Jl UL 9 THE MICHIGAN DAILY Rochester--How Did It Happen? MONTHLY MEETING Regents Set Appointments ROCHESTER, N.Y. (P) - Why did it happen here? Days after racial riots reduced parts of this quiet upstate city to an armed camp, this question still was un- answered by city officials, by most residents, and especially by out- siders who think of Rochester as an ultra-respectable community, famed for good works and a sort of built-in, indestructible brand of prosperity. Rochester erupted the night after the flames died down in Harlem. Everyone had expected trouble in Harlem. No one, es- pecially city officials, had expect- ed anything really serious in Rochester. Second-guessing has produced the usual crop of omens and ru- mors: Black Muslims systemat- ically preaching hate in a housing project; a truck driver who took his rig home for the night because there was going to be "trouble", vague threats of "big trouble" just around the corner. Not N.Y.C. But Rochester is not New York Ciuty.Its prosperitynin terms of employment, wages, housing and sales, usually is at the top of most indices. Furthermore, Roch- ester has a well-deserved reputa- tion as a city of good will, a bit parochial, perhaps: a city long in Ithe black book of any hell-bend- ing traveling salesman because of its penchant for pulling in the sidewalks at sundown. The Harlem riots were trig- gered by the controversial killing of a boy by a policeman. Roch- ester's weekend of terror started with an ordinarily routine at- tempt to handle a drunk at a block'dance. Harlem's half million Negroes live in - tall tenements. Most of Rochester's 30,000 Negroes (about one tenth of the city population) live in two or three-story dwell- irigs, many of them decrepit, in- herited on one side of town from earlier and more fortunate immi- grants and on the other side from the aristocrats of the last cen- tury, whosedescendants long ago moved to the suburbs. Since 1950 Most of Rochester's Negroes camensince 1950 and they came suddenly and in great numbers to a community which, for all its generosity, was unprepared to deal with them. For example: Rochester has, more jobs - steady jobs, at good pay-than almost any city of its size in the world. But these jobs, making photographic, optical and elec- tronic goods and the more sophis- ticated parts of automobiles, are for skilled workers. There are few openings for the strong-backed men of little education or skills who drifted into town after the orchards and truck gardens had been harvested. Some people think that Roches- ter has been a soft touch: that public housing and ample relief have attracted a steady stream of Negroes who had no real hope of making out here. The new im- migrants have no ties with those who came before them - unlike the Irish, the Germans and the Italians, who have done so well here. The long-established settle- ment houses and the well- financed agencies of all kinds have done their best to meet brand new problems. Almost over- night the old Negro leadership was overturned. The successors seem to have little influence. Discrimination Unquestionably there has been some covert discrimination in both jobs and housing. On the other hand, the city has replaced the worst of the old slums with both high rise and garden type apartments (integrated), and re- cently the council approved new programs for both public housing and urban renewal. Realtors are pledged to obey the laws against discrimination. Most of the big employers have made a deliber- ate effort to recruit Negro work- ers. / The board of education is deep- ly committed both to improving the teaching and facilities in pre- dominantly Negro areas and to open enrollment and pupil trans- fers, despite the active opposition of some white parents. 'Monroe County has a human f'elations commission and a branch office of the human rights commission which admin- isters the sweeping state civil rights laws passed nearly 20 years before the federal program. Neith- er has -had many complaints to process. Bi-Racial A bi-racial police advisory board (one of the Harlem group's demands) was set up 18 months ago. It has yet to bring charges against the police. There have been no mass demonstrations- sit-ins and lie-ins-because res- taurants and hotels here long have been open to all able to pay and willing to behave. The city's newspapers and broadcasting stations for years have reported the racial problem sympathetically and in depth. The newspapers are members of the Gannet group, whose continuing series of stories on "the road to held their fire-and took a most brutal beating. When tactics were changed and the police, backed by national guardsmen, began to enforce the law, the situation came under control. Weather may have played a part. This has been one of the hottest, stickiest, and ugliest Julys in Rochester history. Last Friday was another one of those nights. There is some evidence of well- organized evil forces fanning the flames once trouble started. Most Negro-owned stores escaped dam- age. Both Rochester newspapers have editorialized vigorously- from the beginning for strict law en- forcement. And as the Rochester Times-Union put it: "Rochester can now demon- strate what must be done when hoodlums, under the guise of a racial problem, or civil rights leg- islation, seek to defy the law and place themselves above author- ity., "There are many voices of ra- cial reason in Rochester. They were drowned out by the shatter- ing glass and the jeering, looting crowd. They are being heard_ again, even now, and progress will be resumed when order has been restored." The Democrat & Chronicle said: "We must not end any of, the excellent inter-racial projects that have made Rochester fa- mous ... But we must blend with it a new kind of intolerance. intolerance of phonies, of dema- gogues, of headline-seekers, of smoke-screen experts, of flouters of the law, of hoodlums." OK's .Plan for Ilirmingham BIRMINGHAM (P) --A federal judge approved without modifica- tion yesterday the accelerated school desegregation plan of the Birmingham school board. In approving the plan for the state's largest school system, U.S. District Judge Seybourn H. Lynne overruled Negro contentions that the plan was too slow. School board attorneys assured the judge in a hearing earlier yesterday that all applications for transfer to the four grades affect- ed would be promptly processed. The plan was not modified be- cause, the judge said, it contains provisions for advertising. proced- ures for Negroes to follow in ap- plying for transfer. Lynne had withheld ruling until he could study a decision handed down Monday by U.S. District Judge H. H. Grooms on similar cases involving the school boards of Gadsden, Huntsville and Mad- ison County. (Continued from Page 2) P. Work, both for three-year terms beginning Sept. 1. To the Committee on American Institutions Lectureship and Pro- fessorship: Prof. Samuel J. El- dersveld for a three-year term be- ginning July 1. To the executive committee of the Program in International Bus- iness: Prof. Alfred F. Conrad, for three years beginning July 1. To the executive committee of the Michigan Memorial-Phoenix Project: Prof. Walter J. Nung- ester and Prof. Maurice J. Sinnott, both for four-year terms begin- ning July 1. To the executive committee of the Center for Research on Eco- - - nomic Development: Dean Wil- liam Haber and Dean Floyd A. Bond, both for three-year terms beginning July 1. To the University Committee on Broadcasting: Assistant Dean Her- bert W. Johe and Dr. Harry A. Towsley, both for three-year terms beginning July 1. To the Board of Governors of Residence Halls: Prof. Frank X, Braun for a three-year term be- ginning July 1; and students Max- ine Loomis and John Eadie for one-year terms, also beginning July 1. To the Board of Governors of Religious Affairs: Mrs. Wilbur C. Nelson, as an alumni member, for, CAMPUS BOOTERY a two-year term beginning J 1. To the Committee on Honor Degrees: Prof. Alfred S. Si man for a two-year term beg ning July 1. Changes in Status Robert T. Deck, from assoc research physicist to instructor physics, effective with the term. James Edward Harris, promo from research associate to ass ant professor of dentistry, ef: tLive July 1. Dr. Harris has ceived a Research Career Dev opment Award from the Natik Institute of Dental Research. -Associated Press GOV. NELSON ROCKEFELLER of New York wants to know the same answer as the author of this article: why did racial violence break out in Rochester? 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