Seventieth Year r - -4 EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSrY OF MICHIGAN "When Opinions Are PY UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS r Will M STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MicH. * Phone No 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. Value Stimulation Needed for Studen (Continued from Page 1) AY, AUGUST 5, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS U.S. Student Political Voice Retains Purity, Adds Volume IT IS CHARACTERISTIC in democracies such as this one to enjoy a more flexible form of government than most others. The people who make our laws are neither born to their positions nor do they, collectively, of- ten last several consecutive years in them. The lead can be taken by almost any group with intelligent leadership and a following of respectable size. There are remarkably few tra- ditionally-imposed limitations on qualifica- tions for either governmentally sanctioned positions or informal organizing with com- mon purpose. Students from 40 American colleges and universities are planning a nation-wide peace 'EquaTime' No Equalizer M ERE IS A SERIOUS need that the Fed- eral Communications Commission and the Congress give immediate consideration to making revisions in section 314 of the broad- cast law. In this election year, it is unfortunate that this "equal time" provision is a major factor in keeping the presentation of vital issues off the air waves. Radio and television are, at this time, the average citizens' main line of communication for learning of opinions upon which to base their voting; keeping networks and independ- ent stations bound under section 315 makes it virtually impossible for air time to be de- voted to presidential (and other) candidates with a legitimate chance of winning, without the risk of grave financial loss from resultant demands for time from splinter groups with "candidates" to offer. At the same time, of course, it is quite nec- essary to protect the rights of minority groups seeking to voice their views. However, the pro- visions of 315 explode these rights into an ab- surd opportunity for almost any crackpot to harass broadcasters into giving him a pass to millions of American living rooms. JACK PARR WAS a recent victim. After chatting with Senator Jack Kennedy for about forty-five minutes, an FCC ruling based on section 315 forced him to give America- firster Lar Daly access to NBC microphones and cameras for an equal amount of $9000-a- minute air time. It might be pointed out that there are about seventeen other third "parties" entitled to time. All they need do is request it. This could mean a cost of $8,885,000 to NBC. The only way to avoid this potential cost is to not invite major candidates to use air time. This situation is keeping a thorough presen- tation of issues offthe air. -KM vigil today, the fifteenth anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima. FURTHERMORE, AS DAILY Editor Hayden reports from San Francisco, "planners of the nation-wide demonstration hope to create an international effect, so that the American delegation to the forth-coming 63-nation In- ternational Student Conference in Geneva will be able to point to widespread sympathy for disarmament among American students." Hayden goes on to relate several other stu- dent projects sponsored by members of the National Student Association, the University of California political party slate and inform- al groups. Among them are national political conferences and workshops, a planned liberal student communications network intended to bring immediate news of any violations of students' rights on campuses, and further pressure against the House Un-American Ac- tivities Committee. THE UNIQUE POSITION of the student in society equips him for intelligent politi- cal action on a scale yet to be appreciated by him or anyone else. His constant communica- tion with other students, his youth, and the sheer numbers of his colleagues afford a po- tential strength possibly equal to that of any other single interest group. His intellectual skill and the lack of pressures accrued along with the economic responsibility he has prdb- ably not yet shouldered make it possible for him to bring a relatively idealistic and un- bigoted attitude to issues which can and per- haps should be made political, as well as soc- ial and moral. There are also disadvantages common to students, such as lack of experience in politi- cal maneuvering and a myopic and uncompro- mising attitude which antagonizes the oppo- sition and the public alike, but these can be at least partially overcome through the prac- tice students are likely to get in the future. AMERICANS SEEM TO BE tardy compared to other students in this respect. Student opinion in Asia, South America and Europe is a feared and respected factor in national politics. However, as recent developments show, American students individually, nationally, and as world citizens are beginning to realize their capacity and responsibilities to serve themselves and their posterity. With dedication, foresight, and