted" and that the drive against them was "successful." Trip Number Three, in Decem- ber, 1963, found McNamara reg- ularly ducking questions about the famous prediction that the war would be over in 1965, so far as commitment of Americans troop would be concerned. By trip Four it until almost too late. He watch- ed our helicopter program almost destroy itself on Vietnamese losses before reluctantly admitting his past mistakes. He has regularly been reported as the leading ad- vocate of bombing pauses-pauses which reguarly have permitted our enemies to regroup and resupply and thus be ready to kill more Americans when the pause ended. THERE IS NO KNOWN in- stance of Robert McNamara having exercised effective judg- ment in regard to Vietnam and there is absolutely no reason to believe that the actions followed his current trip will prove any better. One reason, of course, is ap- parent on this trip as on every other one: Robert McNamara has By ANDREW LUGG Film-makers seem to experience all sorts of problems when they make films in countries that they are not intimately connected with. When Polanski made "Repulsion," now showing at the Campus, with "The Collector," he was a com- parative newcomer to England, and the film seems to suffer be- cause of this. Polanski, fascinat- ed with the surface 'look" of the country, indulgently photographs some of the things he finds novel. This, which is natural, is very un- fortunate, since his early films- "Knife in the Water," in partic- ular - showed that he was a young film-maker of extraordinary talent. Our observation is further highlighted by his last film - "Cul-de-Sac." In this, also made in England, Polanski has got over the novelty of his new homeland, and has reopened his penetrating study of horror and the "neuroses of everyday living." THIS IS NOT to say that "Re- pulsion" is not a film which deals with these subjects. He certainly was interested in investigating this -"Repulsion" shows the subjec- tive horror of the "crack-up" of Catherine Deneuve, resulting from her overwhelming fear of being touched. The opening scene is shot in a beauty parlor where Miss Deneuve works. Polanski films this in such a way that a woman "being done" looks like a mummy. This is just horrific. But it is a failure in terms of the rest of the film, because Po- lanski did not set up the shot as And this is not just a single in- cident, where Polanski uses very obvious black and white state- ments to make his point. In addi- tion he relies on a large number of hackneyed symbolsand cine- matic cliches. Miss Deneuve con- stantly isaware of a convent nearby, into which she looks down to see groups of nuns, chatting, playing ball, etc. Clock ticks. She views a motor car accident, There are long pregnant pauses. After all this, it becomes a little difficult to accept the hor- hor-fantasies: walls cracking, men molesting her and the like. Polan- ski, in this film does not manage to blend together symbol, fantasy and the ordinary. Buskers playing on street corners does not equal the ordinary. And the cliches we mentioned above do not equal the subjective world of his heroine. THE OTHER FILM showing, Wil- liam Wyler's "The Collector," is another very thin work. Miranda (Samantha Eggar) is kidnapped by a young butterfly collector (Terence Stamp). He apparently has been "in love" with her since his youth and simply wants to own her. It takes Wyler an amaz- ingly long time to recount her efforts at getting away from him. Toward the end of this film too, there is a nice little duality: either Stamp can get a doctor for the very ill girl, allow him to be with her and probably get caught, or let her die. He chooses the latter course. Thus,,"The Collector," in its I