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VOL. LXXI, No. iS

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 19, 1961

FIVE CENTS

EIGHT PAGES

FIECET

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Warm Reception

Kennedy Consults Chiefs
On U.S. Military Capability
LeMay Urges Rise in Bomber Production
In Testimony Before Senate Committee
WASHINGTON O) - President John F. Kennedy yesterday
summoned his top military and security advisers to secret huddles
to help him decide if America is militarily strong enough - and
if not, what to do about it.
And on Capital Hill, Gen. Curtis LeMay, new Air Force Chief of
Staff, urged that the slowdown in production of manned bombers and

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-AP Wirephoto
NEW MAN IN TOWN-Dr. Richard Helfa-Caulker, newly ap-
pointed ambassador from Sierra Leone, Africa, talks with Presi-
dent John F. Kennedy as he presents his credentials.
NO BLANK CHECK:
Foreign Relations Unit
Denies Kennedy Request
WASHINGTON (A)-The Senate Foreign Relations Committee
yesterday rejected President John F. Kennedy's request for permanent,
unlimited authorizations for military assistance, abroad under the
$4.8-billion foreign aid program.
Instead the committee voted to authorize military assistance this
fiscal year, which started July 1, and next year. It agreed to decide
later this week on ceilings for the two years. The President is asking
" $1,885,000,000 for arms aid this
year in a separate appropriations
;::.,.bill.

DWIGHT DUMOND
... foolish revolt

CSA 'Villain'
In Civil ar
By EARL POLE
The*glory of the Civil War came
not from the battlefield but from
a way of life so rich, full and free
that hundreds of thousands of
men willingly died to protect it.
Prof. Dwight L. Dumond of the
history department explained his
beliefs in this in his lecture yes-
terday, one of the Summer Ses-
sion Series on the Civil War.
It is not easy to forgive the men
who started the war, as it is not
easy to grasp the stupidity in
their thinking that they had much
of a chance of winning. The South
had no industry, communications,
or transportation systems, and it
was based upon a system-slav-
ery-that would contribute to its
fall in any case, he added.
Moral Allies
The moral force of the entire
Western world was arrayed against,
the Confederacy at the outset of
the war, Prof. Dumond said.
Union men paid a vast price for
the abolition of slavery and ulti-
mately to save the United States
from chaos, he said. "Death did
not hunt for them, they went to
seek it out, bearing love of home
and country, hoping to live for
one, prepared to die for the other."
Within a year, the Northern vol-
unteers formed an army, without
class distinctions, which rivaled
the finest in Europe. The army, al-
though never losing faith in it-
-elf or the Nation, lost faith in
the incompetent leadership which
characterized its early years of
fighting."
Finds Good Generals

Kennedy won a victory, how-
ever, when the committee approv-
ed his request for authority to
transfer United States military
and arms equipment, up to the ex-
tent of $400 million, to meet emer-
gencies under the foreign aid pro-
gram. This would be over and
above what Congress votes in di-
rect military aid.
Major Setback
The two-year limit on advance
authority for foreign military as-
sistance was a major setback to
the President's request for long-
range authority for his foreign aid
program.
Still to be voted on is his pro-
posal for a 5-year, $8.8-billion eco-
nomic development loan program.
The President was described as
standing firm on his insistence
that Congress authorize the five-
year program.
"There is no compromise in
sight," Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-
Mont) reported after a White
House conference.
Repeats Stand
Mansfield, the Senate Demo-
cratic leader, told newsmen Ken-
nedy . reiterated his stand for a
five-year program at his weekly
meeting with Democratic congres-
sional leaders.
House Speaker Sam Rayburn
(D-Tex), one of those who attend-
ed, was asked if he thought there
was any chance that Congress
would approve Kennedy's request
for long-range planning author-
ity.
Rayburn replied "we'll get long-
er than one year," but he added
he did not know how much longer.
Kennedy asked for a five-year
program of economic development
loans totaling $8.8 billion, to be
financed by borrowings from the
Treasury.
He said this would make for
more orderly planning.

