:Y Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom Baii4 ~w V ~r~P ~ ~ W ~ ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1960 FIVE CENTS . a ,. ir a n.n. II t A Assailant Fells Kishi With Knife Ex-Prime Minister Not Seriously Hurt TOKYO () -- Former Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi was stabbed late last night, just hours after he had turned in his resig- nation and a probable new prime ministere had been selected. Doctors reported that Kishi's wound was not serious. Kishi and his government will be replaced by another pro-West- ern leader of the Japanese ma- jority party as soon as the Diet appoints the newly-elected head of the Liberal-Democratic party as prime minister. The majority party leader is traditionally named to the post. A Liberal-Democratic conven- tion elected Ikeda party president on the second ballot. Kishi was scheduled to submit his resigna- tion as prime minister soon after, and the lower house of the Diet (parliament) then was to meet to name Ikeda. The Liberal Democrats have a solid majority in the lower house, and the party president tradition- ally is chosen prime minister. Kishi resigned as party presi- dent earlier yesterday. Under heavy fire from some members of REPLACE BELGIUM: UN Council Urged To Send Congo Aid UNITED NATIONS (P)-Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold last night urged the Security Council in extraordinary session to speed a military force to the Congo. It would replace Belgian troops whose ouster is demanded by Congo leaders. Chief United States delegate Henry Cabot Lodge welcomed Ham- marskjold's proposal and told the Council the United States is ready to help transport United Nations troops and supplies to .the Congo and to assist it in setting up communications. He also said the United NOBUSUKE KISHI ...Prime Minister stabbed States is prepared to supply food Haber Sees Economy's Fluctuations By MICHAEL BURNS "Michigan is a feast or famine state," Prof. William Haber of the economics department said yes- terday in looking at the state's economic condition. It haes been a "headline state" also, one in which the actual eco- nomic status has been distorted and misunderstood by newspapers,l other states and politicians. "When politics gets involved, the situa- tion is exaggerated," he said. Michigan is very sensitive to economic fluctuation because it is overly dependent upon its main industry, the manufacture of auto- mobiles. The great need of the state is development of a diversi- fied economy so that it will not be tied to this one primary source of income and thus rise and fall with the industry. Vulnerable to Fluctuations The fluctuation in demand is greatest for durable goods and the high degree of concentration in the automobile industry makes the state particularly vulnerable to this rise and fall type economy. Although the automobile indus- try is growing on a national scale, the companies have been going through a process of decentrali- zation. The percentage of the American auto workers in Michi- gan has declined by 10 per cent from 1947-58. This has nothing to do with taxes or individual politicians or labor leaders, Prof. Haber empha- sized. It is a "normal" thing. But on the asset side of the ledger, Michigan is one of the fastest growing states, with an in- crease in population exceeded by only two states between 1940-50. Michigan will have a population of between nine and ten million people in 1970, he predicted, and if the state is to maintain the present figure of 38 per cent em-! ployment, it must create one mil- lion new jobs. Must Create Jobs The question which the state's citizens must answer is whether these additional jobs will be cre- ated by the economy automatically or whether they will need public stimulation. Michigan also provides a fabu- lous market for manufacturers, with its $17 billion personal in- come topped by only five states. The labor factor has had both assets and liabilities. On the one hand it is one of the most edu- cated, skilled and civic-minded labor forces in the country. But the state has the highest degree of unionization in the na- tion - and the highest wages, ap- proximately $10 per week above the national average., Wage Hikes Result High wages are not necessarily to be explained by the unions, Prof. Haber said, but are the re- sult of increased demands for pro- ducts which raise prices and wages. Also, 80 per cent of Michi- gan's non-agricultural labor is in high wage jobs, due to its higher degree of skills.' Taxation has been named as the cause for much of the state's poor "business climate," but the economist said many factors in- fluence industrial location to help meet a critical shortage in o Leopoldville, the Congo capital. Soviet delegate Arkady A. Sobolev followed Lodge with a bitter at- tack on Belgium. He charged the Brussels government with aggres- sion and with stirring up trouble in the Congo. Sobolev said the United States has troops in West Germany pre- pared to intervene militarily in the Congo. He accused the United States ambassador in the Congo, Clare Timberlake, of intervention in affairs of the Leopoldville gov- ernment and compared the actions of the United States and Britain in the present situation to the dispatch of troops by those powers to Lebanon and Jordan last year. Sobolev said the Council must condemn the action of Belgium and demand withdrawal of its BULLETIN UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.