LEGION AWARD REFUSAL See Page 4 Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom 4bp :43 POSSIBLE SHOWERS High-82 Increasing cloudiness, chance of few light showers by afternoon, FIVE CENTS OL. LXX, No. 6S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1960 FIVE CENTS SIK N - orse Attacks Age Problem Disarmament Conference Eni By MICHAEL BURNS There is a "deep need" for the American public to recognize their "responsibility of citizen states- manship" in order to "change the condoning of deception in poli- tics," Sen. Wayne L. Morse (D- Ore.) said here last night. Digressing from his prepared text at the University's Annual Conference on Aging, Morse stres- sed the human social relations as the basis of the Constitution. Procedural rights are more im- portant than substantive rights, for the former "determine the -Daily-Thomas Winder PROBLEMS OF AGING-Sen. Wayne Morse told the nation's experts on problems of the aging last night that the aging are emerging as an important minority in contemporary society. THE RULE OF LAW Part V: International Outlook (EDITOR'S NOTE: This seven-part series reports the current Law School lecture series on "Post-war Thinking about the Rule of Law") By FRED STEINGOLD There are no longer any safe or practicable alternatives to the Rule of Law in settling international disputes, Prof. William W. Bishop said yesterday. Referring to modern methods of warfare, the Law School lecturer said: "The old alternative of the actual resort to force for the settlement of international disputes-instead of mere threat of force or fear that it might be used-has lost much of its appeal even for those nations which might not care much for the law." Prof. Bishop made several suggestions for increasing the resort to the international Rule of Law. 1) Make greater use of the legal machinery. Prof. Bishop said that the basic weakness of the World Court is that its compulsory jurisdiction is lim- ited. The Communist nations have not accepted the "optional clause" of the United Nations Charter which would automati- cally confer jurisdiction upon the Court when a controversy arose. The United States has accepted the "optional clause" but the Connally Amendment "renders our acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction to a large extent illusory." (The Connally Amendment says that the World Court will not have jurisdiction over mat- ters which the United States ..: determines are essentially with- in its domestic jurisdiction.) The international law expert urged that we take the lead in conferring greater compulsory jurisdiction on the World Court "instead of dragging our heels through the effect and influence of the self-judging limitation in our compulsory jurisdiction found in the Connally Amendment." Were the Amendment repealed, the Court itself would determine, according to international law, whether it had juris- diction. 2) Establish permanent local international tribunals. Prof. Bishop suggested that an inexpensive procedure should be set up by which individuals could press, in their own names, their international claims for injuries at the hands of foreign govern- ments. 3t Compile customary law. "We could do far more than we have to bring about international cooperative compilation of international customary law, and make the law easier to find as well as more clearly defined." 4) Work for better handling of non-justiciable disputes. Prof. Bishop said that certain questions are better resolved through political adjustment than through legal processes. He gave this example: "The question of whether by cutting off access to Berlin the Soviet Union (or East Germany) violates international obligations is a justiciable question; the question of what should be done about the future of Germany is a politi- cal question falling outside the special competence of courts." The professor said we must work for better handling of these non-justiciable disputes by political means which conform to the law. 5) Create better understand- ing. "We must try," Prof. Bishop concluded, "to bring about a better public under- standing of the need for inter- national law, of what we now have in the way of international law, of our existing means for making that law and using warp and woof of the fabric of our Constitution," and the rights of the individual. One group which is particularly in need of governmental protec- tion are those 65 years of age and over. Distinct Minority "Unlike most of America's mi- norities, the aged are emerging as a distinct minority, rather than being absorbed." The country can afford to aid its elderly citizens and the aged ought to make sure that adequate measures are taken by political action, the senator said. The traditional form of assis- tance, the three-generation fam- ily, is disappearing from the American scene for several rea- sons, he said. First, many persons