Code Issued
By Pentagon
WASHINGTON ()-The Pen-
tagon yesterday issued a new code
of conduct, this one telling those
in the military establishment how
they can avoid violating the con-
flict of interest rules.
It also includes some old rules
on receiving gifts and favors and
holding outside jobs.
This is a more detailed version
of a simpler directive Secretary of
Defense Robert S. McNamara put
out last April. Both cover mili-
tary and civilian workers.
Demand New Notice
Among . other things, McNa-
mara's new order requires that a
retired officer-either of the reg-
ular or reserve forces-who had
served on active duty for at least
eight years, must file a notice with
the Defense Department if he in-
tends to sell or help sell anything
to the armed forces.
A three-page form must be
filled out, giving full details of
military service and present em-
ployment bya contracting firm.
The new directive also includes
civilian employes of the Defense
Department under a prohibition
against using official titles in ad-
vertising or other publicity. This
prohibition had previously ap-
plied only to military officers on
active duty.
To Inform Public
Purpose of the prohibition is to
prevent the public from being led
to believe that the Defense De-
partment endorses any particular
enterprise or product.
A single, common definition of
what constitutes negotiation for a
sale or contract with the armed
forces also is established. Until
now, each of the separate armed
services had its own version.
The new directive also contains
provisions in earlier versions deal-
ing with gifts, favors or other in-
fluencing acts.
Indian Troops
Kill Katangese
ELISABETHVILLE, Katanga (A)
- Indian troops of the United
Nations command clashed with the
Katanga gendarmerie in North
Katanga Monday night, a United
Nations spokesman announced
yesterday.
A Katanga government spokes-
man said two Katangese were
killed and one wounded in the
incident in the town of Nyembo.
UN sources said they had no re-
ports of casualties.
Conor Cruise O'fBrien, UN repre-
sentative in Katanga, told news-
men that Katanga gendarmerie
attacked Indian troops manning a
roadblock and that the Indians
returned fire in self-defense. The
gendarmerie had objected to the
roadblock in their controlled area,
he said.
A Katanga spokesman later
claimed the Indians opened fire
first with mortars. He asked for
an inquiry.

fighters be reversed to give more
versatility to United States air
power.
Among other things, LeMay told
a Senate subcommittee he wants
$525 million for another wing of
long-range B-52 bombers and
$448 million extra to push develop-
ment of the huge supersonic B-70
bomber. The general said he also
wants to retain 11 squadrons of
Air Force B-105's with 25 in each
squadron, for close support of the
army in combat.
Announce Session ,
A late afternoon session of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff yesterday
was announced on short order. And
Kennedy summoned the National
Security Council to meet this
afternoon.
The White House meetings are
part of the urgent reappraisal of
the nation's ability to face up to
new Soviet threats to world peace,
which Kennedy ordered 11 days
ago. The detailed study under-
taken by the Pentagon is expected
to be completed by late this week,
the White House said.
Exactly when Kennedy will make
his decision and announce any
steps he considers necessary was
uncertain. But action was expected
within the next couple of days.
Seek Conventional Power
The study is aimed primarily at
determining if America's armed
forces are adequate for conven-
tional warfare in the face of So-
vietdemands over Berlin and Rus-
sia's announcement that it is halt-
ing a cutback in its armed forces
and is stepping up military spend-
ing.
The United States military
chiefs are pictured as concerned
only about United States conven-
tional, or non-nuclear, capabilities
-feeling that the nation's nuclear
posture is satisfactory.
The most immediate question
being pondered by the Pentagon-
and Kennedy-is whether to call
up National Guardsmen and re-
serves. The President can mobilize
up to one million, without asking
Congress, provided he declares a
limited emergency.
May Ask Increases
Another major question is
whether he will ask Congress for
more money. Sen. A. Willis Robert-
son (D-Va), acting chairman of
the Senate Defense Appropriations
Subcommittee before which LeMay
testified, told newsmen Kennedy
had informed him the world crisis
is "a very real one" and that a
supplemental appropriations bill
would be sent to Congress before
the weekend.
Robertson gave no details, but
said a top level conference would
be held on it today.
It was obvious that the military
review was a prime consideration1
at Kennedy's meetings with the
joint chiefs and the security coun-
cil. Presidential press secretary
Pierre Salinger said "I under-
stand it is one of the things to
be discussed today."
Kennedy held his weekly meet-
ing with Democratic congressional
leaders yesterday morning, but
Senate leader Mike Mansfield said
possible mobilization was not dis-
cussed. Mansfield said information
about such a call-up seemed to be
coming from the Pentagon without
White House sponsorship.

Tunisians Oppose French
At Southern Frontier Fort
TUNIS 1P)-Tunisian troops and civilians surrounded the big
French base at Bizerte early today. Volunteers were reported moving
into the French-held Sahara to the South.
Shortly after midnight, it became obvious that President Habib
Bourguiba was determined to carry out his threat to isolate Bizerte
and plant the Tunisian flag in the Sahara. A government officialj
said grimly: "It appears that a show of force will not be avoided
between French troops and thej

