THE CONGO:
LESSON TO WEST
L
Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom
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VOL. LXX, No. 22S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 20, 1960 FIVE CENTS
EIGHT PAGES
OAS Gets Cuban Dispute
UN Rejects
Soviets' Wish
After Debate
tUNITED NATIONS (WP - The
Security Council yesterday re-
jected Soviet protests and tossed
Cuba's quarrel with ,the United
States over to the Organization of
American States.
The decision came after two days
of United States - Soviet debate
marked by a torrid last-minute
exchange in which the two big
powers warned each other to keep
hands off Prime Minister Fidel
Castro's revolutionary regime.
"Don't touch Cuba," was the
Soviet warning.
"Don't touch us. Don't seek to
extend Communist imperialism,"
was the United States reply.
Approve Resolution
By a vote of 9 to 0 with 2 ab-
stentions the 11-nation Council
approved an Argentine-Ecuadorean
r resolution to halt action on the
Cuban complaint until the 21-
nation Organization of American
States (OAS) reports back on its
efforts to resolve the United
States-Cuban dispute.
Only the Soviet Union and Po-
land abstained on the resolution,
which also urged all countries to
refrain from any action that
might aggravate United States-
Cuban tensions.
Soviet-proposed amendments to
delete any mention of OAS in the
resolution were turned down with
only the Soviet Union and Poland
in favor. Tunisia abstained.
Cuba announced it accepted the
decision of the Council, but would
have preferred a condemnation of
the United States. Cuba charged
that Washington was committing
economic aggression against her.
Soviet delegate Arkady A. Sobo-
lev and United States Ambassador
Henry Cabot Lodge issued the
"Don't touch Cuba" warnings.
Sobolev reiterated Premier Ni-
kita S. Khrushchev's warning that
Soviet military might would be
made available to Cuba if that
country is attacked.
He said this did not mean the
Soviet Union was threatening the
United States with rockets, but
was merely saying:
"Don't touch Cuba. Leave Cuba
alone. Don't threaten Cuba with
your might. Other countries also
have much might."
Not Frightened
To this Lodge replied:
"Neither we nor the members
of the Organization of American
States are frightened by these
threats, nor will we be deterred
from our treaty obligations to
prevent establishment of a regime
dominated by international Com-
munism.
"All we say is simply this: Don't
touch those with whom we are
tied; don't seek to extend Com-
munist imperialism. That's very
simple and ought to be understood
by everybody."
Sobolev declared the Latin
American countries were "strug-
gling for their freedom against
domination by American monopo-
lies and economic imperialists."
This evoked a reply from Am-
bassador Jose A. Correa of Ecua-
dor, President of the Security
Council for this month.
He said that he wanted to deny
contentions by Sobolev that the
history of Latin America is one of
"open intervention by the United
States."
Florida Cases
Protest Use
Of Religion
MIAMI () - A circuit court
judge was told yesterday that
Jewish youngsters are captive au-
diences for public school devotions
in which the name of Christ Is
invoked repeatedly.
Circuit Judge J. Fritz Gordon
is hearing two suits testing the
constitutionality of a Florida state
law requiring daily Bible readings
in the public schools.
One of the suits also seeks a
ruling outlawing all school reli-
gious observances, including cele-
of ~ ~ f"..iv+ .Mv v+aa
Belgian Trc
Evacuation
)
ps T
from
1
Complete
Leopoldville
ROCKEFELLER MOVE WEAK:
Nixon Confident as Platform Emerges
Lumumba
-AP Wirephoto
ISLAND VOICE-Cuban Foreign Minister Raul J. Roa explains
his country's position before the UN Security Council which voted
to adjourn debate until the Organization of American States
takes action.
SEEKS WITHDRAWAL:
USSR Denounces
U.S. CongoTro ops
MOSCOW (W)--The Soviet Union yesterday accused the United
States of landing a detachment of 20 armed men in the turbulent
Congo, and demanded the men be immediately withdrawn.
