t tat Uatol
Seventy-First Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Where Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

Radock TCe

AGENCY:
AA UP Protests

J.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 19, 1961

NIGHT EDITOR: PETER STEINBERGER


Eiehmann Trial
Settles Debt to History

NOW THAT THE Eichmann trial is no longer
a sensation, but a grim fact of life to which
one becomes accustomed as one does to the
threat of bombs or unemployment, it is possible
to evaluate it in a different light than was
focused on it originally.
The question of the legality of the trial, the
motives behind it and the ethics of possible
verdicts has receded to the background. There
is no more use in arguing whether Israel has a
right, moral or legal, to try. Eichmann; she is
trying him.
There is no more use in debating Israel's
right to convict and sentence him; the sentence
does not matter. Now there is only the fact that
the trial is proceeding and the question of the
effect it is having on the world.
EichInann's testimony has been no surprise
to anyone. It was predicted long in advance
that,he would maintain he was only following
orders and that he was unaware of the full
extent of the atrocities his henchmen were
perpetrating.
WHAT WAS NOT expected in advance was
the effect the trial would have both in Ger-
many and in Israel. It is of course being covered
in meticulous detail by the press of both coun-
tries. For the Germans it is a revelation. Old
accounts and second-hand reports of atrocities
pale beside the endless repetition of inconceiv-
able brutality ticked off in monotonous calm by
the news wires.
Those who thought they knew it all were

wrong. It was impossible to imagine before-
hand, but now-with the television and news-
papers bombarding the consciousness of the
whole world-one can begin to form some sort
of conception of a nightmare world with no
exit.
All Israel begins and ends each day with the
news of the trial. People who survived the
nightmare are telling the stories now which
they have kept locked in their memories for
nearly two decades. One wonders how men can
go on living with such memories, but somehow
the trial begins to make sense if finally they
can break their silence, not just to intimate
friends, but to the entire world.
WHAT IT MEANS is not that Eichmann will
be convicted for his crimes or that his debt
will be paid. There is no equating the deeds of
his department with any sort of justice or
retribution.
It means that the story having been told
once, aloud, those who survived the terror can
die without having the truth die with them.
And those who died-the six million-will not
simply be forgotten. The testimony is not a
funeral service, but it is a public recording of
which the world will be forced to take per-
manent note.
This is all that can be asked and, to those
who doubted before, it is now clear that the
trial was necessary. Eichmann does not matter.
Justice does not matter. Vengeance does not
matter. The debt to history is being paid.
1 -JUDITH OPPENHEIM

By MICHAEL OLINICK
Daily Staff Writer
NEW ADMINISTRATOR'S
first week on campus is much
like a new freshman's-only more
hectic.
Michael Radock, who assumed
duties as director of University
relations on Monday, finds him-
self accumulating as many forms
(which must be filled out) and
books on the University (which
he wants to read) as plague the
incoming student each fall.
Radock's desk is piled high with
histories of the University, this
year's 'Ensian, President's reports
on the state of the campus, copies
of The Daily and a pile of 'de-
manding forms.
The former manager of educa-
tional affairs for the Ford Motor
Company feels he has "more than
the average citizen's knowledge of
the University," but there stiil
remains a great deal for him to
learn.
Though his knowledge of Uni-
versity history and details of its
operation might be analagous to
a freshman's, Radock feels his
requisites are parallel, too. He
knows there are many problems
ahead and that the University sets
high standards it expects people
to meet.
AS A FORMER STUDENT, col-
Radock knew the University as
lege teacher and businessman,
"one of the great universities." He
stressed the leadership role of the
Ann Arbor campus and the "auto-
matic bracketing" of ' Michigan
with the other top names in edu-
cation.
As director of University rela-
tions-and University relations are
public relations-Radock feels his
role is to strengthen this image
of the University and to help it
become a model institution of
higher education.
"The biggest problems we have,"
he said after a long pause, "is to
have not only educators and sister
schools, but the man in the street,

