KENNEDY INFLUENCED BY NEUSTADT See Page 2 Y Sir iga D~ait THUNDERSTORMS aigh--88 Low--61 Rain in morning; clear, warmer. Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXI, No. 27S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 FIVE CENTS FOUR PAGES HINTS COOPERATION: Tunisia Offers Negotiations Kenedy Signs e ew Berlin TUNIS (A) - -Tunisian Presi- dent Habib Bourguiba yesterday openly invited France to settle the Bizerte dispute through negotia- tions. He hinted that future coopera- tion between the two countries is still possible. The Tunisian president also ap- pealed indirectly to the United States to put pressure on France to induce it to negotiate on grad- ual evacuation of its troops from the big naval base at Bizerte. He promised a "reasonable evacuation calendar" and said once the problem is solved "we could start again the work of con- struction." Strikes Optimistic Echo Bourguiba's statement struck an optimistic echo among Western diplomats in the Tunisian capital. His speech was seen as by far the most conciliatory and con- structive since Tunisia's pressure on France to pull out of Bizerte exploded into bloody fighting which claimed at least 670 Tu- nisian lives. Bourguiba's frequent references to President John F., Kennedy's statement on underdeveloped countries were seen as another sign that the Tunisian statesman is still counting on the West. Realizes Washington Position Kennedy, Bourguiba said, "is a sincere man, a man who believes in what he says." He said he re- alizes that America's alliance with France puts Washington in a deli- cate situation. Bourguiba promised to stop Tu- nisia's diplomatic drive against France at the United Nations if the French agree to negotiate on withdrawal of their troops from Bizerte. Asian and African diplomats at UN headquarters were close to signing up the majority of mem- bers needed to call a special Gen- eral Assembly session. It appeared the Tunisians were using this threat of a UN condemnation as a lever to bring France to the bargaining table. Bourguiba warned that if France fails to negotiate, he would be forced to pursue his proposed plans. He admitted that the con- sequences of a UN showdown could be grave and hinted that he hopes the United States will see that they are avoided. In Washington Adlai Stevenson, United States ambassador to the United Nations, told newsmen a solution of the Tunisian crisis will not be easily found but said "it's possible." He made the remarks after talking with President John F. Kennedy and said he would brief the President more fully over the weekend. Premier Aims ForReversal Of Secession LEOPOLDVILLE () - The new premier of the Congo promised yesterday to reverse the secession of. Katanga province "in the days immediately to come," and the United Nations said it will not stand in his way., Cyrille Adoula, head of the new coalition government, said in an OPEN INVITATION - Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba offered France a chance to hold direct negotiations aimed at settling the Bizerte crisis. His talk was broadcast over national radio. CUBAN BOUND: Arizona Hijacekers Fail To Kidnap Jet A irliner By 1Lhe Associated Press EL PASO - A gun-waving Arizona youth and his father yes- terday staged an abortive attempt to hijack a jet passenger plane and take it to Cuba. A punch by a border patrolman ended the chaotic adventure nine hours later. Gunfire at one point blew out the plane's tires and engine and blocked an attempt to takeoff from International Allies Claim Reds Thwart Flow Of Workers Russians Receive Big Three's Letters BERLIN (') - The Western Big Three occupying powers asked the Soviet Union yesterday to end restrictions without delay on free movement of commuting workers into West Berlin from Communist East Germany. Generals commanding the Unit- ed States, British and French troops in Berlin sent identical let- ters of protest to the Soviet com- mandant, Col. Andrei . Solovyev. There was no immediate indica- tion of reaction. The Russians usually say they have no authority over East German Red officials, who are taking sharp action against people under their control with jobs in West Berlin. Grab ID Cards Communist police during the day grabbed identity cards from some commuters and sent them home. These measures have so far suc- ceeded with only a small number of the border-crossing commuters. Most of the estimated 80,000 man- aged to get to their jobs. How long they will be able to do so is not clear. West Berlin authorities said about 800 have given up their jobs. Cite Objects The three