RECOGNION OF CHINA See PageF,4 Stitr an Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom Daii4 PARTLY CLOUDY Nigh-79 Cooler tonight and tomorrow. iun rr wr irw wwr VOL. LXX, No. 8S THE RULE OF LAW Part VII : The Challenge (EDITOR'S NOTE: This seven-part series reports the current Law School lecture series on "Post-war Thinking about the Rule of Law") By FRED STEINGOLD The basic problem in evaluating our system of law is identi- fying and delineating our ultimate values, Prof. W. Burnett Harvey said yesterday. In the last of seven Law School lectures, the legal philoso-' pher said: "The purest scientific method cannot make our ulti- mate value choices for us, nor can it provide verification of the choices we actually make. "In the final analysis these choices depend on the individ- ual's belief as to the nature of man-his place in the universe and in society." But, Prof. Harvey said, this view of ultimate value choices shouldn't suggest a sense of futility, for "in the Judao-Christian tradition of the West one finds b r o a d a re a s of significant agreement on ultimate values." Among these "common value acceptances" Prof. H a r v e y mentioned: the value of man as a creature of dignity and essential worth; traditional values of liberty and equality; some assurance of the material requisites of a decent life; and the opportunity of the people to participate significantly in the control of their govern- ment. "In considering the means of acceptable channeling of the awesome power of the modern state," Prof. Harvey said, "our primary attention should be on the ultimate values we accept and intend to preserve." Certain specific techniques can maximize our chances of ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 1960 FIVE CENTS FOUR P Ike Plan A For Aged +7m eni Rejected S GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, Mont. (MP)-The nation's governors rejected yesterday the Eisenhow- er Administration's approach to medical care for the elderly-with a strong helping hand from Nel- U ited States P0P son A. Rockefeller. Swift-paced developments, many of them tied together by ltclros akdtefnl pltcal roots, mared teh fnaCalls Action of the annual conference of the chief executives of the 50 states. Rockefeller deftly and definitely B left himself free to desert the Re- There publican colors in November, but WASHINGTON (P)-The United terms o it was only for a time. The man last night denounced as niendous who has been sniping heavily at ,,eworld, b the administration, both on 'arbitrary and discriminatory" the about t health insurance for the aged and seizure by Prime Minister Fidel boom, W the issue of national defense, fin- Castro of the American - owned Populati ally came out with a solid "will Texaco Oil refinery in Cuba. warned not bolt" declaration. The State Department said the "Wec Truman NoteTetaeDprmsadhe food to ; Cuban government was guilty of fers, th Word raced around the confer- "a naked seizure of property in ence of Harry S. Truman's tele- contravention of norms of conduct concern gram to Gov. James T. Blair Jr. by responsible governments." likely t of Missouri, resigning as a dele- The seizure of the oil company's vantage gate to next month's Democratic 26-million dollar plant in San- arger n National Convention in Los An- tiago was ordered by Castro fol- of chan geles. In its wake a new outburst lowing refusal of three companies he said, of Kennedy-For-President talk -two American and one Dutch- ticularly blazed up. British-to process Russian crude populati No uncommitted Democratic oil bought from the Soviet Union governors grabbed for a Kennedy with Cuban sugar. bandwagon. But supporters of Begin Sen. John F. Kennedy took Tru- Follows Charges tion Ch man's action as an indication that The United States denunciation Growth, the Massachusetts senator now is of the action followed American of thisr all but sure of the presidential charges that Castro's government TheI nomination and that the chances is disturbing hemispheric peace Tuadrup of Sen. Stuart Symington of Mis- by what it termed "slander and tripled souri are dead. hostile propaganda" against this doubled Rejects Proposal country. there h The conference rejected a In what amounted to an ac- rate as watered - down, fence - straddling knowledgement that its policy of economi proposal of its resolutions com- restraint toward Castro had been figuresh mittee to go on record as urging a vain exercise, the State Depart- cause t Congress merely to pass a law ment also accused the Cuban gov- centage providing for "a, health insurance ernment of an "intense campaign populat: plan for persons 65 years of age of distortions, half - truths and Immig and over." It voted instead, across outright falsehoods" against the tion by1 party lines, for a medical care United States. system within the framework of The hint of a switch in United the social security program. States policy toward the leftwing D al Rockefeller called a news con- Havana government was con- ference. In effect he called again tained in an 11-page bill of par- on Vice President Nixon to take ticulars filed with the Inter-Amer- a more clear-cut stand on nation- ican Peace