C1w Aid jilgau iLBat x Seventy-Second Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OP MICHIGAN - UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN. CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS ."Where OpintoneAre Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN Kenna"Iedy Challenge Great* Can He Change History?. Students Protest PRESIDENT John F. Kennedy is a man who enjoys a tough battle, and a tough battle awaits him this fall. He is not one to shy away from a challenge, and a great challenge is on the horizon. Both in family football and in politics, he likes to fight vigorously, and he will have to fight vigorously to increase his Congressional margin. The coalition of Southerners and conserva- tive Republicans that has successfully challeng- ed Democratic Presidents since 1938 has de- feated some of Kennedy's key legislative meas- ures such as medical care for the aged through social security, institution of a department of urban affairs and farm policy changes. As the 1962 Congressional campaign warms up, Kennedy is preparing to visit California, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and other states to campaign for Democrats who support his proposals. He hopes to increase the margin of his support in the House and Senate. But the historical odds are completely against him. SINCE THE CIVIL WAR, the President's party has increased its strength in Congress in an off-year only once-in 1934. And on that lone occasion, the President not only did not campaign for candidates for Congress-he de- liberately stayed out of it! President Franklin Roosevelt did not cam- paign for any individual or even for the Democratic party in general in1934. He acted as if he were above the battle, hoping to at- tract Republican progressives to his side, ac- cording to Prof. Sidney Fine of the history department. The Democrats gained nine seats in the House and nine in, the Senate while the Republicans lost 14 in the House and ten in the Senate. But this was unique, and due greatly to the special circumstances of the time: Americans suffering from the great depression were find- ing answers in Roosevelt's New Deal and were endorsing it. How unique it was, can be ap- preciatel by a look at the Congressional elec- tions before and after 1934. IN 1918 the President's party lost 26 House and six Senate seats. In 1922 the President's party lost 76 House seats and eight Senate seats. The trend continued: 1926: loss of 10 House, seven Senate seats; 1930: loss of 58 House, eight Senate seats; 1938: loss of 70 House, seven Senate seats; 1942: loss of 50 House, eight Senate seats; 1946: loss of 54 House, 11 Senate seats: 1950: loss of 29 House, five Senate seats; 1954: loss of 18 House, one Senate seats; 1958: loss of 47 House, 13 Senate seats. On most of these elections, the President did not take part. But Kennedy will take part, hoping not merely to slow up the tide but to turn it. By the time that most of these elec- tions had arrived, the President's popularity had ebbed a little or at best had not changed much. But Kennedy's popularity has neither ebbed nor remained unchanged: it has surged. Many Americans as they have come to know Kennedy have come to admire him and to feel affection for him. If these Americans see him on the same platform as candidates, speaking on the same issues for the same pro- grams, many will make the trans-identification. BUT HISTORY REVEALS that this is not necesarily so. In the 1926 Congresional election, President Calvin Coolidge actively supported William Butler of Massachusetts for the' Senate. Democrat David Walsh won. In 1918 President Woodrow Wilson issued an appeal to the voters through the newspapers to vote for Democrats. "If you have approved of my leadership and wish me to continue to be your unembarrassed spokesman in affairs at home and abroad, I earnestly beg that you will express yourselves unmistakably to that effect by returning a Democratic majority to both the Senate and the House of Representa- tives," Wilson declared. And the voters evened up a formerly Democratic Senate and switched the majority in the House from the Democrats to the Republicans. In 1938 President Roosevelt took part in the Democratic primaries in four states. He appealed to voters to repudiate party conser- vatives and nominate liberals. He asked Georgian Democrats to repudiate their Sen- ator, Walter R. George, and in Maryland he urged the defeat of Senator Millard Tydings. Both were decisively renominated. In Ken- tucky he asked the approval of Senator Alben Barkley, which was virtually certain anyway, and came. Only in New York was Roosevelt truly successful: John J. O'Connor, the chair- man of the House Rules Committee who had obstructed the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act, was defeated. IN 1954 President Dwight Eisenhower took to the road, campaigning more actively than any previous President had ever done in mid- telm elections. But Eisenhower's immense per- sonal popularity did not transfer to the Re- publican candidates for Congress; voters