F Sevmte-Third Yr THE 'TRIPLE REVOLUTION' , .... , Emmrmawp D MAxAm wr STuDEws ow rTm UN -s-rro F MtcmGAw WNXER AUTHOnRST OF BOARD 2 CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBMCATIoNs TSreTUDENT PUBLyCATIONs BLDG., Axx ARoR, Mici., PHONE NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in at; reprints. WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: JEFFREY GOODMAN Freer Men in Automated Future? Professors Speak Out On Students' Rights ADVOCATING STUDENT RIGHTS is a custom as ancient as writing student rule handbooks. In the past, alienated students have done the advocating; un- heedful administrators have done the writing. But now,a third group is clam- oring to absorb both functions. A group of academicians is arguing that faculty members should define student rights- and establish procedures to protect them. At worst, their pronouncements on stu- dent freedoms provide reinforcement to heretofore scanty student voices. At best, they should prove as embarrassing to the complacent faculty as to the rule-making Office of Student Affairs. Their statement, a tailor-made exam- ple of faculty concern for student rights has been drafted by a committee of the American Association of University Pro- fessors. Guised as a declaration on the faculty's role in student "academic free- dom," it actually campaigns for student rights on and off the campus, academic and non-academic. Even if the AAUP approves this state- ment next year at the national conven- tion, its utility will be limited. It will remain, however, a carefully defined list of freedoms-from student government to non-censorship. And even more im- portant, it will be persuasive evidence that these rights can only prevail on campuses where administrators and fac- ulty members care enough to see them defined and protected. ITS UNIVERSAL yet specific adaptabil- ity is immediately apparent when held up to the Office of Student Affairs. Start- ing with the first section, the issue of confidential files is discussed. The document implores faculty mem- bers to make sure personal files don't get too personal when they are intended for outside reference. At the University, the list of non-academic evaluations of stu- dents is overwhelmingly unnecessary. House-mothers, administrators, facul- ty members are continually thrusting their peripheral impressions into the files. What the future boss sees is never quite clear. The student never sees or knows of any of these confidential re- ports. University officials, who incidental- ly, hang onto the files for several years after a student leaves the University, say the files are opened only for academic purposes. Disbelieving Joint Judiciary Council members last year tried in vain to find out what goes to employers. Into non-academic portions of the files, the AAUP statement would place only the record of suspension or dismissal ac- tions-no other disciplinary actions or A Moral Issue? BOSTON'S Richard Cardinal Cushing made known his feelings the other day on the civil rights bill just passed by Con- gress: "The civil rights bill is entirely a moral issue," said the cardinal. Eh? The fact is that all informed ob- servers think there is a good deal of the political in the civil rights bill: the main argument is over extension of federal power, and many believe the bill is an unwarranted extension. Wrong though they. may be, there is an awfully good chance they have as good a sense of mor- als as you or me, or even Cardinal Cush- ing. The cardinal added, "My friend, Jack Kennedy, fought for the civil rights bill, even though he knew it would lose him votes." But the record shows that Ken- nedy only proposed the bill after the demonstrations in the South last sum- mer; just that spring, he had submitted what many thought a rather weak and watery civil rights message to Congress. MOST INFORMED PEOPLE maintain that Kennedy put forth the bill for two main reasons: 1) he was afraid he'd lose Negro votes, and perhaps many oth- ers, and 2) he needed to keep order in the country, and needed law to do it. They believe that "the moral issue" was probably not his primary motivation, and personal evaluations. Currently, even a harsh-toned word to a housemother after a flunked exam, qualifies the student for negative comment in the file system. FOR ITS SECOND SECTION, the AAUP statement sprays harsh words on stu- dent affairs administrators in general. The OSA could well take heed. The statement argues against all the nagging trimmings to managing student groups-membership lists, faculty advis- ors and sponsored-speaker clearance. (They are all maintained at the Univer- sity with bureaucratic delight.) But the vehemence of the student or- ganizations section is directed toward the perennial campus controversy: students' rights to regulate student conduct. Student Government Council does not have this prerogative here. Compound- ing its inadequacy, the scope of SGC au- thority varies from situation to situation. It depends on the specific wishes of the vice-president for student affairs and the Regents. Ramifications of this policy have been detrimental to students. THE JOINT JUDICIARY Council con- stitution was formulated over the 1962-63 school period under OSA supervi- sion. But in what OSA member John Bingley called "the student's constitu- tion," his office managed to make the last imprint. While supposedly typing the final doc- ument for distribution last summer, an addendum to an appendix was quietly slipped in. It gave the vice-president final authority in all