alumni back into the University.
Ie notes a growing trend to in-
vole alumni in college affairs at
levels other than financial appeals.
Some schools are inviting grad-
uates back to take new courses or
to advise the administration on
policies and programs.
A past member of the Alumni
Development Council, Radock
thinks alumni "can play a signifi-
cant role in the University's re-
lations with its friends and its
foes."
Lyle Nelson, outgoing vice-presi-
dent for University relations and
a close friend of Radock's, will
help him get oriented to campus
buildings and campus thought.
Nelson is leaving for Stanford
University for a similar public
relations post.
Radock-who just left one large
institution for another - doesn't
believe the University's complexity
should drive students into feeling
they are nothing but statistics.
"The initial impression you get
is I'm nothing but a number,' but
this feeling changes. Each person
forms his own groups of friends
and associations and realizes he
can never know all the people on
the campus. It's a problem each
individual works out for himself."
TWO DAYS as director of rela-
tions for a large and complex con-
cern like the University is not
long enough to form concrete and
definite programs or initiate
meaningful action.
A man needs time to assimilate
the knowledge of his job and of
his institution, and Radock, not
handicapped by any preconceived
notions he might find impossible
or unwise to implement, is using
his time wisely.
Outside of his nine year stay
with Ford, Radock has spent most
of his adult life in education and
he's happy to be back in it again.
"Of all the challenges facing us,
I find higher education one of the
most exciting and satisfying."

THE ROMANTIC POSSIBILITY of unmasking that tall, crew-cut
boy in your economics class as a private detective has been
snatched away by the American Association of University Professors.
The AAUP's long and often difficult fight to guara'ntee academic
freedom for faculty members rolled over the "sales enthusiasm" of
the William J. Burns International detective agency recently. One
of Burns' 12,000 employees let his initiative get the better of him
and suggested that colleges might want to hire detectives to spy
on professors and/or non-academic people.
A letter under the agency's (world's largest) letterhead went out
from the Houston office to six college presidents in Texas sometime

I

understand the University's unitue
role of leadership and the prob-
lems we face in maintaining the
role. I'm not sure he has that
understanding."
A former public relations worker
at Westminister College i New
Wilmington, Penn., and Kent State
University in Ohio. R" okbe-
lieves that informal channels of
communication often have more
weight in transmittig a ignfi-
cant interpretatin of e Uni-
versity than "official" stemens
do.
"Everyone's job is University re-
lations" is a short ~ay of putting
it.
THIhS BELiEF may explmn
IRadock's hope to integrate the

New Status Symbol

Detective yWork

i

CONSTITUTIONAL CONYE
Exclv i 7"aI e S

TF THE PRESENT trend in John Birch style
name-calling continues, the time is not far
disant when, among campus student bodies
throughout the nation, to be referred to as a
"com-symp.," will become a major status sym-
bol.
Despite the purported "conservative revolu-
tion among the ranks of our nation's youth,"
our universities are still distressingly fraught
with Communist Dupes and Communist Agita-
tors, so much so that the John Birch society is
at present compiling a file on such agents of
the evil Communist conspiracy and all their
crimes.
It is this very sort of activity which gives the
Evangrelism
E UNIVERSITY community sadly lacks the
services of an influential evangelist. The
sophisticated atmosphere of the campus shoves
religion by the wayside, in favor of the so-
called "scientific" method. Devotion to the
secular, to logic, and to the cold steel of the
dissecting table remove God from men's hearts
and leave blasphemous sin in His place.
We need help in a hurry, too. If someone
doesn't convert all those scientists and engi-
nvers pretty soon, Heaven may lose out in the
space race.
-M. OLINICK

conservative movement in the United States a
bad name.
The fact that the Birch Society has been re-
cently placed on the government's list of sub-
versive organizations, which it so abhors, de-
tracts somewhat from the strength of its accu-
sations. But then, they're all Dupes up in Wash-
ington anyway.
W OULD THE conservative movement in the
United States have run aground anyway,
without a John Birch society, to chop holes
in its hull? Would the "Goldwater for 64" cam-
paign have lost its potency without Robert
Welch to ruin its reputation?
Most probably, yes. Conservatism, in the
modern world is a lost cause. Unrestricted free
enterprise and the economic instability brought
abqut by its functioning does not provide the
nation with the economic coordination neces-
sary for successful cold-war competition with
the Soviets.
But .what about "conservative" foreign
policy?
An example of this planning is the infamous
Cuban invasion, a political as well as military
fiasco for the United States. In today's cold-
war ,struggle, where no nation on the face of
the earth, no matter how small, is insignificant,
Teddy Roosevelt's "carry a big stick" policy
can no longer be used successfully because the
stick of our opponents and their friends may
prove to be larger still.
-EARL POLE