Unless the American soldiers and officers are withdrawn, Foreign
Minister Andrei A. Gromyko said in a protest to United States Charge
d'Affaires Edward I. Freers, "the Soviet Union will have to draw due
conclusions."
Gromyko quoted to Freers an Associated Press dispatch from
Leopoldville, the Congo capital, as saying that a 20-man group of
United States servicemen landed at the Leopoldville airport "to assist
in the operation of troops dispatched by certain states to the Congo
1 in conformity with the well known
CHICAGO (/P)) - Republicans
started hammering together their
1960 platform yesterday and aides
of Vice-President Richard M. Nix-
on set up camp in complete con-
fidence he will be the man to run
on it.
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller of
New York, the big political ques-
tion mark for the GOP, spoke up
before the platform drafting com-
mittee for an immediate $3.5 bil-
lion splurge on national and civil
defense. He was taking again a
tack in the opposite direction from
the course the Eisenhower Ad-
ministration is steering.
Rockefeller sounded perhaps a
bit more than willing to be drafted
for a Presidential nomination
which is all but clinched for Nix-
on.
Wants Truth
The New York governor, who
has repeatedly urged Nixon to
speak out on the grave issues of
the day in advance of next week's
GOP convention, told the platform
committee yesterday the people
need and have a right to expect
two things:
"First: They must be told the
truth - the facts, the dangers,
the needs, the choices, and the
opportunities."
a kind of leadership that tells Whether Rockefeller's own poli-
them the plain facts and, so do- tical course will take him within
ing, summons them to rise to meet grabbing distance of the GOP
the clear and present challenge." Presidential nomination is about
And perhaps with a certain New the most doubtful item in politics
York governor in mind, Rocke- today.
feller added that this is the kind But one thing seems to be dead
of leadership the Republican party certain - if the politicians mean
can and must provide. what they say and make it stick:
Delaware Segregation La w
Ruled Invalid by Court
PHILADELPHIA (-')-A federal court told the State of Delaware
yesterday its grade-a-year public school integration was too slow and
ordered total integration by the fall of 1961.
The Court of Appeals for the Third United States Circuit said
the state's present race integration process does not meet the "delib-
erate speed" requirements of a Supreme Court order.
The grade-a-year plan approved by a federal district judge began
last -year and would have resulted in total school integration by 1972.
The ruling by the appellate court was on an appeal by an attorney
for 20 Negro youths. The Circuit
"Second:
same time,
They must, at the
be offered the hope of
Ike Charges
Communist
Meddling
NEWPORT, R.I. (P)-The Eisen-
hower Administration accused the
Soviet Union yesterday of waging
an anti-United States campaign
of "a very provocative type."
Secretary of State Christian A.
Herter used the phrase after con-
ferring for more than two hours
with President Dwight D. Eisen-
hower on Russia's stepped up hos-
tility toward the United States.
Herter declined at a news con-
ference at the vacationing Presi-
dent's Summer White House to
speculate on the motive of the
Russian attitude. But he said:
Serious Consideration
"We take this attitude seriously
and regard it as one we should
give serious consideration to."
Herter reeled off a list of what
he called Soviet provocations since
the spring's summit conference
broke down.
He cited Russian walkouts, vio-
lence, threats and attitudes on
such matters as the Geneva dis-
armament talks, Cuba, the Congo,
the American reconnaissance
plane shot down in the Arctic and
Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chev's Vienna statement on Ber-
lin.
The Secretary of State described
them as "all of a very provocative
type."
Discussions
Herter did not indicate that any
hard decisions were taken at the
conference. terming it in general
as "a discussion and review." He
said there would be continuing
discussions.
To a query whether Khrushchev
was rattling sabers to cover up
difficulties at home, Herter de-
clined to give a yes or no but said
it was "a factor that has to be
considered."
To another question of Kremlin
motivation, he said:
"It is something we must watch
very carefully and study very care-
fully."
Possible Vacuum
T 'hRPa -..+ ,.. . mI7na a r
decision of the (United Nations)
Security Council."
