Si mty-Tbird hT Enu * MxAuAzm w $ySTUENTs o Ts UN rv cswrrY o FI MIcAw -1WM AUTMOMI Of BARDI4 i CoNmTOL CW S"MDENT POtmATzrNs "wbero dinie --Ar $SvomiS T NPMATIONS BtG., Awtr ADox, Mrcm., PfoN! wo 24241 Truth Will Prevail"' Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. TUESDAY, JULY 14, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT HIPPLER EUROPEAN COMMENTARY Italy After Boom BILTHOVEN, HOLLAND - During the last ten years, Europe has gone through a period of tremendous boom. But political and economic periscopes all over Europe report that the end is in sight. Already, Switzerland and Germany have introduced financial brakes to make the changeover from boom to stability as smooth as possible. And Charles de Gaulle of France is in the process of advertis- ing his.own stabilization plan. But a few countries are running the danger of a grand recession as soon as the peak of the present boom is passed. One of these countries is Italy; the salary average has been rising 15-16 per cent the last couple of years, as compared to a gross national output rise of 3.4-4 per cent. This lopsided boom is the reason for general fear of inflation in Italian politi- cal circles. The two flanks of Aldo Moro's coali- tion have long been discussing possible boom brakes. But two weeks ago, that coalition received a vote of no-confidence -and Moro has lost his job. But more importantly, Italy has lost much of her hope of getting boom-controlling legisla- tion in good time to prevent all-out in- flation. MORO'S OLD DREAM of the "apertura a sinistra" (opening to the left) coali- tion plan lived scarcely more than half a year. This coalition tried to combine Moro's Christian Democrats (Italy's main rightist party) with Italy's largest party, the Nenni Socialists and a few splinter parties. This coalition spanned only about ti . . Editorial Stafff KENNETH WINTER..................... Co-Editor EDWARD HERSTEIN .....,............. Co-Editor MARY LOU BUTCHER...........Associate Editor CHARLES TOWLE.................. Sports Editor JEFFREY GOODMAN ..................Night Editor ROBERT HIPPLER.................. Night Editor LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM................Night Editor Business Staff SYDNEY PAUKER...............Business Manager Y WELLMAN...............Supplement Manager - H SCHEMNITZ............ Circulationt Manager DODGE ..........Assistant Business Manager sated Press is exclusively entitled to the we dispatches credited to it or otherwtse newspaper. All rights of re-publication re are also reserved. r of the Associated Press and ttbongh Saturday mrninng. ' by carrier, $2.60 by mail. un Arbor, Mich. two-thirds of Italy's political spectrum, but it had the advantage of a large ma- jority in Parliament. During this past half year, the ques- tion in Italian politics has thus not been{ whether the coalition will get enough votes, or the constant fear of a no-con- fidence vote, as it had been the case in nearly all other post-war Italian govern- ment coalitions. Those coalitions were composed of right wing splinter parties and the Christian Democrats and their margin of majority had always been very slim. Their steady opposition had been the left wing with the Nenni Socialists, all other socialists and Communists. Moro tried to combine the centers of both the right and the left wings; but unfailingly, the question of internal coali- tion struggles was always more pressing than outside attacks. When the coalition's right wing ad- vocated the halt of a general salary hike as a boom measure, the left wing an- swered with financial reform plans; the coalition was deadlocked on this question. DESPITE THIS DEADLOCK in matters of principle, a few stabilization meas- ures have been introduced. Credits were restricted to cut down on liberal-and all too liberal-spending which is one main reason for Italy's boom. This has had its odd side effects; investment has slipped because of the business world's distaste for Moro's opening-left coalition. Some unemployment has resulted. But ironically, Moro's coalition got its vote of no-confidence over an issue of principle, despite its financial character. ONE HUNDRED FORTY-NINE million lire, just about $250,000, in aid to pri- vate schools, most of them parochial, was the bill at stake. Italy's constitution de- mands separation of church and state as the United States Constitution does. Nevertheless, earlier coalitions had ap- proved relatively small sums for private schools. But this time, the anti-clericalj Socialists and the small Republican par- ty had its say - and was not afraid to break the coalition over it. Theoretically, Moro can now try to re- build his coalition. But, boom stabiliza- tion plans and aid to private schools can be counted on to be heavy