(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following
is the second of a six-part analysis
of the issues likely to be consid-
ered at the forthcoming constitu-
tional convention. Primary election
for delegates to the convention is
next Tuesday.)
By JUDITH OPPENHEINI
Daily Staff Writer
QUESTIONS pertaining to the
executive branch of the state
government to be considered at
the constitutional convention seem
to involve essentially five major
topics.
The first question in the minds
of a great many people is whether
lesser state officials ought to be
popularly elected or appointed by
the governor.
At present all the states except
New Jersey elect some percentage
of officials below the rank of gov-
ernor and lieutenant governor, but
they differ on which are elected
and which appointed.
In "The Voter and the Michi-
gan Constitution" Leo C. Stine
points out that methods of selec-
tion vary from election to appoint-
ment by the governor to appoint-
ment by specialized boards and
agencies in some states.
Under present constitutional ar-
rangements, he explains, Michi-
gan's officials are to a great ex-
tent independent of each other
and of the governor.
The governor's power to appoint
and remove officials of newlycre-
ated state agencies is not specific.
Some officials he appoints him-
self, some he appoints with the
consent of the state Senate and
some he selects from candidates
recommended by private agencies.
Those in favor of extending the
number of appointive posts argue
that the governor ought to be
able to appoint all officials who
are logically responsible to him.
They claim the existing system
is confusing and haphazard and
that election and appointment by
other groups of officials who must
work closely with the governor

prevents him f m urng out
his work in a unim ad reo -
sible manner.
Those who favor maintenance
of the status quo and election of
a majority of the sta : offic
fear giving the goerno toomuc
power and see no need to coy the
federal Constitution an this re-
spect. They believe the best gov-
ernments and thloseclosest to the
people are those lere the ap-
pointments are decided by popular
election.
* * *
THE SECGND issue involving
the executive branch s atU of
the removal power of thi gover-
nor. He is not nmow permittd to
remove admistraiie offiCials
while the Legilare is in session.
When the Legislature is not con-
vened, he may remove such of-
ficials but only if he is able to
show cause for doing so.
Those who favor greater ap-
pointive power for the governor al-
so think he ought to be allowed
to remove those responsible to him
and should be able to do so for
administrative reasons as well as
for official causes,
Another question which calls for
clarification is that of adminis-
trative reorganization. At present
there are 120 separate administra-
tive state agencies. Most of them
are in one way or another indi-
rectly responsible toUthe governor,
and are headed by cmisosor
special boards.
Terms of these board and com-
mission members vary greaty and
although a new governor may oc-
casionally be able to appoint some
members, the terms are usually
staggered so that his appointive
power over them and contol over
their activities is very limited.
The executive organization stat-
ute of 1958 enables the governor
to submit reorganization plans for
these agencies to the Legislature.
Perhaps there ought to be a more
uniform method of selecting such

board members or some easier way
for the governor to reorganize or
redirect their activities since they
are indirectly responsible to him.
.K *
H QUESTION of the advis-
:iit of a four year term for
the governor and lieutenant gov-
ernor is one which has been dis-
cussed widely for some time.
The present gubernatorial term
is only two years-which means
that the incoming governor must
spend six months, or one quarter
of his term, working under his
predecessor's budget.
He must also spend a great deal
of time simply learning the ropes,
seeing to details of moving to the
State Capitol and organizing his
program. Almost as soon as he is
effectively underway, he must
either run for re-election or be
replaced by a new governor.
Those favoring a four-year term
for the chief state executive and
the lieutenant governor argue that
if they were elected in non-presi-
dential years, there would be less
chance of their being swept into
office as part of a national ticket
and thus they would be mnore like-
ly to win the election on the mer-
its of their own program.
A last executive issue is that
of civil, service changes. At the
present time administrative con-
trol of the civil service is hindered
because the power of abolishing
civil service positions is vested in
the agency hiring the civil serv-
ant and thus beyond the gover-
nor's control.
In addition, the Legislature is
deprived of its usual ability to
determining compensation for
civil service jobs by mandatory ap-
propriation of funds to the civil
service.
Civil service will present a point
of contention between delegates
who wish to see it more directly
under executive control and those
who wish to consider it more an
independent operation.