generals said the ac- tion against the commuters is in- consistent with Western-Soviet agreements, objectionable on hu- manitarian grounds, and bound to worsen the atmosphere in Ber- lin. "The declared aim of these measures," they wrote. "is to in- timidate these people into giving up their work in the western sec- tor of Berlin.. "I therefore request you to give your attention to this situation and bring about without delay the termination of the restrictive measures which affect the work- ing population of Berlin." Take New Action West Berlin officials said, mean- while, the East German police had taken new action to force East German townsmen near Ber- lin to give up jobs in West Berlin. They said the police had started picking up the identity cards of such East Germans and issuing them special ones barring them from Berlin. In the harassment of the whole group, the East German regime already had: Warned the commuters they must register; Told them they cannot live in new apartments; Forbidden them to buy such East German items as cars, motor- cycles, washing machines and other heavy consumer goods; Threatened to bar their children from day nurseries and higher schools and Run a press campaign, threat- ening to make them pay for rents and public utilities in Western currency, which is worth almost five times as much as Communist money. Fili PREPARATION-Ground crews of the Air National Guard's 113th Tactical Fighter Squadr a F84F fighter aircraft after being put on alert by the Defense Department. Defense actio boost yesterday when Kennedy signed a military equipment authorization bill. Rus Sets Conditons foT6 WASHINGTON (A)--After con- ferring with President John F. ister Antonio Segni before return- Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean ing to the United States about Rusk said yesterday the Western Aug. 10. allies will be ready to discuss Ger- United States diplomats were many with the Soviets provided especially interested in Soviet "There is peace in there is no need to d Rusk said. "There is i West Berlin and we ca there is no loss of freedom for West Berlin. Rusk received last-minute in- FAA To Let Crews Arm WASHINGTON (A) - Commer- cial airline pilots and crews were authorized yesterday to carry guns to prevent any more hijackers fromseizing American planes. The Federal Aviation Agency authorized the arming of crews soon after two hijackers, who took over a jet airliner at gunpoint, surrendered to federal officers at El Paso, Tex. Najeeb E. Halaby, FAA adminis- trator, said crew members should be armed "only when they have recent training and demonstrable proficiency" in using sidearms. The federal authorization drew a critical response from, a repre- sentative of the Air Line Pilots Association, John Carroll, who said pilots were unenthusiastic about the idea. He claimed the safety value of arming crews was dubious because of the great hazard involved in firing a gun in a pressurized air- plane. The announcements reflected FAirport here. Asst. United States Attorney Larry Fuller identified the hijackers of the Continental Airlines Boeing 707 jet as Leon Beardon and his son, Cody Bear- don from Collidge, Ariz. Charged with kidnapping and transporting a stolen plane across state lines, each was held under $100,000 bond. The $5 million jet - headed from Los Angeles to Houston with stops at Phoenix and El Paso - carried 67 passengers and a crew of six, including the hijackers, when it set down in pre-dawn darkness in this far west Texas city to refuel. Sitting quietly and unidentified among the passengers, and then volunteering as a hostage was Border Patrolman Glenn Gilman. After all other passengers and crew men hadl been released and when the older man dropped his guard, Gilman slugged him with a blow that laid open the man's face. Discoverer 28 Misses Orbit VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. W)-Discoverer 28 shot aloft, but failed to orbit and' apparently dropped in the ocean last night. Air Force officials blamed tech- nical difficulties. They said the satellite did not appear in orbit on schedule.. The satellite was loaded with specialized instruments. structions from Kennedy at a 1%'A- hour White House session before heading for Paris and a meeting with the foreign ministers of Brit- ain, France and West Germany. The United States foreign af- fairs leader set forth twin themes of firmness and readiness to ne- gotiate in a pre-departure state- ment. The Western Big Four foreign ministers are gathering in the French capital Saturday through Monday to strengthen Allied