continued clear intellectual consideration of the obvious problems of the age, they can overcome the influence of the inflexible attitudes cherish- ed so commonly in a country run by old men, and help avoid the disaster which only re- cently has become a possible result of such mismanagement. --ANDREW HAWLEY conscious commitment on the other. Examples of the first sort are exerywhere. I recall, for instance, talking to a girl who was on the verge of graduation from the Uni- versity of Michigan. When asked what she though had been most -valuable in her educational ex- perience, the girl replied: "the experience of meeting so many different kinds of people and be- coming aware of all the differ- ent viewpoints there are". Her answer, I think, is typical on colloge campuses and seems to be the twentieth-century product of the celebrated system of liberal or general education. What is remarkable about the statement is its apparent en- thusiasm without deep involve- ment. The girl had become aware of something, but her life had not been changed. She had become conscious of the living world of people and ideas but made no ex- istential committment to either. She may have met, for example, oriental women in her dormitory and agnostic literature in the classroom but undergone no pro- foundsattitudinal change in the process She is ,enlightened some- what, but not changed in the bas- ic sentiments she held upon en- tering college. WHILE THE MAJORITY of students share this uncommitted consciousness of their environ- ment, there exists in contrast the fervent minority who are dis- tinguishable by committment as well as awareness. This type has not only become aware of the breadth and com- plexity of persons and ideas, but has also become intensely attach- ed to a specific position. In many cases this student has been so potently influenced by a particu- lar value climate that his personal attitudes have been severely re- versed. He has made a decision demanding guts. David Riesman has suggested an important distinction between these student types which brings up the question of student politi- cal action directly. He writes that many students can't feel it is worth making a fuss, let alone a serious pro- test, to reduce the number of courses in which attendance is taken, or in other seemingly small ways to have themselves treated as being no longer in high school. Their rebellion takes the rateher muted and unconscious forms in which dissatisfaction shows up in withdrawal of some allegiance to one's work and eventually to one s self. It takes the form of concluding that since one can't make any great difference in one's environment, indifference to that environment is the best protection. - - - CLEARLY, THE student Ries- man describes is beset by an image of society as an all-power- ful, impossible-to-alter, mechani- cal creature. The conscientious but uncommitted student with- draws from the complexities and dangers of the social scene. He prefers personal to social values. According to Einstein ,the indi- vidual does not experience his dependence on society as a positive asset, as an organic tie, as a protective force, but rather as a threat to his natur- al rights . , his position in so- ciety is such that the egotistical drives of his makeup are con- stantly being accentuated while his social drives, which are by nature weaker, progressively deteriorate ' The majority of students pre- fer security to the uncertainties of adventure. This is called "play- ing it cool". But the current student politi- cal movement, everyone will agree, is "not playing it cool". On the contrary, the minority is quite willing to make a fuss, on the assumption that social change can be effected. Theirs is the image of a society which is power- ful, but nontheless malleable, **. * sit-ins, the San Francisco demon- stration and every other active protest of the last year. All are risky, shoot-for-the-moon affairs, based not on personal security desires but on a willingness to deal with the uncertain. With these distinctions in mind, the student movement can better assess its current position and hopes for the future. One of its most serious taks should by now be clear: the in- creased development of the type of human committment which de- clares that society is malleable. In this attempt, much failure is certain, since never in history has a whole society been deeply moved to social action, * * * SUCCESS IN involving more students, I believe, will most often be the results of creating a po- tent personally-stimulating value climate. Such a climate is not. characteristic of theeordinary university, but there is no reason why intense subclimates cannot be effectively built within a uni- versity community. The subclimate necessary to bring students to social committ- ment can be generated by a stu- dent political party, or even by a great teacher in a classroom. Unfortunately there are few of either. More unfortunately, university administrations and faculties also, I might add, have inhibited student development in two major ways: 1) By failing to instill in stu- dents the sense of a driving uni- versity spirit and purpose. 