CORRUPTION AMONG ATHLETES See Page 4 Y L Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom 471 a tt WARM, HUMID High-85 Low-O Cloudy, scattered showers and thundershowers today and tonight m ... .. 4.LXX, No. 7S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 1960 FIVE CENTS SIX PAGE i ublic Care of Aged Stressed By MICHAEL BURNS The role of private voluntary agencies in providing services to the elderly is more important than that of governmental organiza- tions in Great Britain, a noted English social worker emphasized last night. "What we aim to provide is .. . comprehensive care," Mrs. Bar- bara Shenfield explained, not "welfare statism." "Never has there been such a growth of private efforts" as in the field of old age assistancesbut the cooperation between govern- mental, private and local agencies has attempted to provide a struc- ture of care for older people who need certain care. Mrs. Shenfleld, chairman of Ad- visory and Welfare Services for the Birmingham Council on Old People, London, England, spoke on "Interaction Between Commu- nity and Government Structures for Implementing Social Policies for the Aging" in ,the Michigan Union Ballroom. Not Total Coverage Contrary to the general foreign impression, the government does not provide a "womb to tomb" medical care program, for volun- tary organizations have "very much pioneered and developed their own approach" to the prob- lems and programs of old age care, she said. The federal statutory agencies provide the "major and most ex- pensive financing," direction and sanction of the social programs, the local agencies serve as the BRITISH CARE OF AGED-Mrs. Barbara Shenfield last night told the Conference on Aging that private care is more important than public programs in Britain. administering agents for the state and as a coordinator between the government and voluntary organi- zations. The private agencies usually make the first advances toward social progress, she said. The means of coordinating these branches of service is accom- plished best through "interlock- ing memberships of committees." THE RULE OF LAW Part VI- The Legislative Process (EDITOR'S NOTE: This seven-part series reports the current Law School lecture series on "Post-War Thinking about the Rule of Law") By FRED STEINGOLD Attempts by the legislature to regulate taste in morals or beliefs indicate that society has lost faith in itself, Prof. Sam- uel D. Estep said yesterday. In his lecture on the legislative process, the Law School professor said his remarks might be interpreted by some as fostering immorality but he dismissed this sort of criticism as, emotional reaction. Prof. Estep found Sunday blue laws and censorship to be particularly offensive. When the legislature enacts laws such as these which are unsuitable for the legal sanctions of govern- ment, it does much to undermine the law and legal system as a method of controlling so- ciety, Prof. Estep said. Statutes dictating that Sun- day shall be a legal day of rest are most ill-advised, Prof. Es- tep said, and should be opposed by the organized Bar. "These laws are a modern day version of the old laws of the Middle Ages enacted clearly for re- ligious purposes," he said. "Re- gardless of whether they are constitutional, these statutes should not be enacted." Sunday laws discriminate against important minorities in our society, Prof. Estep said. Even more significant, ac- cording to Prof. Estep, is that the laws indicate the Church has lost its hold on the minds of men. should help (the supporters of "I do not believe the law ~"' these statutes) reach a result involving moral beliefs which their intellectual persuasion, with complete access to the minds of men, had not permitted them to do," he said. Those who argue zealously for enactment of Sunday laws, Prof. Estep conjectured, "are seeking to dictate to others as a crutch for their own beliefs that subconsciously they are be- ginning to question." Moving on to obscenity statutes, Prof. Estep said there is no acceptable evidence of a causal connection between porno- graphic literature and illegal action on the part even of the youthful. "The burden of proof in speech cases should remain on the prosecution to show that there is at least some evidence indi- cating a danger of action resulting from exposure to the offen- sive material," he said. "There is much evidence that the troubles of juvenile de- linquents, if they be sexual along with others, are much more deep-seated than can be explained by reading violent or dirty comic books. "Let's quit fooling ourselves and stop thinking we can even help remedy the situation by passing obscenity laws." Here again Prof. Estep offered a psychological explanation for the zealous support for these statutes. Again, he