judicial cases, if he wants it, a power which had supposedly been given the students. Bingley tried to ex- plain it, then hinted that the appendix had been inserted by administrators above him. Whatever happened, student rights to control their conduct were sud- denly dissipated. Other violations of freedom alleged in the remaining sections reveal the univer- sality of University issues. The AAUP doc- ument would tear down speaker bans and censorship boards, erect off-campus safe- guards and provide due process in the handling of alleged misdemeanors. In the case of "due process," the Joint Judic constitution provides it; other freedoms are not so liberally granted by the Re- gents. BUT"WHAT DISTINGUISHES this state- ment from the assertions of student leaders is the panacea. Each student right must not only be defined. It must be protected, the" statement emphasizes. With this aim, each section is prefaced "Responsibility of the Teacher." This assignment of responsibility may sound fanciful to University students aware of faculty attitudes. The academi- cian here has demonstrated that he wants very little contact with the student on an extra-curricular basis. The best example of this attitude is the failure of student-faculty government ef- forts. Attempts to forge a student-faculty government have aborted for a combi- nation of reasons. Faculty apathy has been one of them. This was evident when SGC formulated a joint student-faculty government structure which was design- ed to put student representatives on fac- ulty committees pertinent to student is- sues. The plan suffered when student participation was placed at the discre- tion of the faculty chairman involved. At best, some student members were given speaking privileges. Other chairmen re- fused students altogether. Had the faculty given the students privileges on their committees as re- quested, the results might have been more favorable. In its watered-down discre- tionary form, "student-faculty govern- ment" has withered away to a crustless venture which only a few students may profit from. IN THE WAKE of administrator-facul- ty indifference, the AAUP statement is important for what it says. As a declara- tion of student rights, it makes a clear and insightful appeal to administrators: get off their backs. The statement is also imnortant for EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first in a series of articles evaluating the analyses and proposals of the re- cently-formed Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution. By JEFFREY GOODMAN 'THE ECONOMY of abundance can sustain all citizens in comfort and economic security whether or not they engage in what is commonly reckoned as work. "We therefore urge that society, through its appropriate legal and governmental institutions, under- take an unqualified commitment to provide every individual and every family with an adequate income as a matter of right." That assertion is the basis of a document on automation and America's future written by a group of 26 economists, sociolo- gists, journalists and businessmen called the Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution. THE AHC is a sort of convoca- tion of mainly liberal thinkers who recognize and want to deal with threerevolutions in Ameri- can society: cybernation-"the combination of the computer and the automated self-regulating ma- chine," weaponry-recognition of "the final futity of war," and human rights -"a world-wide movement toward the establish- ment of social and political re- gimes in which every individual will feel valued and none will feel rejected on account of his race.~ It had itsbeginningslast fall when President of the United Packinghouse Workers Ralph L. Helstein, Vice-President of the Fund for the Republic W. H. Ferry and economist and authorRobert Theobald decided in a hotel-room conversation that some broad statement was necessary on these three problems, for which all of them felt deep concern. The first statement, issued in March, is devoted to the cyber- nation revolution. The document received widespread press cover- age, as well as equivocal reaction from President Lyndon B. Johnson and Labor Secretary Willard A. Wirtz. *' * * ITS SIGNERS-besides Ferry, Helstein and Theobald-were such people as Roger Hagan, editor of the Correspondent; Michael Har- rington, author of The Other America; Todd Gitlin, president of Students for a Democratic So- ciety; Thomas Hayden, SDS mem- ber and past Editor of The Daily; Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish econ- not entire agreement with the omist (who was in "broad" but statement); Michael Reagan of the Maxwell Graduate School at Syracuse University; David T. Bazelon, author of "The Paper Economy" and Linus Pauling, Nobel laureate for peace and con- sultant to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, to name only a few. Its major thesis is that the ex- tensive advent of automation in industry has made it impossible for the United States ever to reach full employment;thatvthe current longstanding high rate of unem- ployment is due to continue and to swell the ranks of a permanently jobless, poverty-stricken class and that the traditional method of de- riving income from work is there- fore no longer viable. Since society no longer needs "to impose repetitive and meaningless (because unnecessary) toil upon the individual," the statement argues, the cybernation revolution enables and requires a funda- mental and pervasive change in our society. THE FIRST and most basic aspect of that