(AlP- The UN Security Council early today authorized Secretary Gen- eral Dag Hammarskjold to send a UN military force to the vio- lence - torn Congo as soon as possible. troops. He said the Council should take effective action to halting aggression against the Congo, and to halt interference in the internal affairs of its new government. Sobolev appeared to rule out any chance of a vote last night, how- ever when he reserved the right to speak later on any proposals placed before the Council. Lodge in reply said Sobolev's statement was "mendacious, ca- lumnious . . a longwinded bit of Soviet nonsense." Nothing was farther from the truth than Sobolev's statement that the United States is trying to undermine the Congolese govern- ment, Lodge continued. 'Bagwell Says Planks 'Lifted' DETROIT (Ax-Paul W. Bag- well, the Republican candidate for governor, said yesterday his program was "shop-lifted" by the Democrats. Bagwell told a "meet-your- candidate" gathering at the De- troit Press Club that he was first to come out in favor of a consti- tutional convention and a tax- revision program. He said the Democrats had picked up these program planks as well as his urging of the creation of a new image of Michigan to attract new! business to the state. Ovations Welcome Stevenson CONVENTION HALL, Los An- geles (A ) - Kennedy may have had the votes of the delegates, but the enthusiasm in the Democratic na- tional convention still belonged to Adlai Stevenson last night. F The coy man from Illinois, who can't bring himself to say, yes, I'd like to run for a third time, got a wild ovation last night when his name was placed in nomination " by Sen. Eugene McCarthy of Min- nesota. His demonstration, for sheer noise and wildness, far out-pande- moniumed the receptions given the front runners, Sen. John F. Ken- nedy and Sen. Lyndon 13. John- son of Texas. Wave Signs Among the signs waved for Ste- venson were these: "Throw Jack Back - Draft Ad- lai," and "Invest in the Best - Adlai." From the gallery came the chant in waves, "We want Stevenson, we want Stevenson." The Stevenson move was first touched off by the revolt against California's Governor Edmond G. (Pat) Brown Monday and Tues- day, when his state delegation re- fused to go along with Brown (who backed Kennedy) and capped 30 votes for Stevenson. Beseiged Delegates After that, Eleanor Roosevelt's campaign manager, James Doyle, had beseiged people to swing for Stevenson, but not enough votes were amassed. Even Sen. Hubert Humphrey's very strong support of the Illinois ex - governor, voiced yesterday morning, failed to give the Steven- son movement the spark it needed. Stevenson, a great favorite in California, was getting most of his support from the galleries. The delegates, many of whom cast their loyalties elsewhere long ago, were far more restrained. 'Overwhelmed' Stevenson said he was "over- whelmed" by the demonstration. He spoke on television while the demonstration was continuing. All in all, it was a wild night, typical of the old uninhibited, Democratic party. Curiously, Kennedy and Johnson ran neck-and-neck, or yell-and- yell, in their demonstrations. Possibly by coincidence, possibly because the convention stage managers wanted it that way, each ran exactly 23 minutes. At his hotel suite, curiously un- like the other busy "Campaign headquarters," Stevenson relaxed and smiling, watched the conven- tion proceedings on his television set. Stevenson said he was unaware of his exact strength as measured in delegate votes before the first ballot began. He said he was "gratified and moved" by Mc- Carthy's nominating speech. He described it as one of the best political adadresses he had ever heard in a quarter of a century of; party conventions.1 SEN. JOHN F. KENNEDY ... Democratic Presidential Nominee CHARGES AGGRESSION: Russia Asks UN Action On U.S. Plane Incident MOSCOW (P)-The Soviet Union declared yesterday United States Air Force activities threatened the peace and called for a swift session' of the United Nations Security Council to consider the latest plane incident. ' Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko said the Soviet Union expects the CouncIl to take up "without delay" the case of the United States reconnaissance bomber shot down in the Arctic July 1. Echoing the words of Premier Nikita Khrush- his own party after three and one-half years in office and leftist opponents of the new United States-Japan military treaty, he had announced June 23 after bringing the treaty into effect that he would give up the reins - of the government. Ikeda, 61-year-old minister of international trade, won the see- and convention ballot of the Lib- eral-Democratic party convention with 