said it is * *... ANN an attempt of the zealots to re- inforce their own shaky moral standards -- a process which psychologists call reaction for- mation. In similar fashion, Prof. Es- tep criticized attempts to re- y strain other expressions of By choosing experts and author- ities in a chosen field of service to serve on subcommittees which are actually operating in the imple- mentation of an organization's policies, effective action can best be accomplished, Mrs. Shenfield explained. Unwieldy Council This overcomes the problem of having a large policy - making council that cannot be utilized to provide actual services. The areas of aid to the aged in Britain are basically five: income support, medical care, accommo- dations, personal services and leisure, recreational and educa- tional facilities. The first two are handled al- most exclusively by the federal government, the social worker said. In the area of housing, pri- vate voluntary and local organiza- tions have led the way. Twenty- two per cent of all housing pro- jects are private developments for older people in England. Private agencies also pioneered the idea of smaller, more "genu- inely homely homes" for older people, rather than the low- quality, communal type of pro- jects sponsored by the govern- ment. The federal government has now adopted this new kind of housing for elderly persons, she explained.! Personal services and recrea- tional and leisure services are also primarily the function of the voluntary organizations, although some of their programs have been adopted by the statutory govern-; mental agencies. These programs are best handled in this way because of the need for the friendly, neighborly type of services included. Vote Result Promises Close Race FARGO, N.D. M)-Republican Governor John E. Davis last night held a narrow-squeak lead in a special Senate election, but Rep. Quentin Burdick (D-N.D.) kept whittling Davis' margin as the farm vote rolled in. With 824 of 2,310 precincts re- porting, the scoreboard showed this: Davis 50,261. Burdick 43,006.' This gave Davis 54 per cent of the total vote. Earlier in the night the governor was running as high as 59 per cent. It looked as if this race-in the national spotlight because it may be a tipoff on the administration's popularity in the farm belt- might not be decided until the last vote is counted sometime to- morrow. There were several signs that Davis might find rough going ahead. For example: Davis carried Fargo, North Da- kota's largest city and Burdick's home town, by 9431 to 6,705. But his winning margin as compared with his race for governor two years ago was cut from 64 to 58 per cent. Two years ago Davis won his gubernatorial race by only 13,000 votes, and he has to carry his strongholds by about the same margin as he did in 1958 if he expects to win. Yet in Stutsman county, which Davis won by 4,149 to 3,729 votes two years ago, he trailed in early returns, 1.140 to 1,133. And in some other Republican areas he was ahead by a smaller percent- age than he had in 1958. Yet it still was too early to draw any conclusions. Both sides agree that Davis has to pile up his lead in the cities and towns, which normally report first, to offset the Burdick vote from the rural areas that is ex- pected later. At immediate stake is the Sen- ate seat left vacant when Repub- lican Sen. William Langer died. But nationally the stakes are even greater. The leaders of both parties feel that as North Dakota goes, so may go the farm states in the presidential election in November. This was a long, hard fought, well organized campaign - big names from both parties hurried in to help-and the candidates still had a long wait for the ver- dict. Only four cities have voting machines, and the largest, Fargo, isn't among them. If the vote hits around 200,000, most of which must be counted by hand, it may be early today, or possibly even later, before anyone knows for sure what happened, Reds To Increase Arms After Conference Failur Missiles Set, For Detroit Air Bases To Lose Hercules to Cities WASHINGTON (A) - The de- fense department y e s t e r d a y abandoned plans to defend seven United States Strategic Air Com- mand bases with Hercules anti- aircraft missiles and instead as- signed the missiles to seven met- ropolitan areas including Detroit. It also decided not to assign Hercules weapons to protect the atomic energy plant at Hanford, Wash. Apparently this was based on a belief that so large and vital an installation would be a prime target for intercontinental ballis- tic missiles, against which Hercu- les would provide no defense. The Hercules has about three times the 25 to 30 mile range of the Ajax, which it will replace. The Hercules can be loaded with either conventional high explo- gives