Committee, a fact- al issues before the Republican finding unit of the 21 - nation National Convention. And he up- Organization of American States held his right to take a stand of (OAS). FARG his own in conflict with the posi- Issues Statement nine a tion of the Administration.,, 4ss i ne tpnightse Si JU1I~ IthA OItL~1 t t ca- Owned Refinery Dictator by Cuban o ULATION RISE: ees Non-Economic Dangers ,y MICHAEL BURNS Castro Says More Goods To Be Taken is no cause for alarm in f economics over the tre- s population growth of the but we must be concerned he social effects of such a W. Parker Mauldin of the ion Council, New York, here yesterday. can produce quite enough support double our num- ree times our numbers. Our is whether or not there is o be any major disad- associated with larger and numbers." history of America is one ge, "very rapid change," and this has been par- true in economic and on growths. Outlines Trends ning his talk on "Popula- .anges and Economic " he outlined the history nation's birth-rate trends. United States' population led from 1800 to 1850, from 1850 to 1900 and from 1900 to 1950. Thus as been a decline in birth the nation has improved ically, but the absolute have risen very greatly be- he seemingly small per- operates on such a large ion base. grants swelled the popula- the millions as they real- kota, Race 11 Close 3O, N.D. (/P)-Counting of ditional precincts late last ent Democratic congress- Seizure Follows To Use of U.S. Plan Its Refusal Russian Oil I securing and maintaining the "ideal of just law" according to Prof. Harvey. One technique is a written constitution postulating certain fundamental rights of men. "Certainly such a device is not essential to the attainment or preservation of the ideal of just law, but there is a widening perception of its utility to this end." Another technique is a system of checks and balances, Prof. Harvey continued. "This provides a basis on which the action of any one agency can be reviewed. It also opens up to popular inspection and political response many of the most critical de- cisions affecting the incidence of public force." The third technique suggested by Prof. Harvey is a means "for regularized and reliable modification of official action by reference to the assertion of individual grievances and popular demand." Prof. Harvey cautioned that the devices for making gov- ernment responsive to the people "lose their significance and may ultimately disappear or be seriously distorted if they are not cherished and used by a concerned and informed citizenry." Acknowledging that much of his discussion had been nega- tive in thrust-concerned mainly with limiting official power -Prof. Harvey said that the affirmative aspect of the Rule of Law must also be taken into account. In this regard he called for government to be more creative in attaining social goals. He said: "Governmental intervention is not a panacea for all our ills. But, in a complex techno- y' logical society like ours, we will encounter problems which de- mand more vision, more re- sources, more discipline and sometimes more altruism than we can expect from individuals or voluntary associations. "When such problems are en- countered, we should not be de- terred by any of the usual scare labels from using the resources of government and the instru- mentality of law as a means to PROF. W. B. HARVEY social progress." . .. challenge of law -Daily-Thomas Winder ECONOMIC GROWTH-W. Parker Mauldin, of the Population Council, New York, said yesterday that the United States had seen a decline in population rate and a rise in economic growth, showing the two were not correlated. NEA BODY: Educator Lists Goals For Teachers, Schools 'Local Group Writes Reply The Ann Arbor branch of the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People Sun- day unanimously approved a communication to the chairman of the Michigan Corporation and Se- curities Commission and issued a statement in reply to the local Board of Realtor's stand on hous- ing discrimination in Ann Arbor. A proposed state ruling would forbid real estate brokers and salesmen to refuse to deal with persons because of race, creed, color, national origin or ancestry. The Detroit Board of Realtors has suggested a substitute for the proposal, Rule 9, and has been supported by the Ann Arbor Board, which has said it believes that private property owners have "an unqualified moral and legal right to define without limitation the persons with whom the broker may deal ..." Mayor Cecil O. Creal also has said that home owners have a right to determine to whom they will sell their property. Among the reasons the NAACP suggested for rejecting the alter- nate to Rule 9 were: 1. "The testimony of a member of the Ann Arbor Board of Real- tors emphasized that his board respects the right of the owners to sell on a discriminatory basis, but does not respect the rights of the individuals who desire to sell on a non-discriminatory basis." 