elect- ed' eighteen less of them and 21 more Demo- crats to the House and changed the majority in the Senate by one vote, giving the Demo- crats control of both houses. Throughout American history the pattern has been that the party of the new or re- elected President has achieved strong gains in Presidential elections but suffered strong losses in off-year elections, even when the President intervened. While on-year elections are both local and national, off-year elections are local, despite attempts by some previous Presidents to make them more national in meaning. This is an obstacle President Kennedy faces. If he can make local elections national in meaning to the voters, then he may be able to get more' Administration-supporting Demo- crats elected. But if he fails in doing this, the anti-Administration segment in Congress will increase, and his enterprising programs will have even less chance of success. THE PRESIDENT will need to keep this problem in mind. He will also have to be sensitive to the national mood. The national mood in 1934 favored change and reform and improvement. The New Deal was providing means to salvage a nation from its most stricken plight and the voters wanted more improvement. Today President Kennedy is building onto the framework of the New Deal, and many Americans feel no particular urge for a better "house," especially if it costs more money. Furthermore, the conditions are not at all as bad; for example, only one-third as many people are unemployed today as were in 1934. Many Americans are hoping for greater Kennedy strength in Congress. It would be significant for the nation if this hope comes true, for we have a President who is far ahead of his times but who is blocked by a Congressional coalition that is lost in times past. Kennedy will have to do his utmost to change the historical trends. -ROBERT SELWA (EDITOR'S NOTE: Former Daily City Editor Philip Sherman is an Engish tutor under the Fulbiight program at Madras Christian Col- lege in India.) By PHILIP SHERMAN Daily Correspondent w RETURNING to their classes in September, University students decided that last May's tuition boost was unfair and went on strike, They organized a Students' Ad Hoc and Action Committee (SA- HAC) to lead the boycott of classes. The matter was debated at length in the state Legislature and in one ugly incident some rowdies stoned Gov. Swainson's auto. After five days of the planned seven- day strike, however, the students called a halt to their action. The story was featured prom- inently in the Detroit and Chicago newspapers and got some nation- al notice, which likely didn't make the public relations department too happy. You're kidding. FOR ANN ARBOR, definitely yes, but such a situation did oc- cur a fortnight ago-about 9,000 miles away. Place: Bangalore, capital of Mysore State, half way up the western side of the Indian peninsula. Conclusion to be drawn: United States students pretty much accept what foreign colleagues would take to the streets for. Moral of the story: U.S. students need not strike,but they could take a clue from overseas and be a bit more concerned about their educational fate. Here are the facts of the Bang- alore strike, as reported by the Madras papers, The Hindu, The Mail and the Indian Express's lo- cal edition. CAUSE OF THE STRIKE was an overall 30 per cent increase in the tuition fees of Mysore Uni- versity, whose academic year be- gan in early July. (India's sum- mer vacations take place in May and June, the hottest months here.) On the first day, student leaders claimed that half the uni- versity's 21,000 students had quit their classes. The Express later called the student body "strong and well-organized" and called the strike "almost complete." The demonstrators, who parad- ed through Bangalore and picket- ed the colleges, sent representa- DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin Is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial 'esponsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN forn to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days preceding publication. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8 Events Extraordinary Bell Concert: The Zvon Ringers, carillonneurs Albert Gerken and Sidney Giles, and conductor Perci- val Price, will present a concert on the Baird Carillon, Burton Memorial jTower, on Thurs., Aug. 9, 7:15 p.m. The Zvon Ringers, all music students, Sidney Boner, Robert Crumpton, Caro- lyn Foltz, Don Grescbh, Frank Kuh- mann, Elizabeth Lamb, James Lee, Ken Noble, Rosalind Price, and Ed Simms, sound the largest bells by pulling ropes. Compositions to be played are by Price, Bach, Rahmannov, and com- posers of the 17th and 8th Centuries. For those listening in cars, the roof of the Thayer Street Parking Structure is recommended, Degree Recital: Eleanor G. Nase, pian- ist, will present a recital on Wed., Aug. 8, 8:30 p.m. in Lane Hall, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Music. She will play the compositions of Bach, Mozart, Pis- ton, Brahms and Debussy. Open to the