302 votes to 194 for Mitsujiro Ishii, 71 years old, candidate of conservative forces opposed to Ikeda and chairman of the party's executive board. Lodge, Morton Loom as Go VT Choices In light of the tense interna- tional situation, Vice -President Richard M. Nixon has two men with foreign policy experience at the top of his list of possible run- ning mates. Sources close to Nixon, the al- most certain Republican presi- dential nominee, said that his prime choice for the No. 2 spot is between UN Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge and GOP National Chairman Thruston B. Morton, a former assistant Secretary of State. Three others getting honorable menticn in the Nixon camp are Secretary of the Treasury Robert B. Anderson of Texas, Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton of Nebraska and Charles H. Percy, 40-year-old Chicago business ex- ecutive and GOP Platform Com- mittee Chairman. chev at a news conference Tues- day, Gromyko's cable to the United Nations said "The new aggressive activities of the United States air force against the Soviet Union" were "a threat to the peace of the world." The cable urged the council ot take such measures as are neces- sary to end "the continuing pro- vocative actions by the United States.," The Soviet Union says the plane was on a spying mission and was shot down by a Soviet fighter plane over territorial waters. The United States denounced the downing of the RB47 in a note handed to the foreign ministry yesterday. The United States demanded the return of two of the six-man crew and the body of a third the Russians said they recovered. The Soviet Union says it will try the two as spies. Washington denied the Soviet version of the incident, saying the plane never came closer than 30 miles to Soviet soil. It accused the Soviet air force of a wanton at- tack on the plane. A United States spokesman said the United States would have filed a complaint with the council, charging the Soviet Union with shooting down a United States plane over international waters. yClaims ayUSSR Spied WASHINGTON (AP)-The navy said last night the Russian traw- ler which cruised close into the Atlantic coast last April was an "electronic spy ship" engaged in a bold reconnaissance of American defensives. This assertion came in a state- ment which followed by only two days the formal charge by Rus- sians that the American RB-47 plane shot down by Russian fight- ers was engaged in a spy attempt. The gist of the statement: The trawler, Vega, equipped with 11 antenna capable of check- ing in on any frequency, showed up in the midst of tests being con- ducted by the United States nu- clear submarine George Washing- ton on April 26. Later the Vega cruised down the coast to as close as 12 miles off Cape Henry, Va. That cape is at the approaches to the big United States navy base and fleet anchorage in the Nor- folk and Hampton Roads area. The spokesman said the navy and air force were conducting a joint exercise in ,the area at the time the trawler arrived off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. i Pass Over Others Passed over such other party stalwarts as: 1) Lyndon B. Johnson-one of the master parliamentarians o the age. A miracle man at getting his way in the Senate, Johnson's magic failed in the larger arena of the convention 2) Stuart Symington-A wealthy businessman turned politician. A man with a distinguished look, a specialist in defense who has gone up and dwnthe land crying that the Eisenhower administration has let United States ramparts crum- ble. His backers had hoped the party might turn to .Symington after a Kennedy-Johnson deadlock that never materialized. 3) Adlai Stevenson-twice the nominee and twice defeated. Darling of the intellectuals, turner of phrases and master of quips. ~His backers too had hoped he might get thetnomination from a Kennedy-Johnson deadlock. Tireless Campaigning To win this victory, Kennedy combined tireless campaigning in all states-including putting his name before the voters where there were primaries - plus in- tensive cultivation of the indi- vidual delegates to this conven- tion. It was no walkaway despite the easy look of the final result. In the opposition to Kennedy, aside from the other aspirants for the nomination, were some of the grandest names and most respect- ed leaders in the Democratic party. Former President Harry S. Tru- man opposed nomination of Ken- nedy. He plugged for Symington, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, who has wide influence among some Demo- cratic elements, publicly advised her party against nominating Kennedy. She wanted another try for Stevenson. House Speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas - called "Mr. Democrat" by many - battled against Ken- nedy and in behalf of his fellow Texan, Sen. Johnson. Out of this struggle, and Ken- nedy's victory in it, there is now dimly taking shape a new align- ment of the power controls in the Democratic party. It could mean a greater as- cendancy for big city party or- ganizations and for labor unions. Such labor chieftains