Y, JUNE 26,1962 THE MICHIGAN Tb A ILLY P) 1 JUNE 26, 1962 THE MICHIGAN ~IAWLY r CJ Canada Sets Belt- Tightening Rusk, Home Discuss Policies, See Communist Difficulties * * * * * * * * Supreme Court Decision' Hits Prayer Requirement Last. Minute zMajor Ruling Finds Critics I WASHINGTON (MP-A New York state education official expressed disappointment yesterday at the United States Supreme Court de- cision outlawing prayer in public schools while a Jewish leader said y he was "highly gratified." Comment from Congress was generally critical with southern- ers denouncing the decision in caustic terms. . Leo Pfeffer, general counsel of the American Jewish Congress, said in New York that the Supreme Court edict "makes it clear that federal funds may not be used to finance parochial school educa- tion." 'Shocked, Frightened' However, Francis Cardinal Spell- man said he was "shocked and frightened" at the decision. He described the prayer as a "simple and voluntary declaration of be- lief in God by public school chil- dren." Cardinal Spellman said, "the de- cision strikes at the very heart of the godly tradition in which America's children have for so long been raised." Chancellor Edgar W. Couper of the Board of Regents of New York, w the educational ruling body in the state, said: Accept Ruling "It is a disappointment because we believed in this thing ... but the Supreme Court has ruled and we accept it with regret." In Albany, a spokesman for the New York State Education De- partment said, "we are disappoint- ed in the decision but will accept it as law-because that's what it is. Southern lawmakers, who have criticized the high court for years for its stands on racial matters, were quick to react to the prayer decision. "They put the Negroes in the schools and now they've driven God out of them," said Rep. George Andrews (D-Ala). "The next thing you know, they'll be telling us we can't open our daily House sessions with prayer, Rep. Howard W. Smith (D- Va) said. FEARS-Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black and Francis Cardinal Spellman expressed fears in discussing the various issues of the Supreme Court decision banning prayers in public schools. Black feared for religious freedom while Spellman was concerned with religious belief.. WALKOUT THREAT: Senators Seek Means To Halt Airline Strikes WASHINGTON (M)-Faced with a deadlock in the tangled airline labor situation, some Senators began talking yesterday of seeking new laws to cope with the problem. A strike already has grounded Eastern Air Lines and Pan American World Airways is threatened with a shutdown today. Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg reported Pan American negotiations were "still deadlocked," and the talks were recessed to t} Black Fears GovVernment Involvement Rigid Church-State Separation Demanded WASHINGTON (P) - The Su- preme Court declared yesterday the Constitution is violated by any requirement that a public school teacher lead her pupils in prayer. "It is no part of the business of government to compose official prayers for any group of American people to recite as part of a reli- gious program carried on by gov- ernment," Justice Hugo L. Black said in delivering the 6-1 decision. It doesn't matter that the pray- er is denominationally neutral, Black said, or that it is voluntary for the students to recite it. Power, Belief "When the power, prestige and financial support of government is placed behind a particular religious belief," he declared, "the indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities to conform to the pre- vailing officially approved religion is plain." Black read the 15-page opinion in quiet tones to a more-than- usually hushed audience jammed with tourists on the wind-up day of the 1961-62 court term. The justices are not scheduled to meet again until Oct. 1. Justices Felix Frankfurter and Byron R. White took, no part in the school prayer ruling, the most momentous pronouncement on the doctrine of separation of church and state in many years. Two Rulings It follows two separate rulings that while religious instruction cannot be conducted on publio school property, pupils may be re- leased during school hours for such instruction elsewhere. Earlier, the court upheld reimbursement of parents for expenses of bus transportation to parochial as well as public schools. Specifically yesterday's ruling invalidated a New York Board of Regents recommendation calling for the recital of a 22-word prayer at the