public. Recital Cancellation: The recital scheduled for Dale Soucek, tenor, for Thurs. evening, Aug. 9, has been can- celled, Opening Tonight: 8:00, Hill Aud., Puccini's "Gianni Schicchi" and Per- golesi's "La Serva Padrona" in Eng- lish, -presented by the U-M Players, Dept. of Speech, and Opera Dept., School of Music. Box office open 10-8 today, with performances running through Fri. night. Tickets $1.75, 1.25 tonight and tomorrow; $2.00, 1.50 Fri. Doctoral Examination for Luong Nhi Ky, Political Science; thesis: "The Chinese in Vietnam: A Study of Viet- namese-Chinese Relations with Spe- cial Attention to the Period 1862-1961," Thurs., Aug. 9, 4609 Haven Hall, at 1:30 p.m. Chairman, R. L. Park. Doctoral Examination for Mohammed Mogawer, Education; thesis: "A Study of the Opinions of Selected High School Students Toward the Ten Imperative Needs of Youth," Thurs., Aug. 9, 3206 UHS, at 3:00 p.m. Chairman, S. E. Dimond. Doctoral Examination for Victor Dale Blankenship, Mech. Engineering; thes- is: "The Influence of Transverse Har- monic Oscillations on the Heat Trans- fer from Finite and Infinite vertical Plates in Free Convection," Thurs., Aug. 9, 1018 Fluids Lab., N. Campus, at 4:00 p.m. Chairman, J. A. Clark. Michigan Christian Fellowship: Will hold a meeting Wed., Aug. 8 in the Student Act. Bldg. It is at 7:30 p.m. In room 528-D. The speaker will be Rev. Sunford Morgan. -T) rrN ~ tives to meet the Mysore state education minister, the official re- sponsible for the government-con- trolled institution. Their demands for repeal of the boost were reject- ed. In India, education is a state prerogative and the relation of the state government to the universi- ties is much tighter than, say, in Michigan. The next day, July 26, the edu- cation minister, S. R. Kanthi, jus- tified the boost in a long figure- filled statement to the Legislative Assembly, lower house of Mysore's Parliament-styled legislature. * * * HIS FIRST THEME was as old as the hills: "The total expendi- ture on the collegiate education is increasing year to year consequent on the revision of scales of pay of the teaching staff and increased cost of equipment and buildings, while the rate of fees in govern- ment colleges has remained un- changed for over a decade." With -increasing outlays for lower edu- cation, the government simply cannot bear "such a high cost of collegiate education" w i t h o u t more revenues. The second theme was a bit more original: the Mysore govern- ment controls other colleges in th'e Madras, Karn-atak and Coorg areas where the rates are higher. A uniform state fee schedule is necessary, and since it was im- possible to lower the other college rates, the Mysore University stu- dents had to foot the bill. This, apparently, was a compelling rea- son for the boost, as the revenue gained is not that large. And the government would face pressures from the higher-fee areas if it did not equalize rates. (The Mail noted dryly and a little unfairly: "'Rationalization' is dear to the bureaucratic heart and obviously the spectacle of stu- dents in Mysore State paying dif- ferent scales of college fees has distressed some souls in the Sec- retariat.") * * * THE MINISTER also resorted to another familiar tactic: comparing state educational systems. The rates in neighboring Andhra Pra- desh and Madras ° States were about the same as the new higher Mysore tuition rate, he maintain- ed, so the boost wasn't unfair. (University strategy is usually to stress how much higher its tui- tions are than other universities, but Executive Vice-President and chief lobbyist Niehuss has a true brother in Mysore's S. R. Kanthi.) Finally, just as any good Re- gent would, Sri Kanthi pointed with pride to the scholarship pro- gram which, he said, would take the bite out of the increase for many needy students. The education minister also ap- pealed for parental sympathy and help in dealing with the striking EuitiOLG students who continued to march through the city. There was no violence, but police prevented one "ugly" incident by apprehending strikers who wanted to drag some other students from their class- rooms. *' * * THE STRIKE continued into the third day as student leaders again met Kanthi and received a prom- ise that the tuition question would be taken up by the Cabinet. The students' major argument was simple; as The Hindu awkward- ly phrased it, "The fee increase had hit hard their parents most of whom were poor." At the cabinet meeting next day, nothing was changed, but Chief Minister Nijalingappa asked for understanding of the govern- ment's problems. He said he would like to see all education free, but the money just wasn't available. ("Low cost quality education" is a slogan which hasn't taken hold around here yet; it would have suited the chief minister's purposes almost perfectly.) On Monday, July 30, the stu- dents suspended the strike, which was supposed to have lasted till Wednesday, as a "gesture of good- will" towards the government. The students hoped to create a calm atmosphere for redressal of their grievances, though they made a "reservation of the future course of action," the Express reported. ie "You must admit, F'm not loading them on as fast as I used to!" THEN ON WEDNESDAY, the strikers called it quits, complete- ly. Their leaders had met the chief minister, but with no results. The Express reported: "The com- mittee in its resolution expressed fullest confidence in the magnani- mity of the chief minister and his colleagues . . ." The committee said it felt it had achieved its major objective of publicizing the situa- tion. A continued strike would not increase public consciousness of the students' problems, and there was always the danger of serious incidents compromising the well- disciplined students' prestige. And there the matter rested. As of August 3 there was no more news. The newspapers were divided in their opinion. Heading its editor- ial "Pointless," The Mail said "the authorities have not yet learned to deal with the students sym- pathetically" and attributed the cause ofmuch student indiscipline and strikes to official intransi- gence. The paper attacked the boost as unjustified. THE EXPRESS welcomed the end of the strike as affording respite for reflection and deplored the fact that the boost had be- come a hot political issue in My- sore. It essentially endorsed the government's position, but moder- ately suggested raising the fees by stages, a plan it later said might be carried out. It added a curious line, not supported by any of its newspage coverage: "The strike is not a spontaneous, widespread or nonviolent as it is claimed to be." The Hindu found the govern- ment's case compelling and took a swipe at student strikers who, it asserted, weren't helping their cause at all by striking. At best, a one-day walkout would have ac- complished the purpose of Indicat- ing a sense of grievance. The editorial darkly pointed to un-named leaders from either in or outside the student ranks who exploited the "gullible boys and girls." It argued: "The govern- ment should . . . see that self ap- pointed leaders who evidently do not take their academic pursuits too seriously don't have a free hand in interfering with those who are anxious to get on with their studies." That line sounded all too familiar-but unlike some of the' other things, the similarity was not so humorous. It's a small world. LETTERS to the EDITOR To the Editor: THERE ARE individuals on the staff of The Daily who claim to be proponents of universal dis- armament and they condemn the Arabs when they launch rockets or build airplane fatories. But why were they silent when Israel intimated that she could produce nuclear weapons, or when she launched rockets last summer, or when she flaunts United Nations resolutions to continue her im- perialistic war of expansion? These same individuals condemn the practices of the Portugese in Angola, the white supremists in South Africa and the OAS atro- cities in Algeria. But why are they silent when Israel supports these butchers with arms sales and her UN votes and when the Herut (the. right-wing Israeli party made up of the followers of the Irgun ter- rorists) collaborates with the OAS? These individuals did not object to the nationalization of proper- ties in Cuba or in 'Brazil. But why do they condemn Nasser for na- tionalizing the Suez Canal Com- pany? * * * THESE INDIVIDUALS claim to despise racialism and fascist attitudes. But why are they silent while the Zionists carry on the Nazi myth that a Jew can not be a Pole, a Russian, a German, an American, an Arab, etc., but only a Jew? These individuals condemned the United States for sending aid to countries like Portugal and France who used it to crush the Algerian and Angolan peoples. But why were they silent when the United States sent aid to the Zionist government of Israel which has ursurped Palestine and dis- placed one million Palestinian Arabs? These individuals object when news sources deliberately mix re- ligious issues with political ones. But why do they themselves mix Judaism, a religious movement, with Zionism, a political move- ment? And why did one individual in particular go to such lengths to find a way to label as "anti- Semitic" the killing by Arabs of OAS members who happened to be Jewish? * * * THESE INDIVIDUALS claim to believe in world society of inte- grated peoples and condemn Eli- jah Mohammads, Black Muslims, fascists and other racialists-who nnnn this ideil INFLATION AT FAULT: America Faces Gold Crisis Anti-Jewish Violence Flares ANTI-SEMITIC VIOLENCE of a type not seen since the late '30's has been plaguing the Jewish communities of Argentina and Uruguay. Unnoticed by the press, a series of swastika painting, branding incidents and vio- lent attacks have been harassing Jews on both sides of the Rio de la Plata. The New York Times has reported that the Buenos Aires paper, El Mundo, has compiled The Wreckers THE INDEPENDENT Research Service need not have spent all the time and money it has to wreck the Communist-sponsored World Youth Festival in Helsinki. The Communists did the work for it. First, the Reds picked hostile Helsinki as