or nuclear charges, whereas the Ajax carries only convention- al high explosives. The army com- mands and mans missile batteries for both. Under the plan, Hercules bat- teries now guarding Elleworth Air teries now guarding Ellsworth Air the Hanford Plutonium Center will be moved. Nike units will not be activated as planned at air bases at: Malstrom, Mont.; Mi- not, N.D.; Mountain Home, Idaho; Glasgow, Mont.; Walker at Ros- well, N.M., and Schilling at Sa- lina, Kan. The seven metropolitan areas which will get Hercules missiles originally earmarked for the air bases to replace Ajax batteries are Detroit, San Francisco, Chi- cago, Philadelphia, New York, Los Angeles and Washington-Balti- more. The defense department did not explain its decision, Soviet Plans Test Shots-. MOSCOW (--The Soviet Un- ion announced last night it will start a new series of powerful rocket shoots into the central Pa- cific between July 5 and 31. The target area of about 50,000 square miles slightly overlaps the zoneinto which the Russians fired their first rocket into the mid-Pacific last January. It is about 1,000 miles south- west of Hawaii, The July target area will be about150 miles farther to the southeast than the one in Janu- ary, however. On their first try the Russians said they came within a mile of the target from 7,000 miles away. The United States has since fired a super Atlas rocket 9,000 miles, or more than a third of the way around the world, from Cape Canaveral past the southern tip of South Africa, STRENGTHEN DEFENSES-Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev insisted last night that Russia has a "sacred duty" to boost Its armed services, now that the Geneva disarmament parley has collapsed. GOVERNORS' CONFERENCE: Rockefeller Criticizes Defene Budget Polic GLACIER NATIONAL PARK ()-A potential stop-Kennedy cam- paign failed to jell yesterday at the annual governors' conference.. And Nelson A. Rockefeller blasted the Eisenhower administration as having produced a "paradox of peril" in national defense. Four favorite son Democratic governors, from New Jersey, Iowa, Kansas and California, talked politics at breakfast. Gov. Robert B. Meyner of New Jersey said they accomplished exactly nothing. The quartet was pretty much in agreement that it would be nice to have a "real convention' at Los Angeles next month - one that would "stay open long enough' so we can get our money's worth." Deny Conjectures But they denied they were bent on throwing themselves under the wheels of a bandwagon for Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachu- setts. From Republican ranks. Rocke- feller poured oil on political fires. In defense spending - The New York governor again was urginy a three billion dollar increase in defense spending -- while United States Budget Direc- tor Maurice H. Stans was appeal- ing to governors to resist compul- sive spending and "government- by-credit-cards." Democratic colleagues formed a' sort of Rockefeller cheering sec- tion. Some Republicans chided him a bit. Stans got some applause, but also some complaints on points he made -- such as admonitions to the states that they can't tap the federal till too often and hard. Asks Defense Hike In a statement issued as a back- drop for a report of the confer- ence committee on civil defense, which he heads, Rockefeller pro- posed once more a $500 million hike in civil defense spending in addition to a three billion increase for national defense. Khrushel Sa ys USSR Aims at U.S. GENEVA (i)-British Minister of State David Ormsby-Gore said yesterday the Soviet Union broke up the 10-nation disarmament talks in a further effort to "pillory the United States before the world." Ormsby - Gore, chief British delegate, said the Western powers suspected ever since the collapse of the Paris summit meeting that the Soviet bloc would put in only a "token appearance" at the Ge- neva parley. He told a news conference the Russians had made it clear ever since the summit fiasco that they had no intention of conducting serious general disarmament nego- tiations with the United States "at this time." The Western governments nev- ertheless decided to assume the Russians were acting in good faith in ' continuing the negotiations after the summit collapse, he said, because "there is not the slightest use in negotiating if you start by saying the other side is in bad faith." CA s Move Sacred Duty Communist Leader Warns Imperialists May Provoke War MOSCOW (M--Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev said last night that in the absence of an East- West disarmament agreement it Is the sacred duty of the Soviet Union to strengthen its armed forces, Khrushchev spoke at a Krem- lin reception for graduates of Soviet army and navy academies,. The