Seventy-Second Year EorrED AND MANAGED SY STUDENTS ov THE UNIVERSrrY OF MICHIGAN - UNDER AUTHORT OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLCATIONS "Where Opinlouls Are 1FreSTUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. 0 ANN ARBOR, MICH. *"P1on NO 2.3241 Truth Wwl Prevall Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily ex press the individual opinions of stag writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. AY, JULY 10, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: DENISE WACKER South Viet Nam. Mess Finally Becomes Public AT LAST the truth is out! There is a mess in South Viet Nam. Rumblings of this state of affairs have cir- culated in the United States for the past two or three years, but neither the Eisenhower nor Kennedy administrations nor the major news gathering media in this country would admit it. Finally, the Associated Press has brok- en this wall of silence. In an article by staff writer Ben Price and datelined Fort Leavenworth, Kan., the AP tells of army discontent with the operations in the South Viet Nam. As Price says, "The story here - and apparently elsewhere in the Army - is that the fight to save South Viet Nam from the Communists is, to put it mildly, fouled up., PRICE TEILS of the split Viet Nam army command that results in chaos; of the top- heavy command structure that places five men in the rear for every man on the front; and of the reliance on archaic, unsuccessful French methods of fighting guerrilla warfare. This is quite .a different story from recent Pentagon statements saying that the war has turned toward the. West's favor and that it is only a matter of time until the Viet Cong are driven out of the country. One article written last March by an un- named observer in South Viet Nam tells of Viet Cong successes going unchallenged; of the increasing casualty rate; of the military bu- reaucracy; but, most importantly of the Amer- ican surrender to the Vietnamese dictators and to propaganda which has lulled this country asleep. IT MAY well be too late. The United States has, let itself be drawn further and further into the guerilla war quicksand and may be commit- ted to years of bloody, frustrating warfare. Yet, the administration is doing nothing about it. As the New Republic said in its front page editorial March 12, "The Pentagon pipeline to Saigon pours out a flow of men and material that has swollen over the past year in inverse proportion to thestaying power of the regime." The trend continues and the Diem regime pulls America through the mud. The crux of the South Viet Nam problem is not military, but political. The Americans are defending a harshly dictatorial, corrupt and thoroughly unpopular regime. Its position is untenable. On the one hand, it gains no sup- port from the local citizenry. On the other, United States efforts to improve political and economic conditions are resisted by the en- trenched Diem clique. T'HEAMERICAN public had best prepare itself, for a long series of costly and frus- trating crises inViet Nam. Only diligent diplo- macy can pull the °United States out of its mess and at best this country will be lucky to get out with its pants intact. However, it is not too late. The Kennedy ad- ministration should strategically re-evaluate its position and change its command from a military to a diplomatic one, for diplomatic solutions may be the only effective one. A new command may also provide a new perspective and a needed disenchantment from the Diem regime. After this first step is taken, efforts to save Viet Nam from the Communists by neutralizing it and putting it in the hands of a popular government should be undertaken. No such hopes are now in sight. There is only the vision of Uncle Sam sinking deeper and deeper into quicksand. -PHILIP SUTIN "Sugar In The Mornin'--Sugar In The Evenin-- Sugar In The Summnertimne-.--" N L * **1 By ROBERT SELWA Daily Staff Writer IN ITS TERM that has just end- ed, the Supreme Court has ad- vanced American civil liberties a little bit more. Civil liberties generally have been gaining in the past decade, and the Court during the past nine months helped to solidify gains in the areas of the prevention of censorship, the freedom of criti- cism and of opinion,and contempt of Congress charges for refusing to answer Congressional committee questions about Communism. But what is significant in ad- dition to the decisions is that the Court has undergone a change in personnel that may mean an al- teration of its liberal-conserva- tive makeup., AFTER FIVE YEARS, on the the bench, Justice Charles E. Whittaker of the "conservative" bloc resigned because of the great volume and continuous stresses of the Court's work. President John F. Kennedy appointed Deputy At- torney General Byron White in his place. Justice White was able to par- ticipate in only three decisions, none of which give any good clue as to his future position in civil liberties cases. A dissent he de- livered in a narcotics case may give some indication, though: he termed the invocation of the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause of Article Eight of the Bill of Rights "novel" and accused the majority of "imposing its own philosophical predilections" on legislators. "This dissent," Anthony Lewis of the New York Times says, "at least suggests that the new Justice