pre- paredness on Berlin. Rusk said he also will stop in Milan to see Italian Foreign Min- Khrushchev, Fanfani Meet MOSCOW I)-Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Italian Premier Amintore Fanfani agreed yester- day a negotiated settlement of the Berlin problem is possible, but apparently they moved not one inch toward it. Khrushchev repeated his warn- ing that if an agreed solution is not reached he will sign a peace treaty before the end of the year with East Germany "to regulate" the Berlin situation. As the two wound up their talks, Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko handed notes on the Berlin situation to Moscow envoys of Britain, France, West Germany and the United States. The notes, the contents of which were not immediately disclosed, replied to Western notes delivered July 17 contending that millions of lives are being endangered by Soviet threats to West Berlin. Premier Nikita Khrushchev's lat- that freedom to be u est statement that whatever guar- or destroyed .. . antees the West want for West "We ourselves and Berlin would be included in the would like to see an im peace treaty he proposes to sign in the status quo . . b with East Germany. Rusk's state- not admit to a chan ment exuded a tone of moderation status quo at the cost and willingness to negotiate, and freedom." British Parliament Bac Common Market Entry 4easure Proes Legislation To Increase U.S. Efforts Senators Consider $4.5 Billion Budget To Boost Defenses WASHINGTON ()-Legislative machinery that is pumping an added $4.5 billion into a stepped- up United States military effort whirred on at high speed yester- day. President John F. Kennedy sign- ed an authorization bill permit- ting him to spend almost $1 bil- ._ lion on military equipment while the Senate moved swiftly toward passage of a record peacetime de- fense budget of about $47 billion. The money measure before the Senate went almost $1 billion be- on check yond the $3.5 billion Kennedy ask- ns got a ed to implement a build-up of United States military might - especially in ground forces - in lhs the face of fresh Communist Tithreats to West Berlin. Votes Appropriations The House already had voted defense appropriations of about Berlin and $43 billion before the President isturb it," called for the expanded program. freedom in The bill as revised by the Senate will go back to the House which nnot allow is expected to concur quickly in ndermined the added spending. The bill authorizing the Presi- the West dent to spend an extra $958 mil- provement lion to arm and equip the new ut we can- forces was signed less than 24 ge in the hours after the House completed t of peace Congressional action with a vote of 403 to 0. Earlier, both houses swiftly gave the. Chief Executive the authority k G he requested to call to active duty up to 250,000 national guardsmen and reservists and to extend by 12months the service periods of 7' men now on duty. Signed Quickly st night to This authorization bill also was n Common signed quickly so final aproval of Kennedy's over-all program now needs only passage of the actual arold Mac- appropriations measure and that ined. The is expected within a few days. Pros- pects are good that the whole he way for complex legislative operation will terms of be completed within two weeks of the time Kennedy asked for the build-up. The only real discussion o the huge defense budget bill in the Senate centered on the effort of Sen. William E. Proxmire (D- Wis) to eliminate $525 million for continued production of B52 jet bombers. Proxmire argued that Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara has said this money is not needed and he probably will not use it even if appropriated. The added money for planes is part of almost $1 billion the Sen- ate appropriations committee add- ed to the President's requests for $3.5 billion above the original de- fense budget. Insist on Retention Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo t a former Air Force Secretary, was y f among those insisting on reten- ' '~' tion of the $525 million for bomb- LLAN ers. He argued that, unlike nu- proves clear missiles, they can be used in limited warfare. Symington questioned also Mc- Namara's competence to judge whether more bombers are needed. He called the secretary able and iots " "1"* "'' intelligent but noted McNamara 1, has been on the defense job only ice a few months and Senators should heed the advice of colleagues "who have been in this for years." Chairman Richard B. Russell (D-Ga), of the Senate Armed lub-swing- Services Committee, joining