2) By discouraging and some- times punishing students who practice 'public non-conformity which allegedly damages the uni- versity's all-important image. All the student activist can do on this front is continue his rais- ing of public issues; in hope that eventully bring him a firmer and more tolerated position. The im- portance of appearing responsible cannot, be underestimated here. * * * WHAT GROUPS should the 'tudent liberal-activist concen- trate oni n his attempt to success- fully attract others to his posit- ion? I have so far distinguished two broad student groups in terms of committment and non- committment to radical social change. There exists a sub-group of students who favor such change in the status quo but are not quite willing to be members of the so-called "avant-garde". The job of the "avant-garde" is to bring these marginals further into alignment. In many cases this requires only the persuasion that the stu- dent movement is neither beat- nik nor communistic. In other cases it requires only the per- suasion that the movement can succeed; many students are al- most willing to try, but still not sure their voice means anything. Such students are present in great numbers; they are charac- terized sometimes as having "ten- sion beneath apathy". I believe they are now on the bring of committment. THE MATTER OF expression is of great importance. Not only should more students be brought into the movement, but so also should members of the high school and young adult communi- ties (this possibility is already be- ing explored by some). In other words the student movement should not only be crusading for social causes, but it must also be evangelical, that is, it must at- tract converts. If the converts are attracted, and if resentment of the student liberal position can be diminish- ed, two vital goals will have been achieved:; First, a leadership role will be established for the student ac- tivists. At present too much con- troversy within the student com- munity itself surrounds their po- sition. For example, it is easy to recall sharp debates within many student councils over the advis- ability of supporting student picketing. As the movement at- tracts more members, anid more important, as it gains respect, a leadership position may evolve more clearly. And in this society, progress has been the product of the efforts of committed minori- ties who, although slightly alien- ated, were capable of leading their contemporaries. Second, a more general goal: by showing others that the student can manage his environment, there will emerge a certain ra- tional confidence in the student's ability to do the same thing after college. The students who picket today will be thinking of seats in state and national legislatures within five years. * * * THAT WE DEVELOP a sense of self-determination in the American student is the real point I have been indirectly stressing. The spirit of self-de- termination in America receded wtih the frontier. It has bowed to the vast industrial and organi- HYDE PARK--Even on thi Diag, students are expressing, me freely and more frequently, their views of our society. Soap b orators and intensely involved protesters speak their minds befc crowds that mingle "spectators" with followers of student moi ments. zational expansion of the last 75 years. As a result, the majority of students feel helpless to chart their society's direction. The pur- pose of the student movem then, is at once simple and found: to prove 'human b are still the measure. Hopei this will be proven. AT THE MICHIGAN: Hitchcock's 'Psycho' HorrifyIng AS IF IN RETURN FOR all the acclaim the French have given during the past year, Alfred Hitchcock has made use of sev particularly French techniques in the making of his newsusp film, "Psycho", now at the Michigan,' The peculiar handling of nudity, dead bodies and eroticism c mon to French directors of comparable films has been added to Hi cock's own slow, quietly subtle pacing, and together these elemn ALBATROSS-STUDENT MAGAZINE: To Communicate spirit of Action MAX L ERNnERrod NxonE an Lod g By BLAKE SMITH Swarthmore College BETWEEN OUR country's cam- puses, each no longer ignoring, now separately aroused by presi- dential and congressional politics, the sit-down movement, civil rights, and our international de- cisions, there is no ordered com- munication to intensify student campaigns of protest or demand. Feeling his efforts pointless until this year, the collegian has shrug- ged from his shoulders the worry of citizenship, turned playboy or quiet scholar, and ignored his campus editor and older battle horses, who challenged that he, at the age of vision and energy, should lead the public eyes to new, justice and new captains. AMERICAN GHANDIISM, pas- sive insistence-these labels, though they stick to the picture, do not explain it. Like the Indians, southern objectors have offered their bodies to fill the Jails, and in that sacrifice of freedom have often included their education. Some reform