is going, to be no sentimentalist in dealing with criminals. It may go beyond criminal cases, indicating a broader feeling on Justice White's part that judges should be wary of novel doctrine and slow to impose new restraints on Government." * * * IF THIS IS SO, then Justice White may lean toward the "con- servative" bloc-Justices Tom C. Clark, Felix , Frankfurter, Joh Marshall Harlan and Potter Stew- art-which finds, claims of in- dividual liberty outweighed by governmental needs. But at this point it is just as easy to feel (despite his dissent) that Justice White may join the "liberal" bloc . . . Justices Hugo Black, William 0. Douglas, William J. Brennan Jr. and Chief Justice Earl Warren. The retirement of Justice Whit- taker and the illness of Justice Frankfurter, who is 79 years old, helped to account for the judicial gains in civil liberties during the past term. The Court, by a 6-1 margin, set aside a post office ban on three magazines designed to appeal to homosexuals. By a 5-2 margin it held that a Georgia sheriff's criticism of a judge for an allegedly racist charge to a grand-jury was not a sufficient threat to the administration of justice to justify holding the sher- iff in contempt. IT UNANIMOUSLY struck down a Florida requirement that state employes swear they have not and will not lend "support, advice counsel of influence to the Com- munist party." The Court said this was so vague that it could inhibit the free expression of opinion. It set aside the contempt con- victions of nine men who refused to answer questions of the House Un-American Activities CommiIt- tee and Senate Internal Security subcimmittee, and even though it did so on a technical ground-that the indcitments were defective be- cause they did not, specify the "question under inquiry,"-the de- cision helps to roll back the ma- laise of repression that the HUAC promotes. In these ways, the Court con-- tinued the progress made in the past decade. During the 1950s, the freedom to stay silent became clarified, freedom of worship for all was established beyond any danger of being dislodged, the freedom of teachingmand research and of press and movies became less threatened by government, the ban against wiretapping in Federal court cases became firm, and the right of a citizen to travel was strengthened. WITH THE MORAL leadership of the Court libertarians behind it, the movement for civil liber- ties has gained new life since its rough bout with McCarthyism. Muchthremains to be done yet before this ideal will become truly meaningful. . Although the right to remain silent has become clari- fied, the right to say what one thinks and; to contribute to the marketplace of ideas is still far from absolute. The rights of aliens in immi- gration and deportation cases need recognition from the Court, and the severe restrictive immigration laws of the post-World War I period are still on the books. TERM ENDS: Court Solidifies Gains In Civil Liberties- - f I ..ir.. r' THE NEW CONSTITUTION: Retains Judicial Structure I Doctors Defy Faceless Bureaucrats [OW IT must annoy the Saskatchewan So- cialists, that the doctors of their province, lose last evil bastions of the decadent capital- t concept of free enterprise, refuse to knuckle large, impersonal, faceless, mechanical bu- aucracy in Regina. An out-and-out scheme for socialized. medi- nle, loosely camouflaged as a National Health 'ogram, was wished upon the province, which id given no indication it wanted the thing, ily 1. The doctors, supposedly evil and greedy id wanting only to gouge their poor, helpless, ck patients, went on strike, so that the people uld all die from exposure. The government, determined 'to make every tient a number in voluminous card catalogs, reatened the evil doctors with reprisals. The reats were met only with offers from doctors every part of the world to come to Sas- ,tchewan, "like witches to a convention," and fer emergency medical care, supporting the, cal doctors in the wicked ways. IOPEFULLY the doctors will have the stamina to resist every attempt to make em give in. Once socialism gets its foot in e door, like ivy eating mortar from between e bricks, it is almost impossible to stop. In spite of the fact that some distorted lib- als may believe the doctors have only selfish motives in their resistance, such is not the case. Perhaps it is beyond the comprehension of each and every hack politician that sickness is a very personal problem. Each case is different. It cannot be nationalized like a railroad or a coal mine, for it deals with the very life of' human beings. A sick man cannot wait until the government opens shop on Monday and looks up his Na- tional Health number. A doctor cannot rely upon a government, staffed by civil servants who proved incapable of handling private jobs, to do his work for him. Life will not wait that long. CAN'T HAPPEN, you say? Ask the man in Liverpool, England, who wanted his appen- dix removed and was told he would have to get on the waiting list. Six months later he would have been admitted - if he could have lived that long. The eyes of the world will be on Saskatche- wan these days, to see whether social domin- ance will defeat personal humanity. Unfortun- ately the issue is being debated on the basis of money - does the doctor cost too much? And while the battle rages life may slip away from