in d through opposing the cut. day, break- -# cutive all- he baleCongress Acts ns injured, On Farm Bill en and 8 d camera- WASHINGTON TA') - Congress oke out in lost no time yesterday in voting shinari dis- final passage of a compromise farm bill and sending it to Presi- men have dent John F. Kennedy. LONDON (A') open negotiations - Parliament voted overwhelmingly las for British entry into Europe's six-natio Market, a bloc led by West Germany and France. The House of Commons millan's proposal by 313-5. House of Lords voted 86-17 supported Prime Minister Ha The Labor opposition absta for the proposal. inauigural address to parliament he indignation stirediVwasp that Katanga President Moise ington by the latest hijacking. Tamnarcflarr ad intccr Tshombe and Belgian business in- terests in Katanga have done "a great wrong against the Congo." He declared t h a t neither Tshombe, nor the Union Miniere (the Belgian mining company in the province) "nor the Belgians behind the Katanga secession can prevent the Congolese people from recovering their rightful heri- tage." Because of Tshombe's continued refusal to cooperate with the cen- tral government in Leopoldville, none of his supporters was given places in the new cabinet. A deputy premiership went to a north Katanga leader who is Tshonbe's political enemy. Adoula nevertheless said his 42- member government takes in "all the regions and the political ten- dencies of the land." Though Adoula was named by President Joseph Kasavubu, many in the government are former supporters of Kasavubu's old foe, the late ex- premier Patrice Lumumba, Quadros Orders 'IT T Tb T1empers iared ana words grew bitter in Congress as clerks rushed reports of 'the latest hijacking to senators and representatives. Most of the anger, however, was aimed at Fidel Castro, for most members of Congress assumed his Cuban regime was behind the El Paso hijacking. The decision after two days of brisk debate opened th Britain to engage in talks, probably in October, on the trade that will have to be met. The problem for Britain is to in- tegrate its tariffs, customs anda excises, its imports and exports, with its commitments among the Commonwealth nations.< Parliament thus endorsed Mac-N millan's plea to the British people to cast off their traditional iso-A lation from the Continent and r seek to share in the prosperity the Common Market has brought its members. The British go-ahead probably will give impetus to similar moves among Britain's partners in the European Free Trade Association the seven-nation trade bloc Bri- tain set up as a counterweight to the Common Market. The Labpor opposition to the pro-F posal was based on two questions: . F 1) The government had allowed trade with the Commonwealth to HAROLD MACMI deteriorate rather than create a . .. Parliament app free trade zone, and 2) Under alleged American in- fluence, Britain was being pushed SLUMS: into the European Econ'omic Com- munity (EEC) at the risk of los- O k R ing its political sovereignty. Macmillan's conservatives in the Parliament asserted that Britain ]Brng P' must join a European community for trade or else find itself outsidet Western world councils when poli- tical decisions are made. Deputy Foreign Minister Edward Heath OSAKA, Japan (P)--C rejected the charges of American ing policemen charge influence as untrue and unjusti- Osaka's slums early tod fiable. ing up a third conse The Conservative majority it- night riot. self was split slightly on the issue, Officials expect anot but in the showdown there was no tonight. problem for the government. Police list 551 person including 389 policem Japanese newsmen an Salinger Denies men, since fighting br the poverty-stricken Ni Times CIA Story trict Tuesday night. Six thousand police CIVIL WAR REACTIONS: Defeated South Wrote 'Idealized' Books The vanquished South gave rise to an "idealized" post Civil War Tu..;: .: :::literature that had no counterpart in the victorious North, a panel 9of English professors agreed last night. For the authors of a defeated Confederacy, literature became a means to "freeze" the past and elaborate upon it. The image of S"?>an idyllic existence of the "Ole South" was reinforced over and over again, Panel Views Literature Associate Dean of the literary college James H. Robertson moderated a panel which included Professors Robert Haugh and Marvin Felheim, both of the English department. Discussing a wide range of topics with them was Prof. Arlin Turner, chairman of thej ? English department at Duke University. ._ horcll nn n ir.torv in the. Northern r'mnS m I