2. "Members of the Ann Arbor Board of Realtors have stated that local discriminatory housing prac- tices in Ann Arbor are reflections of the individual owner's desire to sell on a discriminatory basis. If we are to believe this, then adop- tion of the realtor's substitute rule would, in effect, give legal sanc- tion, where none now exists, for individuals to continue soliciting and showing houses on the basis of race, color, religion, national nricr" m.OTI&a.r of fa h...... n issuing Le s a emeni ae- nouncing seizure of the American- owned oil refinery, State Depart- ment press officer Lincoln White said he did not know yet whether the United States would send a formal protest to Havana. United States officials said they expect Castro would take over the two other foreign-owned refineries in Cuba, properties of Esso Stand- ard of New Jersey and Shell. The State Department said it considers the seizure of the Texas Co. facilities by the Cuban gov- ernment "as another in the series of arbitrary and discriminatory actions taken by that government against enterprises in Cuba owned by United States citizens." "This latest action being un- dertaken by the Cuban govern- ment is likely to displace much of the crude oil which the oil companies have long been bring- ing to Cuba from Venezuela," the statement said. man Quentin Burdick into the lead in his photo-finish race for the Senate seat with Republican Governor John E. Davis. Counting his back-stretch spurt, Burdick was 569 votes ahead of Davis with 30 precincts still to report. This small batch of pre- cincts turned up after the count- ing had been stopped for the night. The nine districts added 236 to the earlier margin Burdick held in the contest eyed nationally as charting a possible trend for the fall election in the nation's farm country. With 2,284 of 2,314 precincts re- porting, unofficial tabulations looked like this: Burdick-103,731 Davis-103,152 Burdick had been creeping up, slowly and uncertainly, for many a long and weary hour. But it wasn't until almost 24 hours after the polls closed Tuesday night that he finally got in front. ized the opportunities of the New World, until restrictive legislation in 1924 severely limited them. Fertility Important But the fertility increase was and is the important factor in the increase of any population. That is, natural increase far oversha- dows any gains due to immigration or decrease in the mortality rate, he explained. "In the long run, immortality would add less to the growth rate than a 10 per cent increase in fer- tility in areas near or above re- placement with an expectation of life of about 70 years," Mauldin said. The population with the higher rate of fertility will eventually surpass another whose fertility constant is less, but which experi- ences avoidance of all death. To Grow Rapidly Assuming present trends of growth, the United States' popu- lation will reach 312 million by 2000, he warned. If continued un- changed for 300 years, the popu- lation figure in this country would become "impossible" as far as physical space limitations and proper social development are con- cerned. For this reason, Mauldin be- lieves society, as individuals, will realize the world is finite and make "a conscious effort" to slow Is there a correlation between the birth rate and the economy? There is a relationship between the year to year changes in birth rate and the economic cycle, but no long term correlation, because fertility levels are determined by "stable secular trends." In fact, economic growth in an industrial society s nearly al ways rising, while population growth is usually declining. We don't know what causes the shifts in fertility rates, he said. Thus, the argument that a low birth rate "causes" a depression, or vice versa, is not justified. "I would argue that a great deal of economic change is due to technology and not population changes," Mauldin emphasized. Economists Disagree Some economists believe that population growth is the "prime mover" of economic growth; others say the real per capita income would increase if population ex- pansion rate were slowed down. Regardless of these theories, population growth was once good for our country, the demographer stated. It provided the economy with a large base which fostered heavy industry and allowed the nation to progress rapidly. It also gave the United States a psychological advantage because the people felt they had sufficient numbers for a large army and for I HAVANA (A)-Prime Minister Fidel Castro seized one of the: two American-owned oil refineries in Cuba yesterday after bitterly telling a mass meeting he was ready to take over the property of all Americans in Cuba "down to the nails in their shoes." The seizure order against the Texaco oil company's 26-mllion- dollar plant in Santiago followed refusal to three companies-two American and one Dutch-British --to process Russian crude oil bought from the Soviet Union with Cuban sugar. Castro ordered his National In- stitute of Petroleum to intervene -a practice here equal to confis- cation-the Texaco plant unless its operators accepted 25,000 bar- rels of Rusian crude and pro- cessed It. Company officials had orders to refuse the Russian oil. Inter- vention, backed by armed work- ers-militiamen already in virtual control of the Santiago refinery, resulted. Agents of Castro's Cuban Petro- leum Institute took over the