someone who might have been saved. Is this political greed worth it? I think not. -MICHAEL HARRAH City Editor (EDITOR'S NOTE- This is the fifth of a nine-part series on the new state constitution.) By MARK BLUCHER Daily Staff Writer WITH 39 PER CENT of the con- vention's delegates coming from the law profession it was not unnatural that many weeks of dis- cussion would be spent on the Judicial article. But after the talk was over much of the state's basic legal structure remained unchanged. Those, changes that were finally incorporated into the new docu- ment came only after weeks and weeks of intense debate. One dele- gate expressed the view that while the lawyers often demanded that all issues should beetalked-out, they themselves often took the floor just to hear themselves speak. AGAIN, as on many other oc- casions, the Democrats voted against the inclusion of the pro- posed judicial article in the new document. Under the new provision, the Supreme Court will continue to be elected in non-partisan state- wide elections. However, the num- ber of judges is reduced from the present eight to seven, in order to alleviate a greater possibility of tie-votes. Incumbent justices would have the privilege of renominating themselves by filing an affidavit without having to win the support of party nominating conventions. ' ' * * IN THE CASE of a vacancy, a general or special election would be called to fill it. Justice of the Peace courts were eliminated along with the Circuit RACKHAM GALLERIES: Art Represents Youth AMONG THE many facets of the Summer Program on Youth, an en- gaging one is the display of college art, which is currently on view in the Rackham Galleries. Two well-hung rooms and one display case are used to show the work of students from eight Michigan colleges. As a whole, the work can be labelled derivative; as one would ex- pect, these youthful artists are exploring their media in terms of pre- vailing styles. Hence, there is a great deal of abstraction; a searching for form; there is, as well, a great amount of boldness in the use of color; and, true also both to conventional and currently fashionable concern, there are figure studies. AMONG THE works shown, a few pieces strike me as having a certain maturity; by that, I mean both a control of the medium and a content that I found interesting. Of the oil paintings I liked best Emma Kuiper's yellow and red imaginative construct: a kid of bridge in space. Her sensitive use of surface textures heightens the effect. Prints by Jane Hustoles are also eye-catching: one overall pattern in red and brown, and a neat lithograph, "Water and Ice," which skill- fully juxtaposes colors and forms. * * * * TWO WOODEN sculptures in a case, which also contains examples of ceramics, were particularly striking. The black torso by William Davison brings out both the delicacy and the strength of the wood. It is beautiful. More amusing but also a fine piece of craftsmanship is the untitled group of three llamas. The absence of an artist's name on this and many other works is an annoying omission; as a result, however, the show more truly represents the work of today's college youth. ' -Prof. Marvin Felheim Court Commissioner. This was considered to be one of the most important changes in the judicial article. Robert Danhof (R-Muskegon) said that lack of flexibility is the main problem with the JP's. "They work well in a small township but not in heavily-populated urban townships. Here is where you find the collection agency justices and the pressure to find defendants guilty of speeding and , such charges because deputies and po- lice take their cases to the courts where they figure they'll win," he added. THE DEMOCRATS balked at most of ,the new provisions except the one that established a new Court of Appeals with nine judges to be elected from districts. They especially disliked the pro- vision that took away the gover- nor's power to fill judicial vacan- cies and gave it to the Supreme Court which could call on retired judges for temporary service. "Michigan's present system of permitting the governor to make appointments to fill vacancies and then require these incumbents to" run at the next election has pro- duced a superior bench in our state, recognized as such by na- tional authorities. The new pro- posal is obviously motivated by partisan reaction to 14 years of democratic governors and has' never been supported 'by either' constructive criticism of the qual- ity of our present judiciary or constructive suggestions," they said. OTHER PROVISIONS in the new article that found most of the Democrats on the dissenting side included: -Elimination of the Justice of the Peace system within five years of adoption of the Constitution, and authorizing the Legislature to establish a new court of limited. jurisdiction. -F6rbidding the payment of any judge on the basis of fees or court business. -Opening the way for establish- ment by the legislature of a family court by permitting juvenile juris- diction to be placed in a court rather than probate. 