this January. "Many colleges and
universities have found that our
services can be very beneficial and
informative," the letter said, get-
ting on to the main point:
"The same system which has
saved countless dollars in business
can be used in your institution to
give youdan inside, on-the-scene
report concerning any practices
detrimental to the institution's
character and reputation.
"Teaching practices can be view-
ed with information from a 'stu-
dent' who is trained to report
objectively on what he or she sees
or hears from the classroom. Al-
most each department has its
controversial member.
"These departments invariably
are: religion, philosophy, psychol-
ogy, English (literature), biology,
history, government, journalism,
speech and drama."
* * *
DISMISSING out of hand any
color or individualism in such dis-
ciplines as mathematics, sociology
and Slavic languages, the Burns
appeal details the private eye's
commitment to his studies:
"A "student' trained in his du-
ties as a Burns operative can
enroll . . . obtain his class sched-
ule . . . attend class and send
daily confidential reports to the
Agency . . . After the necessary
body of fact and information is
developed, corrective steps can be
made quickly, quietly and effi-
cently.
"Burns operators can also be
inconspicuously placed in positions
of kitchen help, laborers, cashiers,
office help, janitors, in any field
where a security problem might
exist . .."
The AAUP's General Secretary
William P. Fidler shot an imme-
diate, angry letter to W. Sherman
Burns, the agency's president. He
scorned the proposed operations as
"entirely inconsistent with every
concept of academic freedom and
academic due process, which repre-
sent the hallmarks and the foun-
dation of the whole system of
higher education" and asked
abandonment of this "type of ac-
tivity."
BURNS' APOLOGY came 11
days later. He said the letter was
sent out without approval of the
local manager and that "steps
have been taken to correct this
to see that there is no recurrence
of it." He said he felt the offer
demonstrated more "sales en-
thusiasm" than "mature thought."
From now on, the agency pledg-
ed, such activity would join ot'her
'off limits' areas like divorce and
anti-labor investigation.
Private investigations of profes-
sors seems bound to continue, how-
ever. The Circuit Riders continue
to publish detailed lists of edu-
cators who have supported what
are termed "Communist or pro-
Communist organizations." Stu-
dent nembers of the John Birch
Society have been accused of spy-
ing on teachers in attempts to
record politically damaging state-
ments. The House Un-American
Activities Committee also has a
record of inquiring too far into
the academic man's precepts.
* * *
THE PROFESSOR will probably
never be immune from the prob-
ings of over-zealous defenders of
what they think is the Nation's
Honor, for the professor is di-
rectly concerned with the training
of young people's minds.
Universities, however, should
realize that the freest exchange of
ideas guarantees (to a greater de-
gree than any restriction could)
the best development of these
youths.