Ha- vana headquarters of Texaco an hour later, it was reported. Pre- sumably the seizure included Texaco's marketing organization in Cuba as well. Castro, in his formal resolution accused Texaco of violating a 1938 law which directs all refineries in Cuba to refine "state-owned oil at the orders of the government. The two other companies, Esso Standard of New Jersey and Shell Oil, said they had not been mo- lested as yet. The three companies have said. they cannot process the Russian oil because they have obligations to their traditional suppliers, in this case Venezuela. Castro contends he can buy So- viet crude oil for $1 a barrel under the Venezuelan price. The companies have a 75-mil- lion-dollar investment in Cuba: plus an estimated 60 million dol- lars in foreign exchange the Cas- tro government owes them for crude oil already imported and processed. Truman Quits Democratic Delegation WASHINGTON (A)--F o r m e r President Harry S. Truman jolted his beloved Dem~xocratc Party yesterdaywith the blunt an- nouncement he will not attend its National Convention next month. He refused to say why just now. Some saw in the surprise state. ment an indication that he has given up hope that his fellow Mis- sourian, Sen. Stuart Symington, can win the nomination. But Symington, in Washington, talked to Truman by telephone in Independence, Mo., and then told a reporter: "He went out of his way to as- sure me that this decision. on his part did not in any way change his unqualified support of, my candidacy." Symington, generally regarded as running third in the race for the nomination, behind Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, added that he is still "running hard as a candidate." - Truman, at Independence, gave no explanation of his decision, which was a shocker to politicians wondering how such a confirmed political firehorse could stay away from a national convention. The ex-president did say he would hold a news conference Saturday, and he told reporters whn nresser him for hia mcewM MAN IN SPACE PROGRAM: Satellite Intended t LOS ANGELES (W)-Rigid new standards for teachers and the colleges that train them were pro- posed yesterday by a commission of the National Education Assn. The proposals will be presented to the NEA at a convention ses- sion today by Margaret Lindsey, director of the project carried out by the National Commission of Teacher Education and Profes- sional Standards, File Articles Of Corporation The Religious Center of the Dearborn Campus, Inc., has filed articles of incorporation with the Michigan Corporation and Secur- ities Commission, The purpose of the non-profit organization is "to further the re- "The next step is to work with- in the profession to get the standards adopted," Miss Lindsey told a news conference. "Teaching is a young and immature profes- sion. We must raise ourselves by our bootstraps and show that we can take the responsibility for getting qualified people into the class room." Teacher training should be a five-year program, instead of the four-year program now generally accepted. This five years should include a half year of "internship," in- cluding supervised practice teach- ing. Some practice teaching also would be introduced in the second, third or fourth year of college, to show the students what they're getting into and weed out those who have no aptitude for the classroom. The five-year program would be followed by a sixth year for which n n-nh - - ^111 .. a n . n - .-- rapid population expansion. Ifilling the expansive teritories. o Perfect Recovery VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (A') - The 12th Dis- coverer satellite rocket, crammed with special instruments, shot south toward polar orbit yesterday for a new try at a vital two-way mission: recovering a space capsule from orbit or finding what's wrong. A successful recovery system is deemed a must for America's Man in Space program. Ten previous trys have gone awry, for reasons not precisely known. The experts hope for their first success this time. But to analyze the failure-if there is one-they have jammed the capsule with gear to radio performance details from the moment it is ejected from the whirling satellite until its parachute bursts forth in the earth's lower atmosphere. Planes trailing catching devices are supposed to snag the chute as it wafts down near Hawaii tomorrow, if all goes well. Today's launch from a seaside pad at this West Coast missile- space base came at 3:01 p.m. in partly overcast weather. The 78-foot two-stage Thor-Agena rocket combination lifted off beautifully and, trailing white smoke and yellow flame, went through a hole in the clouds, vanished, then reappeared and was in sight for two minutes before it disappeared high over the Pacific. The 27-inch, 300-pound capsule was in the nose of the second stage Agena, all of which was designed to orbit. Ejection was scheduled, for the satellite's 17th orbital pass this afternoon. The Discoverer series box score: the first orbited, but carried no capsule. Four failed to orbit. Six orbited and the capsules presumably ejected, but were not recovered. The trouhle a snokesman says. is believed to be that after separa-