wish to continue working after 65 years of age and also many such persons look forward to retire- ment as a period of enjoyment. Social Action However, the problem needs social action, Morse said, for the group of age 65 and over has risen from four per cent of the population in 1900 to approxi- mately nine per cent in 1958. "The rise in their numbers has coin- cided with the isolation of the aged as a group." The approach to be considered in formulating a policy toward the senior citizen must take into account the fact that 1975 will see an estimated 20 per cent of the over-65 group in the labor force, while in 1900 the figure was 37 per cent. Automation has produced much of this trend toward youth, the Oregon senator explained, al- though stopping automation is not the answer, but speeding up adjustment to the process is. The entrance of more women into the labor force has also caused this displacement of the aged. Lowest Income "Already the lowest income group insofar as age is concerned, their (the aged) income problem is likely to worsen unless some steps are taken to prevent it," he said. Those who wish to continue working after 65 should be al- lowed to do so and should not be discriminated against because of their age, he stressed. On the other hand, those who wish to retire should be provided by social security with enough to live "in reasonable comfort." The senator explained that the social security system was orig- niated in the depression and was inadequate even then. It was or- iginated to encourage elderly per- sons to retire to provide more jobs for youth. AuthorsBill As the authorsof an amend- ment to the Forand Bill which would provide health insurance to the aged, Morse said he favored dropping the age restriction in the case of total disability for social security and also lowering retirement age minimum for those wishing to retire. There is little chance of passage of the Forand Bill this session, he predicted, but there will be "some- thing of substance" passed this year by Congress which can be improved in the future. He promised that he would at- tempt to obtain a roll-call vote in the Senate on either the For- and Bill or the similar McNamara Bill in order to show how senators felt on the issue, (Morse earlier failed to get such a vote on his own medical care bill presented in the Senate.) Political Action The elderly and middle-aged need to make their opinions known through "the language of votes" which politicians under- stand best, he said. "They must become conscious of the political connection between how they vote on election day and the kind of policy which they will live under in their old age. I hope the day of political action is not far off," he said, ". . . which would force the government to live up to its moral obligation" to its citizens. Morse also stated his belief in an expanding national economy and he rapped government sub- sidy for business, warning that "we aren't living in a free econ- omy . . we are living in a de- fense economy." The country must move toward a free economy as soon as it is "safe," but that is difficult to estimate, let alone achieve, he said. Conference Honors Two With Communist Bloc Admissions Procedures Discriminate By GENE CURRIVAN New York Times Staff Writer Tests and procedures used by American colleges to choose stu- dents were assailed Saturday by a group of educators as undemo- cratic and discriminatory. They made their charges in a report that also found that more students dropped out during col- lege than in the transition between high school and college, as had been generally assumed. In colleges the drop-out rate of the top 30 per cent has been estimated at 400,000 students a year. The report was a compendium of talks on the national talent loss given last fall at a colloquium on college admissions at Arden House, Harriman, NY., under the auspices of the College Entrance Examination Board. 'Sad Indictment' The over-all situation was de- scribed as "a sad indictment of American democracy," by Samuel A. Stouffer, director of the Labora- tory of Social Relations at Harvard University. The report indicates these things: Able students are being deprived of a higher education because of their color or economic position. "Gifted" athletes are the only students sure of admission to col- lege. Colleges are partial toward those students from the "right" schools and the right side of the tracks. Standards Lax Too wide a range of mental capacities is accepted, with the result that many students who get into college should never have gone in the first place. Colleges do not recruit academic talent from the "poorer" schools as they do athletic talent. A corollary to the indictment was critical of parents whose atti- tude may decide whether a boy or girl goes to college. John Monro, dean of Harvard College, who directed the collo- quium, maintained