'Surprise'
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
FROM Fidel Castro's Havana, by
way of South American capi-
tals, come lreports these days that
the Cuban public is being prepared
for a "big surprise."
The date for unveiling this su-
prise, say these reports, is July 26,
the eighth aniversary of the start
of Castro's revolution.
And the surprise: the talk in
Latin America is that Castro will
announce to the Cubans the for-
mation of a single political party
-with the participation of the
Communist party.
That would be the final step,
actually, in turning Cuba into a
satellite of the Soviet Union. For
all practical purposes, the Com-
munist party would be the ruling
party in fact, if not also in title.
THERE IS MUCH evidence to
substantiate the report. Sources in
Latin America say that efforts to
send out dispatches about it met
interference from the new Com-
munist-like censorship prevailing
in Havana now. But the word is
out, anyway
The government is preparing a
holiday atmosphere for the occa-
sion-which wil coincide with a
visit to Havana by Soviet space-
man Yuri Gagarin.
The Cubans, during the celebra-
tion next week, will learn a little
more about the joys of living in a
police state rapidly modeling itself
along the lines of a "people's
democracy." Their radios have
told them that an important phase
of the celebration will be "to sa-
lute the glorious day with 100,000
committees for the defense of the
revolution."
RAUL CASTRO, brother of the
premier and the chief of Cuba's
armed forces, has told Cubans a
"defense committee must be creat-
ed in each block, in each working
center, in each cooperative, in
each people's farm, in each farm
district, so there will not be a
single inch of our soil whemle peo-
ple are not defending and fighting
for our socialist revolution.
"The people organized in com-
mittees for the defense of the rev-
olution must defend their country
fighting against illiteracy, unsani-
tary conditions and all the evils
bequeathed to us by imperialism.
They will also win the fight for
production, vigilance, culture and
each of the tasks assigned to us
for the uninterrupted develop-
ment of our revolution."
The key word in all that is "vig-
ilance." The defense committees,
about five to a committee, mean
there will be 500,000 spies for the
government as it turns power over
to the hands of the Communists.
Policy
"IT IS NOT OUR AFFLUENCE,
or our plumbing, or our clog-
ged freeways that grip the imag-
ination of others. Rather it is the
values upon which our system is
built . . . If we are faithful to
our own values . . . we are likely
to find a higher measure of sup-
port abroad. But if we fail our
own values and ideals, ultimately
we shall have failed ourselves ...
-Sen. William J. Fulbright

4

V

COMMUNISM:
Cuban

A

t


i

I

,r

A4

Aid Program Necessary

PRESIDENT KENNEDY this week entered a
critical period in his effort to modernize our
foreign aid system. The objective is, as the
Democratic platform of July, 1960, promised,
"to place our programs of international co-
operation on a long-term basis to permit more
effective planning."
What is the President trying to get Congress
to do? Not necessarily to put more money into
foreign grants or foreign loans but rather to
adopt what Treasury Secretary Dillon has
called "the most efficient and least costly
method of providing development assistance."
The President wants to make such assistance,
as nearly as possible, a unified operation, as
any business man would. He wants to plan
a few years ahead, as any business man would.
THE PRESIDENT-ELECT had a task force
working on this idea last January, before
he was inaugurated. He has submitted it to
the friends of the United States in Western
Europe and received their approval. He has
tried to interest them in providing a certain
'Re-groupmenf
WHAT WAS REPORTED from a Paris gar-
den party has now been confirmed by
President de Gaulle himself. The "partition"
against which the Moslem rebels aroused tragic
demonstrations in Algeria recently is n'ot that
but a prospect of temporary regroupment of
the "Europeans" in the coastal regions until
they can be resettled in France or their se-
curity otherwise protected.

percentage of their own annual gross income
each year for aid to under-developed countries
-perhaps one per cent.
The President suggests a new unit, the
Agency for International Development. Second,
he asks authority to borrow $7.3 billion from
the Treasury during the next five years to
finance economic development loans. This
means he would not have to come to Congress
every year to ask for new authority and new
appropriations for that particular purpose. This
is where the trouble comes. Congress is all
for economy, which the new plan promises,
but is not in favor of letting go any of its
annual control over money.
Speaker Sam Rayburn is on recent record
as saying that in spite of powerful pressures
Congress will realize the necessity for long-
continued planning and will accept the Ken-
nedy plan. If the dollars we give or lend are
to do their utmost for peace and prosperity,
Congress wil have to pass something closely
resembling these proposals.
-NEW YORK TIMES
Copyright 1961, The New York Times
, Not Partition
the poorer hinterland to the Moslems. This
was to be the price the rebellious Moslems
would have to pay for outright independence.
BUT that is not the de Gaulle concept as
he prepares to end the Algerian struggle
on the best possible terms for all concerned.
There is still skepticism among Moslems as
to the meaning of the de Gaulle regroupment

A

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