change is a dis- tribution of the products of an automated, private economic sec- tor so that no citizen will have to suffer with a low income because he does not possess sufficient skills to get a job. Even more important and far reaching, however, the AHC sees the possibility of using the na- tion's industrial capacity to free man from the necessity of work and allow him to pursue the course of his own personal ful- fillment. Thus the government would guarantee a minimum in- come to anyone who wanted it, with no questions asked. And that wage might be claimed not only by those who were unable to earn their upkeep in a cybernated so- ciety but, theoretically, by any one desiring "to make his own choice of occupation and vocation from a wide range of activities not now fostered by our value system and our accepted modes of 'work.' "Cybernation at last forces us to answer the historic question: "THE CYBERNATION revolu- tion profers an existence qualita- tively richer in democratic as well as material values. A social order in which men make the decisions that shape their lives becomes more possible now than ever be- fore; the unshackling of men from the bonds of unfulfilling labor frees them to become citizens, to make themselves and to make their own history." This foundation for the AHC's prognosis begins with their recog- nition that "a growing proportion of the population is subsisting on But this situation is only the present manifestation of a grow- ing trend toward the eventual preemption of production-prob- ably at all levels of skill-by ma- chines. It is only prophetic of the day when machines-even now possessing the equivalent of a high school diploma, Secretary Wirtz judges-will dominate the private economic sector and leave great masses without the. skills neces- sary to find jobs, and therefore unable to live on anything but "minimal and unrelated govern- ment measures." Cj ,,-.{ r -';. "7 ~ c _.. A . '1 r vp II t,^ 1 ! 1' > ' 1 y !^ ! 1 } n t 1 !,' J 4 1 ' t ;: f' ,. 9 .., 1 J ( ti } ate, f Y .. GG it.i9u'suh.'J'ivr tt More specifically, the AHC statement offers the following su - porting evidence for its analysis: -In 1961, 1962 and 1963, dur- ing the first visible upsurg:e of cybernation, productivity per man- hour rose at an average pace of above 3.5 per cent-"a rate well above both the historical average and the post-war rate." -Costs for many companies have already been lowered to a point where the price of a durable machine may be as little as one- third of the current annual wage- cost of the worker it replaces. -The official rate of unemploy- ment has remained at or above 5.5 per cent during the 60's. Statistics for special subcategories are high- er: for teenagers te rate is cur- rently 15 per cent- for Negroes in general more than twice that for whites; in depressed areas, as high'as 50 per cent -'Even more serious is the fact that the number of people who have voluntarily removed them- selves from the labor force is not constant but increases continuous- ly," the document goes on. These people include so-called retired workers; workers forced onto re- lief and finding It extremely dif- ficult, because of the social and psychological alternations brought about by their situation, to begin seeking work; and teenagers, es- pecially dropouts. -"Well over half of the new jobs created during th peried 1957-1962 were in the public sector -predominantly in teaching, Job creation in the privatesector has now almost entirely ceased ex- cept in services; of the 4,300,000 jobs created in this period, only about 200,000 were provided by private industry through its own efforts,"thestatement declares. -If human beings are to com- pete with machines in the future they will have to have at least a high school education, acco)rding to Labor Secretary Wirtz. Yet Wirtz estimates that as many as 30 per cent of all students will be high school dropouts in this dec- ade. "A permanently-depressed class is developing in the U.S. Some 38,000 Americans almost one-fifth of the nation, still live in poverty. The percentage of total income received by the poorest 2 per cent of the population was 4.9 per cent in 1944 and 4.7 per cent in 1963." * * * TO THE AHC, these figures all point up the "problems of job- lessness, inadequate incomes and frustrated lives." Their solution, not only to eliminate within three to four generations people's de- pendence upon jobs for their in- comes but to help them change from a work-oriented to a self- development-oriented way of life, is broad and monumental. It in- volves a revolution in all mean- ings of the word-a revolution ending in a society where man, no longer having to produce his live- lihood, is free to pursue "con- structive, rewarding and ennob- ling" activities. Even if a man still desires to do the same thing he nowdoes for his living, he will do it only be- cause he really wants to do it. The activity could no, longer re- ceive the label "work" as we now understand it. * * * SPECIFIC PROGRAMS indi- cated by the AHC for the transi- tional period, before the ultimate solidification of the revolution, in- clude the following: -A massive program to build up the educational system, designed especially with the needs of the chronically under - educated in mind. -Massive public works. The committee estimates that 150,000 to 200,000 jobs can be generated for each $1 billion spent on public works. -A massive program of low- cost public housing. -A major revision of the tax structure aimed at redistributing income as well as