going issues att the up-coming Christian Democratic Par-.t ty congress.t -ERIC KELLERE Daily Correspondent i -1 -- n n REVOLJTIONAI[ES'? S Materalistc EDITOR'S NOTE: Th "fllowing is a letter written to some friends in Ames by Richakrd Schwairtz, Econ. 4, who is presently wvorling in Cno. Mississippi, on the Misissipi Su-n mer Project. GREETINGS, What do I say? i'm sure you know as much of what's going on down here as T do. There are a few instances where I may elabor- ate some but mostly in the lare category of fear-for I'm scared:; not so much as I was when at Oxford, Ohio for orientation but still scared because of some re- cent developments. It isn't bad enough that the White Citizens Council is con- stantly harassing and intimida r- ing us, the police force is doing the same. The irony is that these two groups are one in the same and have been for many years-- but who knew? We all took it in stride when we found out, which was our first day here. They were waiting for us at our local Free- dom House and took all 14 down- town, unwilling on our part, to register and have our pictures taken. Unconstitutional to say the least, but this is the -sovereign" state of Mississippi and anything is possible. The cops, wien we were there, seemed congeial with an antagonistic air. They are al about 6'4" and at least 200 pounds. Those billy clubs get bigger every- day. Yesterday was a fun day. I went to Jackson to get a driver's license. We were spotted immediately as "those nigger lovers" and were given the full treatment which included personal insults, family insults, waiting many extra hours, and subjection to the most pro- voking type of nonsensical investi- gations they could think of. I didn't mind so much. It was the "sir" that they demanded that angered me. Speaking of "sirs," on the application you check "Mrs., Miss, or Mr." I naturally checked "Mr." and the cop crossed it out saying "niggers down here aren't called "Mr." He then put the initial "C" on the race line which stands for colored in the South. These are just a few of the in- cidents. There are many more. Looking at them now, they seem funny. Also, we're called "coons. white niggers, boy, etc." There's no difference to the people here between us and the Negroes. We're all treated the same. I'm living with three other vol- anteers-a Negro law student from BOMB THREATS Msi Work 4S t il caed Clumbia U niversity whose home is in Boston, and two white girls frm New York. Both graduated lst yeVr and are cominuing on wit id wrk.Thle house is owned by a Negro couple who have a Jon and the seven of us share this small four room pad. No p acy, cozy, open. but tame- Nothing has started yet. The Fredom Schools are being set up but w e'e having problems getting places. The people are extremely scared and you can't blame them. We 9:t at least one or two bomb hres a night over the phone but onli a few materialize and they constitte a stick of dyna- mite being thrown in the front lawn which shatters a few win- dows. The homes are similar o those that exist in the Appalachian Aa-woode nm shacks, rotting and t iled io one side with no nlumbing or heat. The people sleep on iron beds or on the floor. in their clothes, and many times, as here, the child or children sleep with the pants. We have running water and a bath, electricity and a gs se and refrigerator. We're well off, like a king in a pauper's coun ry. The truly amazing fact is that new cars are prevalent. Many of these people haven't the slight- est idea of personal hygiene and ,ine-tenths of the children run barem-footed all day through glass and ire, infecting cuts and shenl burning the skin off. I sawe this to)dayand was horrified. The lile girls (four or five) cried a litleO a t os t e; a n m if l y but took the pain manfully. There are few paved roads and decent homes and since this town r niirdominantly Negro approxi- ma telyv 70 per cent) w'ages are low and prices are high, Exploita- ion is first hand but now the Negro leaders have called for a "shop out-black out" which in other terms is a "boycott" of the white stores. They patronize only the few Negro groceries and go without mny of the daily neces- sities, The reason for the above term is that economic boycotts have been declared illegal by the city, naturally. There are too many things to write and I don't have the strength and time. I'm fine- dis- gusted-but fine. -Richard Schwartz (R1eprinted from the Iowa State Daily.) ,L , y.. i zr ws'I ® fi y {; a * . ?jt F a . a, . y ;_ Ci r !1 _ 1 " ! 