Survey Shows International Students' ttitudes By DAVID MARCUS Foreign students at the University unanimously agree that the faculty is of a much higher quality than they had originally ex- pected. This is one of the findings of "The 1960 Survey of International Students at the University" done by Sociology-Psychology 185, a class of introduction to survey research taught by Prof. Angus Campbell, director of the Survey Research Center, last fall. The report of the survey states "In light of the increasing con- cern with international understanding, we view this study as dealing with an important question: cross-cultural education in an academic community and the place of the international student." Deals in Three Areas The survey-based on questionnaires sent to every foreign stu- dent on campus, 68 per cent of whom returned the completed forms-' dealt in three areas: 1) A description of the foreign student in terms of sex, country of origin, marital status, etc. 2) An investigation of the social conditions in which the foreign student lives. This includes such questions as where does he live and has he encountered any discrimination? 3) A survey of attitudinal changes. The findings regarding the faculty were a part of the compara- tive attitude study. Least Favorable Response to Students Of all the aspects of the University, foreign students showed the least favorable change in attitude toward the student body. Also, twice the number of blank responses were found in the question about the students. Among other aspects of the foreign student's life, the survey also inquired into the number of American friends each had made in comparison to the number of other foreign students and fellow coun- trymen who were his friends. Western Europeans showed the highest percentage of friendship with Americans, 64 per cent. There is a progressive lessening of such friendships to Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Far East and the Asian subcontinent with only 21 per cent of Middle Eastern and North African students noting friendships with Americans. Nationals Provide Most Friends Findings also showed that these students tend to have the most friends amongatheir own nationals followed by Americans as opposed to any other national group. Western Europeans also reported fewer friends among their coun- trymen while 76 per cent of the students from the Asian subcontinent reported many of their friends were fellow nationals. About half reported that they participated in clubs consisting of their countrymen, while 23 per cent said that they did not have such a club and 14 per cent stated that they did not participate. About 50 per cent reported no participation in clubs outside these national groups. Men Far Outnumber Women In profiling the international student body, the survey, which excluded Canadians and those in the English Language Institute, found a 4.25 to 1 ratio of men to women. This varied with geographical distribution. Southeast Asian men and women are about equal in number at the University while Middle Eastern and North African men outnumber women by about 20 to 1. They also found 40 per cent of the students in engineering, 15 per cent in social sciences, 14 per cent in humanities, 13 per cent in natural and physical sciences, eight per cent in medical sciences with the remainder scattered through other fields. Further, 60 per cent are graduate students, 19 per cent juniors or seniors, nine per cent visiting scholars, six per cent special students and five per cent freshmen and sophomores. There are also geographical breakdowns included in the survey of variation within eight culturally defined areas on each subject. A majority of the students (60 per cent) said that the Univer- sity, overall, was better than similar institutions in their own country, while only four per cent rated it inferior. Only among students from Western and Eastern Europe did the feeling that home universities were better exist in a plurality. While 71 per cent of the students lived in apartments or private homes (most likely single rooms, according to the survey), only 12 per cent of the group reporting said they had encountered discrimi- nation while 86 per cent answered that they had met none. Inquiring into their present ideas about America, the survey found that about half had the "same impression" as before their studies, about one third reported more favorable attitudes, while a sixth showed less favorable ideas about the United States than before. Report Worsened Impressions Latin American and Afghanistanian, Indian, Pakistani and Iran- ian students tended to have the largest group of worsened impressions of America and Americans. Regarding their own social status in America as compared to their native lands, 43 per cent found a lessening, 10 per cent noted See SURVEY, Page 3 HANNAH FACES NECESSARY CHOICE See Page 2 Sir 43Z6F ~E~aitF WARMER High-8'7 Low-64 Chance of light afternoon showers. Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXI, No. 218 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 27, 1961S FIVE CENTS FOUR PAGES Castro To 'Unify' Cuban Revolution t -t- Premier Anticipates Single Organization- Grgarin Pledges Armed Support At Eighth Anniversary Celebration HAVANA (P) - Fidel Castro, assured of "the armed help of the Soviet people," announced last night the Cuban revolution will be unified into a single "socialist" organization. The bearded Prime Minister made his announcement before hundreds of thousands of cheering Cubans gathered in Jose Marti square for celebrations marking the eighth anniversary of Castro's revolution. Commenting on reports he planned a single all-powerful * * Congress * Moves * * To Give Funds Kennedy Requests ACCUSED DIPLOMAT--United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was accused last night of favoring Tunisia in the Bizerte crisis. Hammarskjold had written French Foreign Minis- ter Maurice Couve De Muirville complaining that the French government had not complied with the UN Security Council resolution to withdraw troops to their original positions at Bizerte. Claim Hammar'skjold Partial to Tunisians PARIS OP) - France last night accused United Nations Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold of favoring Tunisia in the Bizerte crisis and said it would be useless for him to visit Paris. Hammarskjold went to Tunisia "at the invitation of the Tunis- ian government," a Foreign Office spokesman said, "without being encharged with any mission by the Security Council." The spokesman May Return Stolen Plane KEY WEST (W)-Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro yesterday offered to return a hijacked East- ern Air Lines plane that landed in Cuba ,hree days ago if the United St; 'es would promise to return plart:s hijacked from Cuba and taken to the United States. He said the Cuban government did not order the seizure because this "is against our principles and we would just be giving an excuse to imperialism for launching an attack against us." Castro said at first the plane would be returned in exchange for a commitment from the United States government to return hi- jacked Cuban planes. Then he said he was demanding the re- turn of all planes hijacked from Cuba in the pastas well as inmthe future. The Cuban Prime Minister said a total of 10 Cuban planes had been hijacked in flight and taken to the United States. Several of these have been con- fiscated to satisfy a judgment against the Castro government in behalf of a Miami advertising firm. FBI Names Man Who Seized Plane MIAMI (P) - A Cuban-born waiter at resort hotels, whose wife thought he was a loyal American, was booked "in absentia" yester- day as the man who hijacked an airliner and forced the pilot to land in Havana. The FBI said that Wilfredo Roman Oquendo was a " secret policeman in Cuba during the regime of ex-President Carlos Prio Socarras, and now is a mem- ber of Fidel Castro's 26th of July movement. 'proletarian party modeled after those in Communist bloc coun- tries, Castro said: Only One Organization "The revolution will have only one organization. This is the meaning of the integration of rev- olutionary organizations." He declared "this process start- ed months ago, but still has not been concluded." Castro spoke after 27-year-old Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin de- nounced the United States and pledged "the armed help of the Soviet people" in what he called Cuba's fight for freedom and in- dependence. Creates Unity Castro said all Cuban organiza- tions - political, military, labor and others - will be united in "the United Party of Cuba's Socialist Revolution." Castro said it is impossible."to reach socialism in 24 hours, In one month, in two years." He said the only way to "reach this just society" is through "work, economic development of the country, increased production and great efforts through progress." Aspire to Justice "Socialism," he declared, "is the consequence of the people's as- piration to justice. We must es- tablish just conditions so that all leaving (Cuba) do it, not because they are not given the opportunity to live here, but because they do not want to live here honestly." Castro admitted there had been cases in agrarian reform and na- tionalization of industries when revolutionary laws "were not so just in their application and regu- lations as they were in their pur- poses." He denounced Cubans fleeing to the United States as "parasites and worms" hoping to find "their old exclusive and aristocratic clubs." But, he said, "they will find they will be discriminated against there as Latins, as Cubans by the Yankee superior race.' The crowd frequently inter- rupted Castro with cheers and shouts of revolutionary slogans. Raise Draft, Ask Billions For Defense McNamara Testifies At Senate Hearings WASHINGTON (P)-The Pen- tagon yesterday made a fast start on President John F. Kennedy's new military buildup as it order- ed a sharp increase in the August draft call and asked Congress for billions of dollars to muster an- other quarter of a million men. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara went before a Senate appropriations subcommittee with plans to "achieve quickly . . . a peak readiness" to respond to any kind of armed Communist ag- gression anywhere in the world. Details Spending McNamara specified how the Defense Department would spend an additional $3,454,000,000 to in- crease the armed forces to a total of 2,743,000 men, arm them with more missiles and otherhmodern weapons, and prepare to send more fighting men overseas swift- ly if the need arose in Berlin or elsewhere. While the Pentagon chief was before the Senate group, the De- fense Department announced it was increasing the August draft call from 8,000 to 13,000. All the draftees will serve in the army. Outlines Plans In outlining partial mobiliza- tion plans Tuesday, Kennedy said draft calls will be doubled or tripled in the coming months. He sent his formal military buildup request to Congress yesterday. McNamara told the Senate sub- committee the September draft call would come to at least 20,000 to bring the Army closer to the new goal of one million men While indicating no immediate callup of National Guard or re- serve units, McNamara asked for legislation that would authorize the President to order to active duty up to 250,000 members