apportioning the costs of the transition period equitably. -Activities by trade unions to negotiate with business for the un- employed as well as the employed, to bargain for prerequisites such as housing and recreational and edu- cational facilities and to organize the unemployed. -Establishment of representa- tive planning agencies at the local and national levels to collect data on social conditions, work toward optimal allocations of human and natural resources, develop new transitional programs and general- ly "to give direction and content to the growing demand for im- provement in all departments of public life." THE CYBERNATION revolu- tion as the AHC sees it has vast and far-reaching implications, both in its dangers and in the po- tential it affords for a new and better social order. It is not a Utopia dreamed up by radicals nor a fantasy dashed off by naive students. The signers of the document are astute and - -nn eii im n ' 1VE AtWAN'S TRitC> TO B3E ST'S{ LUE-CoNSCici3S. ° What is man's role when he is not dependent upon his own ac- tivities for the material basis of his life?" according to the AHC statement. minimal incomes, often below the poverty line, at a time when suf- ficient production is available to supply the needs of everyone in the United States." IMMENSE TALENT Iarenboim Performs Beethoven Sonatas DANIEL BARENBOIM perform- ed a program of Beethoven Sonatas last evening in a concert presented in Rackham Auditorium. This youthful Israeli artist has an immense talent and a dazzling technique. He opened the program with the popular and quasi-pro- grammatic Les Adieux Sonata written in 1809 forhBeethoven's friend and patron, the Archduke Rudolph. The tonally ambiguous intro- duction to the first movement pointed up immediately one of Barenboim's shortcomings during the first half of the program. He didn't seem to be able to control his soft passages. After beginning the Allegro section he seemed to settle down and easily cope with the difficult technical aspects of the movement. Barenboim handled the second movement adequately but again seemed to have a little difficulty with the piano and pianissimo passages. The third movement, marked Vivacissimamento, w a s taken at the recommended tempo and with a little added speed to boot. THE SECOND sonata on the program was the equally popular Appassionata Sonata. This work comes from an unusually produc- tive period of Beethoven's life, if indeed, any one period should or could be cited as being more cre- ative. Barenboim had a technique which more than matched the vir- tuosic demands of the first move- ment, but unfortunately, his inter- pretation was a little erratic and a bit immature. The second move- ment, in variation form, is a par- ticularly beautiful piece of music. The variation form has been popu- lar with composers from the Ren- aissance to our own day and Bee- thoven is the unsurpassed master of it. The third movement, marked Allegro ma non troppo, was play- ed presto-too many pianists fail to heed Beethoven's advice. This movement was marked by too much pedal and the coda, marked presto, lost its impact because of the opening speed. * * * THE SECOND half of the pro- gram was given to the Sonata Op. 111 in C minor. The introduction to the first movement, so remin- iscent of the Pathetique Sonata, and the following Allegro, were handled adequately from a tech- nical standpoint. The second IN THE LIGHT of this pos- sibility the AHC nevertheless re- jects the suggestion advanced bf some that the pace of technologi- cal change be slowed down: "We assert that the only way to turn technological change to the benefit of the individual and the service of the general welfare is to accept the process and to utilize it rationally and humanely. "The new science of political economy will be built on the en- couragement and planned expan- sion of cybernation ... Cyberna- tion itself provides the resources and tools that are needed to en- sure minimum hardship . ." YET at the same time numerous facts about the current economic situation indicate to the AHC that much more will have to be done than simply to harness automa- tion. And conventional economic analysis, the AHC declares, does not allow for what is needed. According to current thought, "potential (consumer) demand, which if filled would raise the number of jobs and provide in- comes to those holding them, is underestimated," the AHC says. Conventional analysis holds that all of the available labor force would be required to meet current needs of consumers and industry and to provide adequate public services. Finally, traditional economists assert that "demand could be in- creased, by a variety of standard techniques, to any desired extent by providing money and machines to improve the conditions of the billions of impoverished people elsewhere in the world," the AHC states. * * S , BUT the committee's analysis is hardly as optimistic. While the AHC does notquestion that cy- bernation increases the potential for "the provision of funds to neglected public sectorr" or that it would "make possite the aboli- tion of poverty at home and abroad," the statement asserts that the industrial system doeo not possess any adequate mech- anisms to permit these potentials to become realities. "The industrial system was de- signed to produce an ever-increas- ing quantity of goods as efficent- ly as possible, and it was assumed that the distribution of the power to purchase these goods would oc- cur almost automatically. "Hold I,, Aw m c( Ar 4o (~±1W I ZXV a IT!'. I