that if parents wanted and urged their children to go to college "the children are apt to get there, money or no." Prof. Peter H. Rossi of the Uni- versity of Chicago sociology de- partment commented on under- graduate culture. Charges Irresponsibility "A large part of the difficulty," he asserted, "lies in the fact that the undergraduates are only show- ing a slightly different and more expensive variety of a general youth culture which expresses ir- responsibility, glamour and the pursuit of the immediately gratify- ing." "Owning a red, foreign-made sports car," he said, "is only a more refined and less objectionable form of the hot-rod belonging to the non-college-going youth." Donald S. Gridgman, consultant of the National Science Founda- See EDUCATORS, Page 2 0 DEFENDS PERSONAL DIPLOMACY: Ike Attacks Demonstrations WASHINGTON (P) -President Dwight D. Eisenhower said last night that although he has no plan now for another overseas trip, "I would not hesitate a second" to venture abroad again in the cause of world peace. The United States must "never be bluffed, cajoled, blinded or frightened" by Communist tactics aimed at splitting the free world, including Red demonstrations against foreign trips by the United States, Eisenhower said. Eisenhower spoke in a nation- wide radio-TV report to the Amer- ican people a day after returning from a two-week journey to the Philippines, Formosa, South Korea and United States-held Okinawa. Attacks Demonstrations His planned visit to Japan was called off after Japanese mobs, opposing a new security treaty with the United States, created near-chaos there. The President attacked what he termed Communist-inspired dem- onstrations against his trip. He also gave a basic defense of his undertakings in personal diplo- macy since he came to the White House in 1953. He noted that now, since he is near the end of his presidential tenure, the prospects are he will not be going abroad as President again. By implication, Eisenhower also rebuffed criticism from some Democrats in the aftermath of the summit conference blowup and the cancellation of his Japan- ese visit. 'Must Accept Risks' "We cannot win out against the Communist purpose to domi- nate the world by being timid, passive or apologetic when we are acting in our own and the free world's interests," Eisenhower said. "We must accept the risks of bold action with coolness and courage . . ." NEA Starts Annual Battle On Integration LOS ANGELES MP)-The annual battle within the National Educa- tion Assn. over the stand that powerful organization should take on school integration got under way yesterday. An opening hearing by the reso- lutions committee attracted about 500 convention delegates, most of whom were emphatic and bitter in their demands for a strong statement condemning continued segregation in the South. They attacked the resolution presented by the committee as be- ing worse than no resolution at all. It is a mildly worded state- ment which calls for "a spirit of fair play, good will and respect for law," and for an approach of "intelligence, saneness and rea- sonableness." DISCUSSES TRIP--President Dwight D. Eisenhower told the nation last night through radio and television networks that he would take another tour of foreign countries if he thought it necessary. PETITIONS INVALID: , Board Declines Keyes' Bid for Place on Ballot LANSING (IP)-The State Board of Canvassers yesterday refused to certify Dr. Eugene Keyes, former Republican Lieutenant Governor, as a Democratic candidate for the same office. Keyes said he would look to the State Supreme Court to give him a place on the ballot. The bi-partisan board, which certified all other candidates, said the Dearborn physician-attorney-dentist needed at least 542 additional valid signatures to qualify. A minimum 12,708 are required. The board asked the Attorney General's office to investigate petitions carrying 1,805 signatures for possible forgeries""double sign- ings and other irregularities. Un-K less the Supreme Court intervenes' the decision cut the field in the P t t o t r o uh MajPe titioners D em ocratic race for the nom ina-ti n t fo r Th o he s a e R p ^/ tion to four. The others are Rep.! T. John Lesinski of Hamtramck,. WyeWilliam J. Coughlin, Assistant eaO Wayne County Prosecutor; Rich- ard Vander Veen, Grand -Rapids attorney, and George H. Dough- The petition drive to place the erty, Flint union leaderconstitutional convention question Key Flitionedecr on the November ballot passed the Keyes petitioned the court last 200,000 signature mark last week, week for an order directing Sec. just two weeks before the July 8 of State James M. Hare, the adline. state's top elections official, to .Te1 raiatoswrigo certfy hm asa cadidae * The 15 organizations working on certify him as a candidate. this drive must obtain at least He also asked that certification 13,218 