start of each school day. Diefenbaker Ups Tariff, Gains Loan Move 'Temporary;' Country Said Sound OTTAWA, Can. (AP) - Canada yesterday began a belt-tightening emergency austerity regime of widespread tariff increases and government economy ordered by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to bolster the Canadian dollar. Diefenbaker, whose Progressive Conservative party was badly weakened in the general election last week, called on Canadians to support the new measures "in a spirit of national purpose." He said Canada's economy is fundamen- tally strong and sound. He announced the program on Sunday to avoid market upheavals and emphasized that the measures would be temporary. The prime minister said Canada has obtained more than $1 billion in short term financial aid to strengthen the nation's dwindling foreign exchange reserves until the other government measures have their effect. Two-thirds of these loans and credits were made avail- able by the United States. He said the government is de- termined to defend the dollar's exchange rate at the recently de- valued level of 92%/2 United States cents. In a related step, the Bank of Canada hiked its interest rate to six perdcent, a move apparently designed to retain capital that recently has been going abroad for investment. The fluctuating rate was 5.17 Per cent last week and 4.18 per cent the week before. Seek Soviet Talks At Geneva Confab By The Associated Press LONDON - Secretary of State Dean Rusk and British Foreign Secretary Lord Home aligned poli- cies on various areas from Berlin to the Chinese offshore islands while hoping that Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko will join them in an informal foreign ministers meeting in Geneva. The two are reported to have agreed that the Communists are on the defensive because of in- ternal food and economic prob-' lems. Western authorities believe the Communist world is undergo- ing a. serious internal crisis of management and policy. Qualified informants reported that the United States has increas- ed its price for a settlement in Berlin, apparently because it feels Russian internal problems will force a moderation in Soviet for- eign policy. The two foreign ministers hope that Gromyko will join them at the 14-nation Laotian conference where a treaty guaranteeing the neutrality of Laos will soon be signed. At that time the two hope to discuss the increased Berlin ten-1 sions as well as other international problems such as disarmament.- The two agreed the Communist1 Chinese buildup opposite the off- shore islands of Quemoy and Mat- su is not part of an offensive against these islands. They also sought some easing of tension in South Viet Nam. In the coming months statesmen of the big powers are set for an-3 other round of bargaining on Ber- lin, Laos, Viet Nam and even thet perilous situation in the Formosac SStrait. 'Reds Reinforce DEAN RUSK . .. Berlin talks HEART DISEASE: Cite Stress, Smoking CHICAGO (R)-Former smokers who have the willpower to quit are less likely candidates for heart disease than many smokers or non-smokers, a medical expert re- ported yesterday. I)r. Henry I Russek, a heart specialists, said he reached two conclusions from a detailed survey covering 2,074 doctors, dentists and lawyers. 1) That the smoking habit is a barometer of how many persons respond to stress. 2) That persons who can quit the tobacco habit and make it stick are more capable of adapting to stress than many who never have smoked or others who con- tinue to smoke. Russek, concultant in cardiovas- cular disease, United States Pub- lic Health Service Hospital, Staten Island, N. Y., said the survey in- dicated stress or emotional factors play a major role in the develop- ment of heart disease. Border Barricade BERLIN (P) - East Germans toiled feverishly yesterday to strengthen their fortifications around West Berlin's uneasy bor- der. More than 300 East German soldiers worked on the barricades as the Western allies invited the Soviet Union to four-power talks in Berlin to stop the shooting and restore free movement be- tween the two parts of the city, In Western allied and German circles there was no great expec- tation the Russians would agree to talks. Moscow holds that the East Germans alone are respon- sible for security on what the Com- munists call "the state border" in Berlin. Mayor Willy Brandt of West Berlin told reporters: "We must wait and see what the Soviets have to say." The fresh work on the wall and wire stretching