1 ( Mi,. ; . _ S 'r - S v 1 . I t , 1. i Y' 1 /; , ; , -., ,: r - u r: ,,,, t s !F a t: t s v p c t Ii t h I% e is t a 9 t r. G a t t s f t 0 'n c rs in n c a tx T 1" e s n EDITOR'S NOTE: The following is the first of two articles discuss- ing the activities of the French student. Kenneth Miller,' former vice-president of Student Govern- ment Council, recently received his bachelor's degree in political sci- ence from the University. By KENNETH MILLER Daily Guest Writer PARIS-The French system of education is rapidly approach- ing a serious crisis. The students are disaffected, highly politicized and well organized. As Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia remarked in a friendly interview with President Charles de Gaulle: For my anti-communists I draw on those students who have re- turned from Russia, but it is France which furnishes me with my revolutionaries. The basis of the problem in French education is a rapidly in- creasing population. But the situ- ation is more complicated than the similar problem in the Unitsd States. In France it is possible to get an entire education without paying one cent of tuition because the entire system is subsidized by the state. Federalism presents no problem here, because the national gov- ernment, and especially the Min- ister of Education are directly re- sponsible for the entire complex. The professors are paid very poorly, and despite the seemingly attractive tuition-free education, the main student problem con- tinues to be finances. THE GOVERNMENT has con- structed fine schools in the pro- vinces, but most of the students prefer the exciting life of the capitol. They come here by the thousands to studyaththe Unive - sity of Paris and at the Grandes Ecoles which they hope will lead to successful careers in commerce, l-aw, or medicine. But many find life in Paris hard and extremely expensive. In fact the cost of liv- ing seems to be as high or higher than New York City. A decent meal in a restaulant will cost from $1.50-$2 and the government has effectively met this problem with the "Restaur- nats Universitaires" where a stu- dent can eat for twenty-five cents a meal. There are forty-two of these restaurants scattered around the city and each student is as- signed to one near his school. The food is comparable to the dormi- tory cuisine at the University, not of a high quality but nourishing. The housing problem is much more difficult to meet, for it is a chronic one in French society. The student whose family lives in Paris must live at home unless he has money to burn. For those who come from the provinces, there are several alternatives, none of which are very attractive. The Cite Universitaire offers housin : at reasonable prices but is soon fill- ed. There exist certain "Foyers," somewhat like League houses at Michigan where young girls can The less epesiv rooms are far from the center of town and the student often finds himself spend- ing precious hours commuting. The largest scholarship is bare- ly enough to live on, and stringent economic prerequisites must be met before one is eligible. Even though a student may be living independently of his family, if the family is of the middle class the =student is ineligible. Financial pressure often forces the student to find a part-time job where he works four hours a day. Work and study combined mean ihat a student has little time to take advantage of the artistic events of the capitol. Money also presents a problem in this regard but most museums and theaters make substantial reductions for students. However, Paris is fre- quently not as exciting as expect- ed. CROWDED FRENCH classrooms and libraries are a more obvious manifestation of the approaching crisis than the less evident but more personally pressing housing shortage. At the Sorbonne, for example, one professor may lec- ture to a standing-room-only crowd of 2,000 students: some hang over the balconies and two or three sit on the professor's desk. Those who do not care to brave a lecture may be able to procure a "polycopie" or written sunmma y. When the libraries become too crowded, the students spill out into nearby cafes where they can nurse a beer, study, and talk to comrades. For the novice used to the com- parative quiet of the undergrad- uate library the ability to study in a cafe is worthy of the utmost admiration. The clatter of plates, backfiring cars, cats and dogs, street cries make no ostensible im- pression on the oblivious French student. THE FRENCH STUDENT is frankly materialistic. He is in- tensely aware of the problem of making a living. Students of the preceding generation played a ma- jor role in the French resistance and the mystique of "a Resist- ance," which is one of the most important events in contemporary French history, has allowed the preset adult world to pass through the experience of World War II while still perserving a type of romanticism. The present generation is too young to have lived the Resist- ance and seems to be much less enstive to the "granduer" of this national