'BLACK TIGHTS' Chapliesu Blet F OR THOSE who like a somewhat pleasant and very childish relief from reality, "Oklahoma" has been re-released slightly cut, and is now playing at the campus. Fine for corn, literal and otherwise.y For those who want a weird and rhythmic mixture of fantasy and reality with all the best elements of ballet, musical-comedy, Edmond Rostand, and George Bizet, there is "Black Tights" on the same bill. The creator and mastermind of this film is Roland Petit, who authored all four of the ballets included. * * * * THE FOUR ballets are "La Croqueuse de Diaments" (The Diamond Crusher), "Cyrano De Bergerac," "Deuil en 24 Heures", and "Carmen." Two of the best things about the whole film are the sets and the costumes, particularly the sets. They have an aura of surrealism about them, but it's the kind of aura which allows them to be very represen- tational, and yet give just the right amount of reality and solidarity. Among the people who worked on the costumes were Clave and Yves St. Laurent of the House of Christian Dior. The costumes too have this same aura of surrealism about them. THIS IS a very contemporary and at times very comic form of ballet that does more to characterize the natural rhythm of the body, rather than give it another formal rhythm. It is often very reminiscent of Charlie Chaplin's little splay-footed tramp. Roland Petit's ballets are fantastic, perceptive, cdamatic and funny. His dancing is also good. His characterization and face are too often those of the world's greatest ham. The best two people as far as total all-around effect is concerned, are Dirk Sanders, who unfortunate- ly only appears in the first ballet, and Zizi Jeanmaire, who has the leads in La Croqueuse de Diaments and Carmen. She makes a charming eater of diamonds, a la juvenile delinquent. The worst thing about the film is Maurice Chevalier, but fortun- ately he is only the narrator. The best thing is the final scene in Carmen. It alone is worth the preceding four hours, sans intermission. -John Herrick Blackjacking the Public ()NEHARSH, ill-considered editorial by the Detroit Free Press may well have destroyed a commendable and worthwhile experiment in police-citizen cooperation in Detroit. In a biting article, the Free Press chided the police de- partment for not arresting enough people while he crime rate has gone up eight per cent. With the appointment of former state Su- >reme Court Judge George Edwards as police ommissioner, the department has launched a irive to gain citizen cooperation - especially n the crime-infested Negro community. The epartment has held meetings with community roups, explaining its problems and showing hem that cooperation will result in safer ieighborhoods. Two weeks ago the department held a one- lay workshop with senior precinct officials and .ity. religious leaders. There the department 'evealed a 10-point program for citizen-police ooperation and cited precinct-by-precinct the najor problems of the police department. The 'eligious leaders were impressed and the meet- ng's success created hopes for a safer city hrough cooperation, not bullying animosity. ON ITS PART, the department is paying closer attention to the citizen's Constitu- Editorial Staff RED RUSSELL KRAMER............... Co-Editor 'ETER STEINBERGER.................. Co-Editor .L JONES ..................Sports Editor YNTHA NEU......................Night Editor JERALD STORCH.................. Night Editor HILIP SUTIN....... ..............Night Editor tional safeguards, especially the search and seizure provisions. It was the department's mass searching of Negroes during a winter 1960-61 "crime wave" that lost Louis C. Miriani his mayor's job. The police then stopped many Negroes and subjected them to a summary search for weapons. The new commissioner has put a stop to this. Why have arrests gone down? The Free Press says that officers do not want to be caught in the middle of a political football. This is the result of Wayne County prosecutor Samuel Olsen's ineptness and his penchant for making political issues out of routine criminal cases. Critical fire should be drawn toward the prose- cutor for creating this unwholesome atmos- phere, not at the policemen. A more significant reason for the decline in arrests is probably an adherence to the, Con- stitution. Dubious "investigatory arrests" have declined. Fewer citizens are being held on an open charge. The old practice had its bullying aspects as it provided no check on possible ar- rests for personal, prejudicial or political rea- sons. It makes the policeman more careful of whom he charges with a crime and guarantees freedom from intimidation by police officers. IRONICALLY, the statistics themselves indi- cate growing public confidence in the police. The eight per cent increase in reported crimes in part due to more information about them reaching the police. As Edwards says, more citizens have now joined the war against crime. The public reaction to this thoughtless Free Press editorial may force the police depart- ment to reverse this policy. Patrolmen may make more "investigatory arrests" just to keep the statistics up. Intimidation will return. Fear I FEIFFER ,fi &lecc.1 & -ro TALK qoulvg 60T TO 60 OUl7:06 AU)P PLRA(f eAtS~-. HQOCKW! ~buT V N SAt4. ik4A1r5 IRAT Gtr' To t u)IUP Iff p'Cs gOUR MO1"HERLIKC O1QPO' toe O1VP TO OUR COL ( t 'L COFMf' 'O' 60 OUf T96RE AIJP MV WANT TO FtAq 0A6 If 60F' &0" 1WANT 'To tOL~ 1j COMMUNEITY cENi'E ? I 66T AM-C! 1MT5 PART of SEIIX' tROWN VP! wAPWJL 7ro LTC HAPPY AT VOW&y; WHAr fov 000"r I OT ~ ~'TO i, 1 fo Iw M MIT PAVC eOmasr Rig Mf~n I HATC WONT !fAVC 70 IAOV6. I PO W (CC I ((1t t