Communist leader insisted the main goal of the Soviet gov- ernment is peace, but added that this did not mean the "imperial- ists cannot start a war." "The Soviet Union has submit- ted proposals for disarmament and striven for an agreement on disarmament," Khrushchev said. "So long as our partners have not consented to this and no agree- ment has been reached, it is our sacred duty to strengthen the armed forces." Implies Debate Khrushchev, coming close to a discussion of the recent debate with the Red Chinese about in- evitability of war in modern times, told the graduates he wanted them to have "a correct and profound understanding of the policy of the Communist Party and the Soviet government' with regard to wars." He said changes have taken place, in the world which no*w make it possible to prevent wars. (A basic Leninist tenet is that war between Communism and Capitalism is inevitable.) "As I have already said on more than one occasion," the premier continued, "the proposition that war is not inevitable in present conditions does not mean that the Imperialists cannot start it. 'War Planned' "Facts of the recent period have shown again, and again that the aggressive circles of Imperialism are harboring plans of war. In the postwar years we have more than once checked the aggressors, curbed their attempts at starting a new war, Reds Admit Tibet Re volt KATMANDU, Nepal 05)-A new revolt has flared up among Ti- bet's stubborn peasants, and Com- munist troops are fighting to put it down, Red China officially ad- mitted yesterday, Refugees from the montainous Buddist kingdom have been re- porting for several weeks that Ti- betan guerrillas, suppressed blood- ily after their uprising in March 1959, had come to life again and in some cases had fought pitched battles with the Chinese Commu- nists. Yesterday the Nepali foreign office announced the receipt of a note from Peiping confirming the new uprising. The note said armed forces have been sent to put down the rebels and some of the rein- forcements have moved into a zone along Nepal's border, which the Red Chinese had promised to keep demilitarized. The foreign office said the note promised the troops would not violate Nepal's territory in pur- suing the rebels, and would with- draw from the demilitarized strip when the rebellion is crushed. Protest Fails In Leopoldville LEOPOLDV=IL, Belgian Con- go (P)-Members of two disgrun- tled political groups attempted a march through Leopoldville's main street yesterday to protest Less Concern with World Causes Eccentricity in Old' Old people are eccentric because they are less concerned with the outer world and feel less pressure of conformity, more than 500 experts on aging were told here yesterday. Reporting before the University's 13th annual Conference on Aging, Elaine Cumming of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, added that withdrawal from worldly concerns is a charac- teristic of aging in America. As a person grows older, he stops thinking of time as infinite and recognizes its scarcity, re-orienting himself by giving up certain long-range aspirations. "I can, myself, remember the day on which I decided I should never read Gib- bon's 'Decline and Fall of the Ro- ORAL INTERPRE man Empire'," she told the ex- . 1 l perts. & As his view of time changes, the individual becomes more con-0 cerned with the meaning of life and less oriented towards action, "As the individual gradually re- duces his investment in the outer world, he redefines himself as less bound by social interactions," she noted, adding that this makes for greater self-expression and eccen- tricity, Miss Cumming's conclusions1 were based on an intensive analy- sis of 275 adults more than 50' years old. Miss Cumming also reported that old people tend to value "old, comfortable relationships." They tend to -become close to people who are like themselves in history and background, a natural way of aging that carries with it in- TATION: ,y Advocates Literary Research By ANDREW HAWLEY Speaking on "Literary R esearch in Oral Interpretation," Prof. L. LaMont Okey, of the speech department, sadi yesterday "we have failed to make research our 'backyard patch."' He was referring to an earlier statement that there is a need to observe the whole of research, to be at ease in it. The three r's of scholarship are research, reporting and reflect- tive thinking. We do oral reporting, but interpretation needs written as well as oral research, he said. Prof. Okey said he thought interpretive speech specialists are better equipped to do literary research than their colleagues in Eng- lish and other speech areas. He also said interpretive speakers should be aware of the literary' elmens f hemateri a ndc muieathm to te ane I' lG } r,: htS .... ... ...