Spaceman Waits;
Blast-Off Today
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (P) - to undergo his final physi
Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom's pro- amination and begin donn
jected rocketride into space was 20 pound, silver space suit f
given a go-ahead for today. orbital flight.
The decision means that Gris- Waiting Missilemen
som will be launched, if all goes The missilemen had beer
well, at 8 a.m. (EST). ing for reasonably clear %
Walter Williams, project offi- before making the final de
cer, gave the go ahead after a A high wind swept off t
post midnight meeting of scien- lantic Ocean shortly after
tists and technicians at the block- yesterday and swept away t
house near the launching pad. and dirty grey clouds whit
NASA Announcement hung over the area since d
The announcement by the Na- A Mace-B guided missi
tional Aeronautics and Space destroyed in a cloud bank;
Agency came at 12:45 a.m. day because of a failure
Weather forecasters said in the ground support equipment
launching area, it will be partly made it impossible to det
cloudy with occasional scattered the rocket performance.
showers. In the recovery area down The failure occurred shor
range, "scattered to broken clouds er the swept-wing rock
are forecast." - launched from a protecte
Over the launch area, high cir- crete shelter. The Air For
rus clouds at 35,000 feet were ported the Mace-B disap
predicted. swiftly in low-hanging cl
Begin Fueling the same ones which cause
Launch director Dr. Kurt De- ponement of Grissom's spac
bus ordered the immediate begin- earlier yesterday.
ning of loading of liquid oxygen When the ground instri
at 12:35 a.m. (EST). The main failed, the range safety offi
fuel, high-powered kerosene, was noalternative but to destr
loaded into the rocket's fuel tanks 44-foot missile.
Monday. Grissom was ready to
The announcement by the Na- was his capsule and the R
tional Aeronautics and Space Ad- rocket that will fire the ast
ministration came after a previous and his spacecraft on a 11E
24-hour delay caused by bad high course out over the A
weather. Heavy clouds had forced
Under the program Grissom was ponement of the launch fro
to be awakened at 3 a.m. (EST) ly yesterday.

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Laotians Plan
New Coalition
VIENTIANE, Laos (R)-Premier
Prince Boun Oum yesterday ac-
cepted neutralist Prince Souvanna
Phouma's suggestion that the
three Laotian princes meet at
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, for pre-
liminary talks on setting up a
coalition government.
Information minister Bouavan
Norasing said the pro - Western
premier cabled his acceptance to
Souvanna who recently underwent
surgery in Paris and had ruled out
Luang Prabang, the royal capital
in northern Laos, as a site because
of his health.
He added that the government
also cabled Prince Souphanouvong,
Communist-line Pathet Lao chief,
urging him to come to the Cam-
bodian capital.
Souphanouvong said yesterday
that the meeting should be held
at Ban Namone, a village in Laos
where talks have been underway.

Tunisian people."
Move South
The volunteers were moving to-
ward marker No. 233, 25 miles
south of Tunisia's southernmost
tip, where there is a French mili-
tary post.
This part of the Sahara is in
dispute, and Bourguiba accused
France of violating the treaty of
1957kby keeping a garrison at the
marker.
Bourguiba set today as the start
of a siege of Bizerte in an ef-
fort to force France to negotiate
on withdrawing its forces from the
base.
Refuses Talks
France has said it would refuse
to negotiate for withdrawing from
Bizerte under threats. The .French
retained use of the base under the
treaty of 1957.
Late yesterday, Frenche charge
d'affaires Raoul Duval handed
Bourguiba a note from President
Charles de Gaulle.
A Tunis radio broadcast said the
note "brought no elements that
could ease the tension."
The broadcast added that de
Gaulle "seems to ignore the fact
that independence gives Tunisia
the right to demand the liberation
of all its territory."
Paris Silent
Oficially, not a hint has been
made in Paris to indicate how de
Gaulle intended to solve the cris-
is in France's relations with its
former North African colony, the
gravest since the 1958 bombing of
a Tunisian village by French,
planes.
Throughout yesterday, volun-
teers mobilized by the ruling Neo-
Destour Party poured into Bizerte
about 35 miles northwest of Tu-
nis. They chanted "es-silah"-
arms-and "al jilah"-evacuation.
Ambulances were parked near
hastily-erected road blocks. Loud-
speakers blared martial music.