for 100 miles around the west sectors appeared to have two objects. First the formidable barrier was being made more escape-proof. Trip wires were strung across roads leading to the wall. Weak spots in the wire were reinforced. Secondly the troops were en- larging and connecting up fox- holes they have dug to give them- selves cover during gun fights across the border. One work site was the East Ber- lin bank of the river spree, where an East border guard was shot dead an danother injured by fire from West Berlin police May 23. The Vopos, as the East guards are called, were firing at the time on a 14-year-oldboy swimming the riv- er to escape.. University Bicycle Shop 211 South State Service calls on all makes of bicycles Fixed at your own home PHONE NO 2-6986 World News Roundup Court Orders Desegregation At Mississippi NEW ORLEANS ()-The United States 5th Circuit Court of Appeals yesterday ordered issuance of an injunction to force the all-white University of Mississippi to admit James H. Meredith, a 28-year-old Negro. In a 2-1 opinion, the court ruled that Meredith's "application for transfer to the University of Mis- sissippi was turned down solely because he was a Negro. We see no valid, non-discriminatory reason for the university's not accepting Meredith."+ prepare for a court hearing in New York today. Senators Mike Monroney (D-Okla) and Wayne Morse (D-Ore) both said Congress may have to act soon to establish a federal board to deal with air- line jurisdictional disputes that unions cannot settle by themselves. Monroney, chairman of the Sen- ate Aviation Subcommittee, called Goldberg in for a conference but the labor secretary declined later to say whether the administration is considering backing such legis- lation. The idea, apparently, would be to ban airline strikes over job rights disputes and require them to be decided by a board, with deci- sions enforceable by the courts. The government pushed ahead meanwhile with talks aimed at ending the two-day shutdown TOKYO-Foreign Minister Chen Yi of Red China asserted yester- day that Nationalist China is pre- paring for a large-scale invasion of the southeast Chinese coast with United States help. Chen spoke at a rally in Peiping attend- ed by 20,000 persons observing the 12th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War, in which Chi- nese Red armies took part in the guise of volunteers. ** * WASHINGTON-The State De- partment reported yesterday that 9,000 soldiers have been killed so far this year in North Viet Nam's subterranean war with 80 per cent of the dead on the Communists side. WASHINGTON-A House com- mittee charged yesterday that aid officials have permitted both the, deliberate and unwitting use of American tax money to promote Communism in Southeast Asia. MOSCOW - The Soviet Union and Romania called yesterday for "free development of economic co- operation and international trade" and assailed the west European Common Market as a monopoly. * * * NEW YORK-The Stock Mar- ket staged a late comeback yester- day, wiping out most of a heavy loss, but wound up lower for the fifth consecutive session. Most key stocks showed substan- tial declines around mid day in heavy trading with the averages down to the levels of about five years ago. * * * ANKARA-Premier Ismet Inonu announced formation of a three- party coalition government yester- day, promising an end of Turkey's four-week-old cabinet crisis. The 78-year-old Turkish leader disclos- ed that 12 of 23 cabillet portfolios, including the foreign ministry, would go to his Republican Party. U ACCOUNTING TYPING, SPEEDWRITING GREGG SHORTHAND BUSINESS MATHEMATICS Complete Courses or a single subject Founded 1915 Hamilton Business College State and Williams Phone NO 8-7831 The University of Michigan Players Playbill Summer 1962 'I Department of Speech OPENING TOMORROW NIGHT THE HIT RODGERS AND HART MUSICAL m m * (C.W() I QUEES GO QID TH 1 BOYS FROM I THE I UGO BETTI Wednesday through Saturday, July 18-21 I SYR AUSE GET SEASON TICKETS TODAY See student representatives at booth corner of North University & State, or purchase season tickets or individual show tickets at Trueblood Aud. box office, second floor of Frieze, Bldg., off State Street.. ..open 10-4:45 today& 10-8 rest of week. Season subscriptions: All 5 shows: $6:00*, $4.00* 0 I 1 ' A 4 to . 1, tj R to try Opera Department, School of Music M Opera Double-Bill I r , } I I m PUCCINI'S Any 4 shows: $5.00*, 3.50* lilt 1 It 1 I- T 1IftT' 'T 'VINi T! ^Yf'T 'T I I