inciting every mind, some long-brewing bitter- ness, has combined with the hope and idealist's disregard which, whatever one's age, can only be held if young. But there always have been such dreamers, the dis- satisfied contenders-why in these recent years alone has the power of objection solidified from that of the waves to the force of a rac- ing glacier? Mass action is not 'creation or revolution, it is mass communica- tion. Though mass action may well explode to violence, as in the East German and Hungarian strikes, or evolve to aid, as in the workcamps of the Quakers or in the projects for local integrated housing helped by many picket groups, to the pure demonstrator, the picketer or snake dancer of the streets, the only necessary battle is symbolic. Demonstration does not build or tear apart, and where it stones an embassy or lynches, destruction or resistance are sym- bolic, not more than a shock wave of psychology, a signal to the press and organs of public formation. BUT THE PRESENT channels are erratic, sometimes damming, sometimes flooding information; only the obstreperous and often least worthy demonstrations, as Little Rock, surmount the entrance to the news. the full grown, nonconforming plant, and not the mutant seed, but only by the nourishment of press can that germ burst from its case and flourish. Organizations like CORE now publish sit-in bulletins reporting the spread and impact of their movement; however, these and other bulletins, like that of the American Civil Liberties Union, are not directed at the student of Oberlin or UCLA, who would find their subject narrow or himself an outsider. * * * THE ALBATROSS would meet two of the major needs of the stu- dent movement: heavf pressure on specific wrongs, and circulation of fresh ideas and information. Be- cause student groups apply the time-tried tenet of Samuel Gom- pers-concentrate and win and then move on--they have focused enough persuasion to integrate southern counters' and eject from office Kishi, Rhee, and Menderes. Not that the Albatross should specialize; it then would lose its broader interest and purpose, to speak for incipient causes and prove the moment of those neg- lected. * * * IF MANY DEPEND on the Al- batross for facts and inspiration, in a time of turbulence what will restrain the magazine from the coup of the Zengakuren, a radical minority that seized control of the communications and direction of the Tokyo student riots? American students are more sedate, but still on every reader would fall the in- fluence of those wings. He who can sow or suffocate a spark can ig- nite and direct the barrage. There is only one control, and that is debate. If letters of differ- ent opinion are submitted, and a few of excellent standard, those shall be printed. The viable demo- cratic faith is not that the people leadeM, produce small-screen, black-ar white entertainment macal enough to rival and equal that "Diabolique". * * * LITTLE OF THE sequence events in "Psycho" can be tc without telling too much: suff it to say that when Marion Cra (Janet Leigh) steals $40,000 fr her employer in Arizona a heads west to meet her loi Sam (John Gavin), she does expect to stop in an out-of-tl way California motel run by N( man Bates (Anthony Perkins) nor does she expect to be butt ered in the shower. Actually, the fun begins w the titles and is heighter throughout by an effective mu cal score, occasionally unust contrasts of light and dark, vi ied use of sound filters, and cai era angles that are striking if r new. Moreover, Hitchcock has tl time set out to be terrifying rat er than merely amusingly gru some. As a result, the plot is qu straightforward and uncom; cated - and, as usual, the fil goer who fails to figure out t solution for himself cannot blar Hitchcock, for the clues are w laid. THE ONLY SERIOUS f a' in the film lies with the last I minutes, when a peculiarly obno ious psychiatrist "explains it a to those dullwits who, like t sheriff, didn't quite grasp wi had happened. But then perha Hitchcock is also having fun the expense of psychiatrists; it hard to tell. -Vernon Nahrgal THE CAMPAIGN which is now beginning will be waged at many levels both above and under the ground. Mr. Nixon's choice of Am- bassador Lodge was made, it is apparent, in the belief that in the upper and open levels of the campaigning foreign affairs are the main con- cern of the country and the main subject, which can be mentioned, by which votes can be won or lost Mr. Nixon's choice means not only that he expects foreign affairs to be the main subjects of the open and visible arguments. It means also that he does not expect to talk very much or very emphatically about the internal prob- lems of this country. Rockefeller would have done that. Nixon cannot do it. This is not be- cause the two men are very far apart in what they think ought to be done. We can see that from Nixon's St. Louis speech and from the Nixon-Rockefeller contact last week. Where they do differ is that Rockefeller be- lieves in a fiscal policy which will pay for what needs to be done while Nixon is tied