more names in order to of his four rivals be withheld un- place the proposal on the ballot. til their nominating petitions were Donald M. Oakes, executive subjected to close inspection. director of Citizens for Michigan, At the outset of its four-hour which is acting as a coordinating meeting, the board accepted 11,433 agency for the various groups, said of the nearly 16,000 signatures that the activities of the petitions Keyes submitted. To this total, it workers have been sharply ac- added another 733 which were celerated as the deadline ap- doubtful. proaches. Walkou Ends Hope Of Slowing Arms Race All-Western Rump Questions Legality; _ Assesses Damages - GENEVA W) - The Soviet-led Communist bloc walked out of the 10-nation disarmament talks yes- terday in a tumult of shouted Western charges of hooliganism and scandal. The walkout stamped a finish to, the hopes of slowing down the arms and nuclear weapons racek for the present. An all-Western rump conference, continued to sit after the walkout to assess the damage. Contend Adjournment The five Western delegates con- tend the adjournment of the con- ference by the day's chairman, Polish Deputy Foreign Minister Marian Naszkowski, while they were vainly clamoring for the floor was illegal. But their decision to meet again today on the slim hope that the. Reds would show up was mainly reminiscent of the Western sum- mit leaders' wait in Paris in mid- May for Soviet Premier Nikita, Khrushchev to come around after his lashing at President Dwight D. Eisenhower. A Communist source said the continued sitting by Britain, France, the United States, Italy and Canada was utterly ludicrous. Justify Walkout Naszkowskl called on his four Communist colleagues one by one, and then spoke himself, to justify the walkout. The record then went like this: "Naszkowski: 'That was my statement in my capacity as rep- resentative of Poland. Now, as chairman, I should like to say that, after the statements made by the representatives of the five Socialist (Communist) states, the work of the10-nation committees is now discontinued, and it ,is quite clear that the role of the chairman has been exhausted." The representatives of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Rumania and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics started to withdraw from the meeting. Jules Moch (France) : "I ask for the floor. I ask that this meeting continue and the next represen- tative in alphabetical order should take the chair. Mr. Ormsby-Gore, please take the chair. The meeting is going on. This is a scandal. It is hooliganism. What a shameful performance." Watt Warns Of Impatience For Solution Dr. James Watt, M.D., special assistant on aging to the Secre- tary of Health, Education and Welfare, warned in the keynote speech at the 13th annual Con- ference on Aging, that "Public opinion is now getting impatient". for action on the problem. "If the proper people do not take the proper action soon on some of our aging probems then improvised and unsound measure will be'taken," Dr. Watts said. He pointed out that 19 states have held meetings preparatory to the 1961 White House confer- ence on aging, and 34 more ses- sions are scheduled for the sum- mherHothat by the ,time te n White House conference con- venes in January, "State programs will already have been adopted, and each state will very likely carry out its own program to meet its own needs." "Well thought out extensions of industrial medicine programs would increase the scope of the family physician's work and re- sult in improved use of his time," according to Prof. Fred Slavik of Cornell University, Srown, Meyner Refuse Kennedy Support GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, Mont. (RP)--The California and New Jersey governors refused yesterday to fBing any immediate sup- port to Sen. John F. Kennedy's attempt to cinch the presidential nomination before the Democratic National Convention begins. But they are going to meet today with the uncommitted governors of two other states-Kansas and Iowa-for a favorite sons political seance. Governors Meet The session will bring together Edmund G. (Pat) Brown of California, Robert B. Meyner of New Jersey, George Docking of Kansas and Herschel C. Loveless of Iowa. This is a key quartet. Among them, these governors will lead to the Democratic convention at Los Angeles next month delegations with 169 of the 761 votes needed to swing the presidential nomination. Supporters of Kennedy contend the Massachusetts senator al- ready has more than 700 votes in sight. But that includes some they are counting already from the four uncommitted states. Disclaim Tactics There were plenty of disclaimers that the favorite son huddle is a stop Kennedy tactic. They came quickly from Loveless and Meyner, as well as from Gov. Abraham A. Ribicoff of Connecticut, who is a Kenn ,n of longtanding.