40 Supervisors
(As Associated Press dispatch
from Leopoldville Saturday said
the United States sent 40 men to
supervise unloading of planes in
a UN airlift, conforming to a re-
quest from UN Secretary General
to help out in transporting a UN
force from various countries.
In Washington, the State De-
partment denounced the Gromyko
demand as a "desperate and al-
most frantic effort" to obstruct
UN efforts to restore order in the
violence-ridden, newly independ-
ent Congo. The State Department
said the men are there to help the
UN land troops from other coun-
tries and supplies for the UN
units.)
Protest Missiles
Gromyko had called in Freers
in connection with another mat-
ter: a Soviet note protesting any
delivery of Polaris missiles to
West Germany. Turning to the
matter of the Congo, Gromyko
told the American:
"The Soviet government con-
sideres it necessary to draw the
attention of the government of
the United States to the fact that
the sending of the above-men-
tioned American military group
into the capital of the Republic
of the Congo is an impermissible
act.
Sees No Bolt
From Party
JACKSON, Miss. -) - Some of
the South's Democratic political
leaders, irked over the party's civil
rights platform plank, are giving
at least tokenconsideration to a
proposal to bolt the party.
At least three governors have
turned thumbs down on Missis-
sippi Gov. Ross Barnett's idea.
Others said they wanted more
time to consider it.
There was less actual sympathy
with a third party movement than
with a possible attempt at inde-
pendent slates of electors. The
elector plan, by withholding the
vote from both Democratic and
Republican nominees, would aim
at throwing the presidential elec-
tion into the House of Representa-
tives, where each state has one
vote.
Terry Sanford, Democratic nom-
inee for governor in North Caro-
lina, said he didn't know "of a
single Democrat of any promi-
nence" who would bolt the party
in November.
Kentucky's Gov. Bert Combs
said "nothing has been said to me
about it and I haven't been con-
tacted by Gov. Barnett, but I can't
imagine any state other than pos-
sibly Mississippi boting the party.
We are going to support the Demo-
cratic nominee and the Demo-
cratic platform in Kentucky, of
course."
Court ruled that all 20 should be
admitted to public schools this
fall. It directed that the grade-a-
year plan remain in effect until
the full integration plan starts.
2-1 Decision
The court asserted in its 2-1
decision written by Chief Judge
John Biggs, Jr., that although
some 7,000 Negroes were eligible
for integrated classes only about
500 would be expected to apply
for admission to previously all-
white schools.
This was in answer to the plea
by Delaware state and local school
district authorities that total, im-
mediate integration would over-
crowd school rooms and overtax
teachers.
Biggs said he based this opinion
on the number who entered first
grade last fall, only 25 of some
1,000 eligible to do so.
"It has been the experience in
school desegregation that a large
number of Negro children do not
seek integration even when of-
fered the opportunity. This is
common knowledge . . . he wrote..
Notes Violence
Biggs also took note of another
contention by opponents of speedy
integration - possible disruptive
influences and violence. Violence
occurred in the southern Dela-
ware community of Milford five
years ago when integration moves
first began.
Said Biggs:
"Concededly there is still some
way to go to complete an un-
qualified acceptance but we can-
not conclude that the citizens of
Delaware will create incidents of
the sort which occurred in the
Milford area five years ago...."
Delaware authorities claimed
the incidents were sparked by out-
siders.
Some 46 per cent of Delaware's
77,000 public school pupils attend
totally integrated institutions, the
bulk of those in the large north-
ern tier city of Wilmington.
Ships Crash
Of f Coast
LONG BEACH, Calif. (M) - Two
Navy destroyers - one on\ maneu-
vers and other heading for moth-
balls - collided in a swirling fog
yesterday, killing 11 sailors and
injuring more than a score.
The U.S.S. Ammen, her portside
smashed, was towed into Long
Beach Naval Shipyard, listing and
looking sadder than when she
took a Japanese Kamikaze off
Okinawa during World War II.
Eleven of the dead were aboard
this vessel.
The other destroyer, the Col-
lett, under power, although her
bow was smashed, was due later
last night.