as Walter Reuther of the auto workers, David McDonald of the steelworkers and Thomas Kennedy of the mine workers backed the Massachusetts senator. Wants Firm Stand As for civil rights, Martin Luther King yesterday called on Ken- nedy to "stand firmly on the plat- form the party has passed" if he wants Negro support in November. King agreed that many civil rights groups are skeptical on Kennedy's stand on civil rights, but he insisted that the campaign and Kennedy's activities in it will be decisive in determining which way the Negro vote swings. Yet to consolidate the shifts of power, even within the party, Kennedy must now win the con- test with Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, the prospective nominee 'of the Rnblians who will meet Senator Named On Initial Ballot Massachusetts Hopeful Gains Nod Despite Strong Stevenson Rallies CONVENTION HALL, LOS ANGELES W--John F, Ken- nedy last night overwhelmingly won the Democratic Presi- dential nomination. The party convention handed its banner to the 43-year- old Massachusetts senator in the first-ballot climax to a struggle of many months that was really over well before the hour of formal decision. By turning to Kennedy-the man with the boyish look, Harvard breeding, Boston Irish background and winning po- litical tradition, the Democrats: Offered th nation one of the youngest men ever nomi- nated by either party for the Presidency. Brushed away the memories of the 1928 Al Smith dis- aster and proffered a Roman Catholic once again for the highest political office in a__ predominantly Protestant na-* Here is how the voting stood' tion. at the Democratic National Convention at te end of the rfirst ballot before. Missoir switched and the' convention nominated Kennedy by accl mation: S Kennedy 9y, Johnson 409, Stevenson 79, Symington 86 Meyner 43, ,Humphrey 41, Smathers 30, Barnett 23, Love- rless 1Y2. k U' nTeatre. Should Stage Experiments "Success should not be a cri- terion for plays produced in uni- versity theatre programs," Elmer Rice said here yesterday. Rice, a noted playwright, Prof. William Halstead of the speech department, and Jerrold Sandler of WUOM, discussed the "Place of Theatre in the Acamedic Com- munity," as a part of the summer program on the social implica- tions of economic change. "You don't demand all experi- ments to be successes," Rice said. The effort should be to arrive at something new, fresh and inter- esting, The playwright said there seems to be a conventionality and tim- idity in the choice of material for college productions in general. Broadway hits and obscure clas- sics, in that order, usually consti- tute the fare of theatre-goers in the academic community. Choice Inhibited "Plays for which there is a, selective audience are necessary," Rice said. In many communities there is prudishness and a genu- flection to orthodox views of pro- priety inhibiting the choice of productions. In a university especially, there should be liberality, objectivity, and open-mindedness. The audi- ence should be able to appreciate or at least sympathize with at- tempts to present unusual and unknown plays. Prof. Halstead attributed re- sponsibility for the conformis tendencies in Ann Arbor produc- tions to an "extrertiely coserva- tive" local taste. He said the town: does not respond to the things that don't commonly attract large audiences. "We roust earn at least some part of our expenses," he added. Dislikes Box Office Rice called it unfortunate that university theatres should be de- pendent on the box office. "If six people come and enjoy the play, do it anyway," he said. "Besides," he added, "it is very good training for the actors and playwright, as well as the rest of the crew, to produce an experi- mental play-one whose popular- ity or even quality is not already assured." Rice suggested the University host a young playwright and do his plays, no matter what they are. Prof. Halstead objected that people should not have to put on ON 'VERGE OF STARVATION': Rice Warnsof Artistic Decline The outlook for artists in modern society is "not too hot," accord- ing to Elmer Rice, noted American playwright. Speaking on "Economic Change and the Support of the Arts" at the fourth in the University-sponsored program "Social Implications of Economic Change," Rice warned that "the great majority of artists in every field are close to the verge of starvation," and it is possible that the arts will disappear entirely from the American scene. Among immediate dangers to art today, Rice listed economic pressure driving artists away from spontaneous activities into subsi- dation and a regular salary; and the "deluge of trashy material flooding us," such as can be found in television, radio, motion picture, and magazine offerings. Material Dilutes Taste This material, he noted, is diluting the general taste; it is hard to keep our heads above the bilge. He traced the process of disassociation of art from the common people and everyday life. "As society becomes more and more com- nior '" o 'n Ai *n,.f bannmac mAnni-r 1nn+ .ra.i+ +A +n fthni nA,.tc. :