CHARLES W. JOINER
...information, please
West ]Europe
Starts Group,
BONN, Germany W)-Leaders of
the six European common market
countries decided yesterday to
create a new institution aimed at
promoting their political unity in
the face of danger "that threat-
ens the existence of Europe and
that of the entire free world."
Wording of the agreement by
France, West Germany, Italy, The
Netherlands, Belgium and Luxem-
bourg carefully left the door open
for other nations-including the
United States-to join the six in
working toward closer political co-
operation.
The group decided to meet reg-
ularly "to give the unity of their
people a statutory character with-
in the shortest possible time."
Reach Agreement
French President de Gaulle,
West German Chancellor Ade-
nauer and the premiers of the oth-
er four nations reached the agree-
ment in a little summit confer-
ence. European defense and rela-
tions with Africa and Latin Amer-
ica also were on the agenda.
The agreement of the leaders,
whose widely different views long
had delayed closer political coop-
eration, was regarded here as a
step toward closer unity in conti-
nental Europe.
The resolution stressed "the
convictio nthat only a united Eu-
conviction that only a united Eu-
rope is in a position-when united
free peoples-to meet the dangers
that threaten the existence of Eu-
rope and that of the entire free
world."
Try to Reassure
The wording was obviously in-
tended as reassurance to Britain
and other members of the seven-
nation European Free Trade As-
sociation that they were not be-
ing shut out.
But it was made clear there
would be no special concessions
to outsiders-such as Britain long
has been seeking,
"It is the wish," the resolution
said, "that other European coun-
tries may enter the European Un-
ion, providing they are ready in
all fields to assume the same re-
sponsibilities and obligations (as
the present member nations).
Britain is under rising pressure
from its Commonwealth trading
partners to stay out of the com-
mon market and maintain their
trade preferences. But leading
voices within Britain want the na-
tion to join and take advantage
of the vast markets of continental
Europe that eventually will be vir-
tually closed off to outsiders by
tariff walls.
Iraq Rules Out'
I ntervention

Group Seeks
To Provide
Inf ormation
Joiner To Co-Ordinate
Activities Designed
To Answer Questions
By MICHAEL OLINICK
The University appointed an 11-
member task force yesterday to
coordinate campus resources for
the Constitutional Convention.
Vice-President and Dean of Fac-
ulties Marvin L. Niehuss named
Prof. Charles W. Joiner of the
law school to head the University's
efforts to provide information the
con-con delegates may desire.
Prof. Joiner said last night that
the main task force-whose work
begins immediately-has no inten-
tion of intruding in the preroga-
tives of the convention.
Reasonable Way
"We are seeking a reasonable
way of marshalling the resources
we have so we can establish an
orderly procedure to handle the
requests which may come in."
The main activities of the group
will center around the cenvention
and its personnel. "The University
will continue to inform the citi-
zens about con-con matters, but
that is not our central task," Prof.
Joiner said.
The members will gather, an-
alyze and summarize scholarly
studies prepared by local faculty
and staff and others on subjects
that may be considered by con-
con.
Catalogue Personnel
They will also "catalog" Uni-
versity personnel who "can bring
scholarly thought to the delibera-
tions of the convention and to
assist in making these resources
available to the convention. -A
third duty of the force-is the initi-
ation of studies to aid in planning
for the convention "in any way to
bring light and information to
bear upon the many problems
faced by it"
Prof. Joiner said con-con might
call many University people . to
testify at its meetings and to ad-
vise the delegates. "A great many
people here have given substan-
tial thought to the state's problem,
and occasionally these thoughts
have found publication. We will
try to coordinate these resources."
Prof. Joiner said the task force
itself 'would have no interest in
"lobbying" for the University on
such questions as constitutional
status of state-supported colleges,
but would try to find materials
on these problems.
State Objects
TO Newburgh
Welfare Law,
NEWBURGH, N.Y. (ms')-- The
state attorney general 'moved in
Yesterday to try to block this citys
drastic new welfare cutback code.
At the same time there were re-
ports of a possible strike of social
workers against the controversial
regulations.a
"We find no justification what-
ever for the 'measures Newburgh
proposes to adopt," said the state
Social Welfare Board as it wound
up consideration of the new code
at a two-day meeting at Saranac
Lake, N.Y.
The board directed Atty. Gren
Louis J. Lefkowitz to prevent New-
,burgh from going ahead with wel-
fare rules the state regards as i1-
legal. He immediately replied that
he was assigning an investigator
to look into the matter.

Board chairman M y le s B.
Amend said in behalf of the board:
"Newburgh may have some gov-
ernmental problems. But public
,:welfare is not among them. We re-
iterate our concern in the face of
rising welfare costs and restate
our determination to prevent
waste in public welfare expendi-
tures. Whenever a community has

FROZEN OFFICIALDOM:
'The Bedbug': A Biting Satire on Russia

By ELAINE CLELAND
"The Bedbug," a satire on Soviet politics written by Vladimir
Mayakovsky, will be presented tonight by the University Players at
the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.
Directed by Andrew Doe, the two-act play is fast and unusual.
The first act deals with a biting satire of the Russian bourgeoisie and
political society of 1928. The second act flies into 1979 to show the
comical results when a post-Revolutionary Russian "find" is made.
This frozen relic turns out to be a 1928 Russian official and his
companion, a bedbug. This leads to a comparison of the two creatures
that is again filled with satire.
Audience Included
One of the most interesting aspects of the play is the inclusion

DAMASCUS. Syria AP -Premier
Abdel Karim Kassem of Iraq last
night ruled out any Arab League
mediation in the dispute over Ku-
wait in a speech bitterly assailing
Britain for sending troops into
the oil rich sheikdom.,

a -,