Six of the injured were hos-
pitalized.
"It could have been worse, if we
hadn't unloaded the ammunition
yesterday," said Cmdr. Zaven Muk-
halian, USN, Captain of the Am-
men.
"If those depth charge igniters
had been aboard, both ships would
have been blown to kingdom
come."
The Ammen had unloaded her
explosives at nearby Seal Beach
and sailed for San Diego on her
last voyage. Off the Southern
California resort of Newport
Beach the Collett, on maneuvers,
smashed into the port side of the
Ammen with such force that the
Collett's bow anchor was imbedded
in the crushed and twisted super-
structure.
The sailors who died aboard the
Ammen were in the supply and
electronics offices above decks.
The entire section, just astern of
amidships, was a jumble of iron,
electronics equipment, Navy man-
uals and broken bodies.
Rockefeller won't seek or get the
Vice-Presidential nomination.
The governor has said he posi-
tively and absolutely will not ac-
cept second place on the ticket.
And Nixon's press secretary, Her-
bert G. Klein, hit town with word
to newsmen that: "I say the Vice-
President takes him at his word."
Of course there always are "ifs"+
about such things, and men with
political hankerings often reverse+
directions.
Klein and a collection of assist-
ants opened up shop for Nixon,+
who will be in Monday.
About the only time Klein tied
an "if" to Nixon's chances for the+
nomination was in connection with
a prediction of a hard-hitting
campaign against the Democratic
ticket of Sens. John F. Kennedy
(D-Mass.) and Lyndon B. John-+
son (D-Tex.).
Klein declined to go into the
question of a Vice - Presidential
running mate for Nixon, or indi-
cate who might put Nixon's name
in nomination at the convention.
He said those things haven't been
decided.
Wide-Open Proof
A wave of skeptical laughter
greeted Klein's reaction to the
draft-Rockefeller maneuver.
"I think that it is certainly an
interesting development," he said,
"and it indicates again this is cer-
tainly a wide open convention."
While Rockefeller definitely is
willing to be drafted - he says so
- the only draft at this point is
a mere whisper of a zephyr stir-
ring in the New York delegation
and to a degree in such spots as
Illinois and California.
After his appearance before the
platform committee, Rockefeller
headed for the airport and New
York, with plans to come back
Saturday.
Rockefeller's appearance there
commanded the most interest, of
course. Essentially, he proposed
nothing he hasn't urged before, in
speeches and in a 6,000 - word
statement he sent to the commit-
tee in advance.
Sen. Kennedy
Asks Debate
HYANNIS PORT, Mass. (A)-
Sen. John F. Kennedy, the Demo-
cratic presidential nominee, made
it known he is willing to take on
the Republican standard bearer in
televised debates.
Pierre Salinger, Kennedy's press
secretary, told a news conference
"The Senator presumes there
would be joint appearances on tel-
evision by himself and the Repub-
lican nominee." Kennedy aides
said this meant the Senator "is
willing to debate."
Plans Moves
Salinger announced the vaca-
tioning Kennedy plans a strategy
meeting today with top members
of his campaign staff. One decis-
ion to be reached, he said, may be
whether to launch the Senator's
campaign officially at Detroit's
traditional Cadillac Square rally
on Labor Day.
The AFL-CIO has invited Ken-
nedy to choose the rally for the
formal kickoff of his election cam-
paign, said Salinger, who added
a decision today is possible.
Allen W.tDulles, Central Intel-
ligence director, is to fly here Sat-
urday to give Kennedy a briefing
on foreign problems. Salinger said
Dulles will meet with Kennedy
personally to brief him on "the
general world situation, and spec-
ifidally on Latin America and Af-
rica."
Campaign Appointments
Salinger promised what he
called "somermajor announce-
ments in the morning" concern-
ing the appointment of some ad-
ditional figures for Kennedy's
campaign organization.