of the Ready Reserve. UNITED EFFORT-Senate Republican Leader Everett M. Dirk- sen (left) pledged GOP efforts yesterday to insure that Congress' grants all the money President John F. Kennedy wants to deal with the Berlin crisis. MSU CONTROVERSY: Professor To Lose Pay If He Wins in Con-Con By MICHAEL OLINICK A Michigan State University professor must take a leave of absence without pay to serve as, delegate to the Constitutional Con- vention, but the school's president refuses to assume one for per- forming the same task. MSU Provost Paul Miller yesterday told Prof. Gordon L. Thomas, of MSU's speech department, that he must give up his regular pay Leaders See QuickaAction For Crisis- Republicans To Join Democrats' Attempts To Pass Legislation WASHINGTON (P)-Both Re- publicans and Democrats led a drive in Congress yesterday to give President John F. Kennedy all the money he wants to face the Berlin crisis and he should get it by next week. Senate Republican leaders~met and announced they would help Democrats rush passage of a de- fense appropriations bill swollen by the extra $312 billion request- ed by the President yesterday. "I think the timetable is to have it on the President's desk by next Tuesday night," said Senate Republican leader Everett M. Dirksen of Illinois. May Delay Passage Democrats, however, thought Dirksen optimistic. Some of them said paperwork and debate would delay passage of the bill until late next week. In the House, meanwhile, steps were taken to rush Kennedy's other requests through Congress, Rep. Carl Vinson (D-Ga), chair- man of the House Armed Services Committee, introduced bills cov- ering the President's requests to build up military manpower and equipment. Authorize Actions The bills, among other things, would authorize the President to activate 250,000 reservists, extend enlistments, and buy $958,570,- 000,000 worth of aircraft, missiles, and naval vessels. Most of the drama covering the President's requests will be played in the Senate, where members of both parties praised the Presi- dent's speech to the nation Tues- day night. judge Defers School Order RICHMOND, Va. JP)-A fed- eral judge said yesterday he was not going to enter an order re- quiring the reopening of Prince Edward County's public schools, closed two years ago in a racial dispute. Lloydl Policies Draw Protests In Parliament LONDON () - The govern- ment's new home economy drive stiffened the pound sterling on world markets yesterday but touched off angry shouts in Par- liament and threats of wage strife on the labor front. Protests bellowed across the House of Commons when Selwyn Lloyd, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, spoke in defense of the higher taxes and tighter credit policy he announced Wednesday. Lloyd weathered the uproar and proceeded to outline a vague five- year plan intended to develop the nation's resources. His program boosted taxes on a vast number of consumer goods ranging from cigarettes and beer to automobiles and bedsteads. In addition he raised the Bank of England interest rate from 5 to 7 per cent and thus imposed a strict clamp on instalment and mortgage spending. /' %aid the French government's viewpoint "thus makes any visit to Paris useless." Hammarskjold arrived in Tu- nisia Monday in response to an urgent appeal from Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba that he hold personal talks on the French- Tunisian quarrel over France's huge military installations near Bizerte. -The Foreign Office confirmed reports Hammarskjold tried un- successfully to be received by Adm. Maurice Amman, French comman- der at Bizerte. The admiral "courteously de- clined" the request on instructions from Paris, the spokesman said. He said Hammarskjold's official car was stopped and searched by French paratroopers on the out- skirts of Bizerte yesterday because the UN chief failed to advise French authorities he intended to visit the war-scarred city. checks, if elected to Con-Con.{ Thomas, the mayor of East Lans- ing, was unopposed in the primary election. Explains Position He had asked Miller for a clari- fication of MSU rules that deal "ambiguously" with a professor's relation to Con-Con. "The rules say you don't need to take a leave to run for the office, but they weren't clear what happens if you win," Thomas said last night. MSU President John A. Hannah indicated earlier that he would not take a leave or give up his salary if elected. He said, how- ever, he would not accept the $1,000-a-month, Con-Con salary. "The president's job at an in- stitution like this one yon cannot 'take a leave' from. It's a 24-hour- a-day, seven-day-a-week proposi- tion." Secures Permission Prof. James K. Pollack, of the political science department, said he had secured permission from the Regents to seek office as a Extermination Of Angolans Seen in Congo, LEOPOLDVILLE (R) - Baptist missionaries doing relief work here among refugees from An- gola have drawn up a report charging Portugal with attempt- ing to exterminate all educated Negroes in that rebellion-torn ter- ritory. The report, a copy of which has . gone to the International Red Cross, said large areas of Angola immediately south of the Congo- lese border have been depopulat- ed. Speaking of the fighting, in which both sides have been ac- cused of atrocities, it said: "The evidence is conclusive that a great number of men have been rounded up and imprisoned or shot. "Q.0 4, rin Pmnnel lc. hoe. Hori ,- __ _ i NIKE-ZE US MISSILE: GuidanceEquipment Passes Test ... .R..~A.~M'' %~~~ WHITE SADS MISSILE, ....................................:.::::.....R......... :.......................... ......... ...)-Thewguidancev eq in p. l I