to the essentially deflationary fiscal policy of Ei- senhower. Without a break with this policy, Nixon is in a very poor position to contest with the Democrats in the field of public needs, be- ginning with defense, going on to education, and coming to all the aims announced by Mr. Nixon in his St. Louis speech. NIXON'S fundamental handicap is that he is tied to a rate of growth which is too small for our expanding population and for our ex-. panding world responsibilities and domestic needs. Because of this, he is under a great han- dicap even in the field of foreign affairs. For the issue there is how the balance of national stability is to be preserved-without producing a lot more wealth to pr6vide the extra revenue. Inhibited from dealing with the real issue in foreign affairs - which is what Rockefeller wanted to do-Nixon is concentrating on the question of who has the greater experience in foreign affairs, and particularly in debating with the Russians. It is, of course, a perfectly good question to raise in a campaign. CONSIDER, for example, Nixon's celebrated arguments with Khrushchev in the kitchen exhibit at the American Exposition in Moscow. Nixon had the better of the argument. Indeed he won it. And what were the results of win- ning this argument and all the other arguments we have won. Has the frontier of freedom ad- vanced one inch? Has the empire of tyranny receded at all? In the year that has passed since Nixon stood up to Khrushchev in Moscow and since Lodgetwon his debate in New York our position in the Far East has deteriorated seriously and our position in Cuba and in Latin America has certainly not improved. WHAT DOES all this show? It shows that the job of dealing with the international Com- munists is not the job of arguing with the Rus- sians, whether at the Exposition in Moscow or at the Security Council in New York. The Rus- sians are for all practical purposes impervious to argument, especially to public argument. Their calculations, which are often far from accurate, are not in terms of words or ,prin- ciples or ideals, Their calculations are made in terms of power-in terms of missiles and tanks, and Sputniks. Nixon won his debate. Lodge has, so he tells us, won all of his debates. But nev- ertheloesth enmmunist influence is avnand_ SUCH IS THE BASIS for the .. .... . .. ... .. . . .. :, .n . .. .;~t.. i :.- ... . . . i i ' ..!%- v: i. ., . .:'.. : . :i'Y..{ ,q ..S .:'. ;. v.: . : :- z: Wi:.; .}N'.': ; . :', \:::.. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN .'.'.. %'.V ,{r . ..W.. '".{ r rr..',. . . . . The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent In TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. two days preced- ing publication. SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1960 VOL. LXX, NO 34S General Notices Recommendations for Departmental Honors: Teaching departments wishing to recommend tentative August grad- defer the student's graduation until a later date. Recitals Student Recital: Robert Bruce Camp- bell will present a recital in Aud. A Angell Hall on Mon., Aug. 8, at 8:30 p. m. in partial fulfillment of the re- quirements for the degree of Master of Music (Wind Instruments), Campbell has included in his program composi- tions by Telemann, Handel, Scott, Mi- halovici, and Vernon. Open to the pub- lic. NStudent Recital: David McBride will present a recital in Hill Aud. on Sun.; Am ,, a 4.1Rnm-i a ..ttl f,. 1 gell Hall in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Musical Arts. The chairman of his com- mittee is Benning Dexter. Collins has included in his program compositions by Purcell, Chopin, Ravel and Beet- hoven. Open to the public. Lectures University Lecture: Andreas Tietze, Prof. of Turkish Language and Liter- ature, Near Eastern Center, University of California, Los Angeles, will speak on "The Problem of Continuity in Tur- kish Literature" on Mon., Aug 8 at 8:00 p.m. in Rackham Amphitheater. A 's " 1T _ Males)", Sat., Aug. 6, 1611 Haven Hall, at 9:00 a.m. Chairman, H. V. King. Placement Notices The following schools have listed teaching vacancies for the 1980-61 school year. Addison, Mich-Biol/Gen. Sci/Chem., Jr. H.S. Eng., Elem. (3). Bellevue, Mich.-Jr. HS English/His- tory. Caro, Mich-English, Choir Dallas, Texas-Mathematics Dexter, Mch.-Elementary, Elem. Phys. Educ. Edwardsburg, Mich.--Math. Fennvlle, Mich.-Spec. Educ. (Educ. Ment. Ret.), English. Sales Department of the Corn Refini Division. Chemical Engineering Chemistry backgrounds. American Steel Foundries, Chical Ill. Announces the need for an engt eering graduate who wishes to ent the field of patent law. General Electric Co., Flight Propt sion Div., Cincinnati, 0., is looking f a Plasma Acceleration Specialist; wi experience in the field of gasdynan flow, preferably with supersonic p1 nomena, Experience in fluid dynar ics, magnetic phenomena, plasma phy ics or vacuum technology would helpful. Also positions in Arc and R fractory Materials and Electrical. E gineering. Work at the doctoral le' would be desirable, but they will co sider a Master of Science or the equ