He said two other campaign
strategists, John M. Bailey, Con-
necticut Democratic Chairman,
and am P Rowe. a Washinoinn
May Still
Call Soviets,
Asks Immediate
Belgian Withdrawal
By The Associated Press
The UN announced yesterday
some Belgian troops have pulled
out of Leopoldville and the rest
will begin today a complete with-
drawal from the capital to their
Congo treaty bases.
Premier Patrice Lumumba de-
clared this isn't enough, that he
wants all Belgian troops out of
the Congo by midnight. He indi-
cated in an interview he still is
considering an appeal to the So-
viet Union for help.
Belgians are surrendering pa-
trol duties in Leopoldville tothe
expanding, blue -helmeted UN
force. The Leopoldville airport, 15
miles out of town, will be given
over to UN control later this week.
Belgian troops control about 20
other cities and towns, guarding
whites against marauding Con-
golese.
Bunche Reports
UN Undersecretary Ralph J.
Bunche reported the Belgian with-
drawal on the eve of a meeting
of the UN Security Council in New
York to consider the Congo situa-
tion. It was a victory for the UN
operation in a controversial phase
of the crisis.
Bunche said the Belgian evacua-
tion of Leopoldville is to be com-
pleted by 7 p.m. Saturday.
It was announced in New York
that Secretary General Dag Ham-
marskjold hopes, if conditions per-
mit, to come to Leopoldville Sat-
urday.
Lumumba had threatened Sun-
day to invite in Soviet troops if
the Belgians did not quit the coun-
try entirely within three days.
UN Demands
Despite this, the Security Coun-
cil was expected to get demands
for immediate withdrawal from
the whole country of Belgian
troops in its next meeting on the
Congo situation, probably today.
The Council will meet to hear
Hammarskjold's report on imple-
mentation of its resolution of early
last Thursday. It authorized him
to send in the UN force and called
for withdrawal of the Belgian
troops-with no time limit speci-
fied.
The meeting was called for to-
night. It was delayed from this
afternoon to give time for inter-
ested outsiders to arrive and take
part in the debate.
Wigny To Confer
Belgian Foreign Minister Pierre
Wigny and two Congolese ofcials
were expected to reach New York
today for this purpose.
The Congolese-Thomas Kanza,
Minister Delegate to the UN, and
Andre Mandi, Minister of State
for Foreign Affairs-were coming
by United States Air Force plane
with British Maj. Gen. Henry T.
Alexander, commander of Ohan-
ian forces who has been In Leo-
poldville. Alexander will confer
with Hammarskjold on military
matters.
Responsible UN sources and
Western diplomats tended to ig-
nore the Lumumba ultimatum and
the Congo Parliament was split on
that subject. The Senate adopted
a resolution opposing the ulti-
matum and rejecting any Soviet
intervention. The House approved
the ultimatum.
Macmillan
Raps Russian
Aggression
LONDON (W - Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan yesterday called
on Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev
to abandon at once the aggressive
trend in Soviet diplomacy, warn-
ing it threatens an accidental
drift into nuclear war.
He told the Soviet Premier that
the Kremlin's accusations against
AT LYDIA MENDELSSOHN:
Humor and Reality Blend. in Comedy
By JUDITH OPPENHEIM
"One of the reasons that Shakespeare's "As You Like It" has
endured as one of the most popular comedies of all time, is its subtle
balance of whimsical humor and realistic cynicism," Prof. Marvin
Felheim of the English department said.
"As You Like It," presented by the speech department's Summer
Playbill 1960 opens tonight at the Lydia Mendelssohn theatre, and
will run through Saturday evening. It is directed by Prof. William P.
Halstead of the speech department.
Prof. Felheim explained that although on the surface the play
is a lighthearted commentary about the joys of love and marriage,
the underlying thought makes fun of the very subject idealized.
The play closes with four weddings, a seemingly perfect finale.
However, the implication is that there would really be little else for
the characters to do but marry one another, and thus if the con-
-- clusion is idyllic, it is equally practical.
,f"Marriage," says Prof. Felheim, "is indeed the only resolution
for the human condition." Yet in this ritual there is a "compromise