the site for the affair. An angry citizenry, condusive to rioting, hardly provides the at- mosphere for a festival designed to promote peace and friendship, Communist style. Once the festival started, the Reds mis- managed it. They played politics with the delegations, upsetting the Ceylonese, the Sen- egalese and the Ugandans who rightly sus- pected they were being used for Communist propaganda. The big bombshell was a 40-megaton nuclear a list of 27 major anti-Semitic incidents in the first half of this year. These include the dese- cration of Jewish building, the throwing of gasoline bombs at Jewish-owned homes and businesses, machine gun attacks and assults. In Uruguay the situation is less severe. THESE INCIDENTS have reached a point where the State Department informally in- dicated its "concern" about them. These attacks, reminiscent of Nazi treatment of Jews in the years beforfe shipping them off to concentration camps and gas chambers, are the result of various anti-Semitic groups using Argentina's current political unrest to their ad- vantage. The nation is badly split and no moral force can be brought against these groups. The organization running most rampant is the "Taccuara," a group composed mainly of high school and college aged youths, which have been involved in a number of violent incidents, but enjoy virtual immunity from arrest, Jewish leaders charge, because of connections with police and military officials. OITHERS ARE the Nationalist Restoration Guard, the Argentine Nationalist Federa- tion, the Anti-Soviet Front, the Shield Or- ganization and the Anti-Communist Intrench- ment. Police crackdowns will provide relief for the citl _ n h1+ -e%+ i __ 11 a et i __ _ _ til By JAMES GREENBERG Daily Staff Writer THE UNITED STATES govern- ment is presently engaged in a grave effort to stem the flow of gold out of the country. If this outflow can not be reversed or at least halted a severe financial crisis must necessarily result. By law, a fixed ratio between the amount of United States cur- rency issued and the value of gold reserves must be maintained. Although United States citizens can not withdraw gold from the national reserves in exchange for currency, it can be withdrawn for purposes of international trade. With this gold, importers are able to pay for goods which they wish to purchase from other na- tions. Likewise foreigners wishing to obtain goods from the United States pay with gold from their reserves. If other nations pur- chase the same quantity of goods from the United States as Ameri- cans purchase from them, the amount of gold being paid out is equal to the amount coming in. That is, there is a "gold balance." UNFORTUNATELY, no such balance is being maintained by the United State's today. Exports eyced imnnrts. This vear the ex- istration seems to be swinging blindly at the consequences of our policies rather than attacking their cause. In short, this deficit in the balance of payments is being treated by the government as if it were the source of our difficulties. The real evil-inflation -is being overlooked. INFLATION is a problem that has long been with us. This is re- flected by the fact that we have had 26 deficits in the last 32 years; in a growth of the national debt from 16 billion in 1930 to 298 billion today; in the expansion of the national money supply from $68 billion total bank deposits and currency in 1939 to $282 billion today; and in a fall of the pur- chasing power of the dollar to less than half of the 1939 level. Yet when the treasury announc- ed the new depreciation schedules for business, it was estimated that the changes would probably mean a tax cut of $1.5 billion the first year. Last year we had a deficit of $6.3 billion, this year Senator Byrd estimated a probable $6 bil- lion in deficit. The question now becomes why do they cut taxes? Ever since Lord Keynes first instructed bureaucrats on the proper behavior in a business cycle, have unemployment in some cases because of the high, even excessive, wage rates in some lines? Then let's soak up all the unemploy- ment by printing more money, by raising everyones cost of living. Let's go on ignoring the desperate need for a sound dollar. Yet, ironically, business does need a tax cut to relieve the heavy burdens imposed by de- mands for higher and higher wages with every inflation cycle. Thus we need an even greater slash in government spending. It is this same rise in production costs and therefore in prices that has under- mined our ability to compete in the international market. American merchants would like to sell abroad, but our high prices are prohibitive. Additionally, ar- tificially low interest rates set by the Federal Reserve Banks makes it less profitable for foreigners to invest here and more profitable for Americans to invest abroad. * * * AMERICAN GOLD has stag- nated at $35 an ounce. It is al- most the only thing that has not risen in price in the past 28 years. During this same period, the value of gold in other nations has fluc- tuated with the fluctuations of the value of the currency.