effort. The financial problems of student life dictate a type of materialism and the modern world itself a type of cyni- cism unrelieved by romantic no- tiliin N" dbE/lb To the Editor: THE UNIVERSITY community is faced with a growing problem which, if unchecked, might result in almost insurmountable difficul- ties in the near future. We refer to the congestion of the campus sidewalks. The logical solution to this problem is to restrict the use of the sidewalks to those who need them most (as evidenced by their willingness to pay for the use of them). We propose a system of restrict- ed sidewalks of varying types, with corresponding permits, as follows: 1) The major campus sidewalks, and those involving the shortest distances between the various buildings, would be restricted to staff use. Those on the staff who wish to use these sidewalks would buy a permit from the University. A yearly fee of $25 seems about right. 2) Less important arteries, and peripheral sidewalks, would be open to students, upon payment of a small fee for each use. Coin- operated turnstiles could be set up at appropriate points of entry to the sidewalks, with a fee of lc or 5c per entry, depending on the length and degree of import- ance of the sidewalk. 3) Even more remote sidewalks, such as those next to the golf course or on the Dearborn Center campus, would be free, for the time being. * *, * TO PREVENT the same staff permit from being used by more than one person, or worse yet, by a student, a decal could be affixed to the forehead of the authorized individual. Or, better yet, the forehead could be tattoed with a different letter and color each year. (An "A" would be used the first year, and scarlet might be a nice color to start with.) Enforcement of the regulations could be turned over to the Ann Arbor Police Department. Even though this would undoubtedly be illegal, few people would challenge the authority of the police to carry out this task. The proposed plan has many ad- vantages: In the first place, stu- dents would tend to stay away from the campus unless they ab- solutely had to be there. This But the French students do have ideals and their approach to the problem of higher education is a strange mixture of skepticism and practical idealism. As the pres- sures become more intense, the French students become more alienated and better organized; and today they represent one of the most effective pressure groups in the nation. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Permits To Use S VIs UNDOUBTEDLY there will be lunatics, chronic grass-walkers, sidewalk writers, jacks-players and others who don't have the Uni- versity's interests at heart who will object to this plan, saying that the payment of tuition or the employment as a staff member carries with it the right to the use of the sidewalks, but, if precedent from other areas can be applied, such contentions can be ignored. We are confident that the over- whelming logic and practicality of the proposed plan will result in its immediate adoption. before it is too late. Of course, we are sure that you realize that secrecy is essential in the planning stages of this program, so that any pro- test moves will be too late to have any effect. -David Gordon, Spec For the Society to Terminate Organized Parking A Great Man To the Editor: WITH THE DEATH of Hugh F. Pierce last week, the Univer- sity lost a great man. The history books will not remember him, for he was not the leader of a revo- lutionizing movement or a great and powerful nation. He did not directly affect millions, nor did he make great discoveries, nor did he accumulate vast industrial em- pires or fortunes. Nevertheless, he was a great man, as there are many great men who are never recognized, except by those who were fortunate enough to know and be affected by them. How then was he great? He worked with individuals, not the masses. He did not make nations; he made men. Why he died is a sign of his greatness. He worked himself to death doing what he loved to do, helping others. He could have heeded advice and slowed his pace, only to be saddened in proportion. His heart failed, but it had known the greatest of happiness. No one can be happy to die, but he must have been happy to know that the world was a better place and will continue to be a better place because he lived. He was great by the good deeds he did and by the good deeds that will be done in turn, as each per- son that he has affected will in- fluence others and they will in- fluence others and so on, as long as there is a race. The University has lost only one in its army of teachers. Those who knew him lost a great and loved friend. -Martin D. Bolgar, '05Ed "To Borrow AnExpression - Why Not Victory?" 0 . - rr (04- (- '1 1I " ',,' i 4'r I . V ..