mer canStumenm (EDITOR'S NOTE: Following is the text of a working paper presented by Daily Editor Thomas Hayden to a conference on Student Politics held last weekend near Monterery, Calif. By TOM HAYDEN In the tumultous midst of the so-called "student movement" there is a tendency for students to behave like outwardly-pro- pelled particles within a subculture directed by vast, impersonal forces. Many individuals do not fully understand the issues with which they are so emotionally involved. Further, they often fail to understand the nature of their erupting generation. This lack of coherence, often leading to a lack of direction, can be dangerous to the future of the student movement, and for this reason one should persistently attempt the clarification of im- portant issues and their surrounding emotional currents. A fundamental question which is frequently blurred and sometimes overlooked is that of the student personality types involved in campus interaction. The current political excitement on many campuses is a product, I believe, of distinct clashes be- tween student types. Such a class is vitally important to explore and under- stand since it enables one to look more fruitfully for answers to such related questions as: 1) Is the active political minority fated to remain a minohi- ty, or can they overcome their differences with opposing ele- ments and exercise greater influence? Requires Value Stimulation 2) How can the active minority alter the world-image of the inactive majority? 3) How can the active minority best assume a leadership po- sition in society? In short, I believe all the important concrete considerations of this conference -- the creation of political parties, the de- velopment of political techniques, etc. - can be more fully under- stood if the abstract question of student types is more fully understood. Out of the broad mass of American students, two very gen- eral types are pertinent for this discussion. One group may be characterized loosely as being disinterested in militant student action, more interested in development of a private welfare than a public one, likewise emotionally and intellectually committed to personal rather than social goals, willing to compromise for long-run gain, more pragmatic than idealistic. They are in the majority position. The minority holds an inverse set of values, belief in social action on the student (and every other) level, desire to work toward significant changes in the status quo, deep emotional and intellectual commitment to action, and maintenance of an uncompromising idealism. The fundamental student personality difference here is be- tween an awareness without involvement on the one hand, and See VALUES, Page 2 STUDENT PROTESTERS-This spring, University students protested allegedly discriminatory prac- tices by a local shop, and some were carted off to Jail for their efforts. The student movement meets resistence, but its participants remain determined and vocal. DETERMINATION ... and social action U.S. STUDENTS RAISE VOICES Y Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom ~Iaztp CLOUDY High-$3 .- Low--64 Little change in temperature, winds light and variable See Page 2 L. LXX. No. 34S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1960 FIVE CENTS FOUR PAGES khrushchev Kills Chance For Pre-Election Summit Soviet Leader Sends Letter To Macmillan MOSCOW (P) -Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev said yesterday it seems "impossible to envisage" a new summit conference in ad- vance of U.S. Presidential elec- tions in November. But he hinted he might ask for one thereafter. The Soviet leader told British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in a letter he would like to dis- cuss "basic issues of our time," such as divided Germany and Berlinnn, disarmament, a nuclear weapons ban and other cold war issues. "If the Soviet government does not meet with understanding later, and if obstacles to agreement on these questions are put up, we shall conclude a peace treaty with' the (Communist East) German Democratic Republic." (Khrushchev's statement that a summit meeting before November seemed impossible appeared to conflict with the latest Soviet pol- icy gesture calling for a meeting of the heads of government of all 82 members of the United Na- tions when the world organization opens its session in September. The idea has been received with extreme coolness in the U.S.) Khrushchev repeated other warnings, too, in characteristically blunt terms. Among these was a renewed threat to take "necessary" measures against the territory of Student Denies Soviet Spy in Salt Lake City, Aug. 5 (AP)- An American exchange student today categorically denied1 charges by a Moscow newspaper that he was expelled from the Soviet Union for espionage. The student, Edwin B. Morrell, 31, of Salt Lake City, said he would decide whether to make specific answers to the charges when he sees the original story# as carried in the newspaper Trud. The U.S. Embassy in Moscow said the paper's charges were "news to us," but it was true Morrell had been asked to leave UNC For Russia Asks Total Congo Withdrawal MOSCOW (P)--The Soviet gov- ernment yesterday called for re- moval of the UN Congo command unless all Belgian troops are pulled out of the Congo--includ- ing Katanga province. It termed "very alarming the behavior of the UN forces command." The Soviets also declared that if present UN forces in the Congo do not bring about withdrawal of Belgian troops, soldiers should beF sent to the Congo from "countries which would be ready to contrib- ute to the implementation of this just act." The Soviet government declara- tion, distributed by the official news agency Tass, said the situa- tion in the Congo is "absolutely intolerable." it called Belgian sol- diers in the Congo "intervention- ist troops" and referred again to "aggression" it said had been launched against the Congo. The "token withdrawal of an insignificant part of the interven- tionist troops, now underway, is a maneuver calculated to soothe and mislead public opinion," the state- ment said. It also declared the authority of the UN is being un- dermined. Declaring that the Soviet Union is for strict and effective measures to ensure the early fulfillmentof Security Council decisions on the Congo, Tass said the USSR pro- posed: "To evacuate in the shortest possible time all the Belgian troops from the territory of the Republic of the Congo, not hesitatingto use any means to bring this about." "If the present command of the troops continues refusing to abide by the Security Council decisions, it should be removed." , ancels Troops secessiornst Katang~a Bound CAMPAIGN SPEECHES BEGIN: Kennedy Links Rights, Africa HINTS AT DISCUSSION-Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev suggested the possibility of a summit meeting in a letter to British Prime Minister Harold MacMillan, but added that such a meeting could not take place before the U.S. Presidential election in November. This statement conflicts with the recent Soviet call for a heads of government meeting when the United By The Associated Press y NEW YORK - Senator John F. Kennedy, starting his first presi- dential campaign trip yesterday linked civil rights with U.S.-Afri- can relations and stressed foreign policy. He told an overflow crowd of foreign language and national group newspapermen at the Over- seas Press Club that "if we move ahead in civil rights and provide equal opportunity for all Ameri- cans," it will help relations with African countries. When U.S. Negroes get "full and fair and equal treatment," he said, it will help in dealings with Africa. Kennedy also pledged a con- Rockefeller Notes Uniy ALBANY, N.Y. (R) - The plat- form fight at the Republican National Convention and the re- sulting unity dispelled the "pes- simism" that gripped the GOP after the Democrats selected the Kenedy- Johnson ticket, Gov. Rockefeller said today. Winding up a campaign-organ-' izing tour in the state, Rockefeller said the election picture was "very encouraging." "I don't know when I have seen as much unity in our party as I have in the last four days," the Governor told a news conference. New York state Republicans had been divided when Rockefeller was contesting Vice - President Richard M. Nixon for the party's Presidential nomination. The Gov- ernor came out for Nixon during the convention. tinuing drive to bring freedom to peoples behind the Iron Curtain. He said freedom for the captive peoples is "unfinished business be- fore the bar of world opinion." Newsmen whose papers are aimed at Latin American, Euro- pean and Middle Eastern p oples in the eastern United States ues- tioned Kennedy in rapid-fire fash- ion on his views on foreign affairs. Liberal Trade The 43 - year - old Democraticj Senator called for more liberal trade policies to help Eastern Eu- ropean nations toward freedom. Kennedy said U.S. ambassadors abroad never should be chosen "in the future on the basis of political contributions." He said knowledge of the language in the area served is essential. Nixon Policy Vice - President Nixon also stressed foreign policy in his cam- paign warmup in Hawaii, which ended yesterday. "It is essential," the Vice-Presi- dent said, "that the President di-' rectly assume control and com-' mand of the non-military aspects of the world struggle." Nixon carried this theme through his farewell speech before an au- dience of 7,500 at a giant rally that wound up a two-day cam- paign tour of Hawaii. But he expressed in detail each time that he did not feel his pro- posals involved criticism of the way President Eisenhower has conducted the nation's foreign policy during his 7% years in office. The world situation has grown more acute, Nixon said, and the coming five years will be increas- ingly more critical than the Eisen- hower years have been. Direct Control The foreign policy issue became more specific last night when Nixon was asked whether he would take a more direct control of foreignpolicy than had President Eisenhower. "The answer to that question," Nixon said - and there was a pause-"is yes." Nixon said the non-military as- pects of foreign policy included the various exchange programs, "political warfare" and foreign aid. Council Sets Emer gency Conferenee Hammarskjold Says He Cannot Risk Lives LEOPOLDVILLE, The Congo (J' -Faced with a threat of blood- shed, the United Nations yesterday suddenly called off plans to send UN troops into secessionist Ka- tanga province. UN Secretary General Dag Ha - marskjold made the hard decision and called an urgent meeting of the Security Council on the tur- bulent Congo situation. The Coun- cil will meet at 8 p.m. Sunday in New York. Hammarskjold was flying back to New York tonight aboard a special UN plane to attend the Council session. The cancellation of the plan to move a UN force into Katanga to- morrow came in a day of swiftly moving developments. Party Barred A 20-man UN advance party was barred from leaving its plane in Elisabethville, the Katanga capital. The group had been sched- uled to prepare the way for UN troops to move in at dawn today. Instead the UN party returned here, accompanied by Undersecre-. tary Ralph J. Bunche, who had rushed to Elisabethville Wednes- day to confer with leaders of the province on the withdrawal of Belgian troops and their replace- ment by a UN force. On his return here, Bunche went immediately into a conference with Hammarskjold. The announcement that UN troops would not be dis- patched to Katanga today came two hours later. UN officials said that during his stay in Elisabethville Bunche had Nations opens this September. any nation serving as a base for U.S. Intelligence aviation. Khrushchev reserved his sharp- est words for the U.S. plane inci- dents and Britain's position con- cerning them. He accused the U.S. of having planned the U2 inci- dent in May and the RB47 inci- dent deliberately to provoke and humiliate the Soviet Union. He added: "We will shoot down ag- gressor aircraft and take meas- ures against those bases and those countries from whose territory these aggressive flights against our country are made." He also expressed annoyance with British support of the Ameri- can contention that Khrushchev wrecked the mid-May summit meeting in Paris before it could get started. Pair Found Radioactive Two students inadvertantly touched off a campus-wide radi- ation alert Thursday. Jacob I. Trombka, Grad., and Frederick R. Channon, Grad., were using highly sensitive detec- tion equipment in the physics signsiof when they picked up signs ofradioactive cesium salt in the room. Traces of the salt were found on both men .by health physicists Richard C. Nevill and John Jones, but the exposure was not harmful. Employes Have Defected, Defense Agency Presumes WASHINGTON (M)-The defense department acknowledged yes- terday that it is likely two missing employees of a top secret communi- cations agency have gone behind the Iron Curtain. The men involved in what may be a defection to the Commu- nists are Bernon F. Mitchell, 31, and William H. Martin, 29, who were employed at Ft. Meade, Md., by the super-secret National Security Agency before they vanished June 24. Both were listed as- mathematical analysts for NSA which is devoted largely to monitoring radio signals and messages on an around-the-clock basis. Presumably a major part of its work is com- OPERA CALLED DIFFICULT: Stagng Techniques Enhance 'Giovanni'] munications intelligence which would include breaking of secret codes of other nations. Mathe- matics plays an important part in code-breaking. orrell said he attended Mos- State University for 10 ths to make a political and study of Soviet trade un- He intended to write a doe- thesis. e embassy said Morrell had program approved before he for Russia. Morrell said hie told by the Soviet ministry of er education that he was be- expelled on recommendation is Soviet advisor for not ful- g his study plans. one of the charges mention- ow were brought up at that " Morrell said. "The minis- enied me the opportunitv to The audience at last night's performance of "Don Giovanni" was treated to a dazzling display of staging techniques designed by Ralph Duckwall Jr. of the speech department. Since Sunday the stage crew has been working in Lydia Mendels- sohn Theatre to prepare the scenes for the opera which has been called both the greatest ever composed and the most difficult to stage. A colorful curtain called a traveller is used to separate the front of the stage from the back during scene changes. In front of the traveller are the balconies and benches which are permanent through- out the performance, as is the platform, at the back of the stage. Behind the traveller are the four major arch units which are raised and lowered by ropes to provide the ten scene changes called for by the opera. However, indannouncing the possibility of defection, the De- fense Department in a written statement said the investigation of the disappearance "indicates that information in their posses- sion if revealed could be in no way prejudicial to the security of United States communications." The Pentagon added that neither man had "access to classified in- formation about "American weap- ons or defense plans." It confirmed earlier reports that the two young men, bache- lors and friends of years' stand- ing, had been traced first to Mexico City an dthen to Cuba. RALPH BUNCHE ... back to UN , .,}...sue..,.... ol