', JULY 22, 1964

THE MICHIGAN 10A11.V

77\7"x7 Cl RF


JnlY 22, 964 71T1M / PY~r7 7lTT't

LIntS THEeRdieAeTIiE
Center Studies Learning

By LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM
Prof. Stanford Ericksen draws
his finger across a jagged blue
line which makes an imperfect arc
on the paper in front of him.
That line represents one stu-
dent. When it heads upward, the
student is learning. When it levels
or dips, he is having learning
doldrums. In psychological ver-
nacular the jagged arc is a
;"Learning Curve." To the Center
for Research on Learning and
Teaching which Ericksen directs,
it is a trademark.
The arc is charted in two direc-
tions. Its horizontal progress
graphs the amount of time the
student is studying. The vertical
progress measures the amount
learned. Like a fingerprint, the,
line's progression differs for each
student.
Fingerprint
But also like a fingerprint, it
has certain general characteristics.
For Ericksen, the most important
general fact is that verticality
means learning. Ericksen's self-
prescribed task has become to
help each student--or all 128,000
students-push the line upward.
His logical focal point is the
classroom: "The Center seeks to
utilize its resources on finding
ways to make the classroom a
better environment for ,learning
and thinking," he says.
Achieving this goal is a two-
step process. First the center must
-on a limited staff-draw its;
learning and r teaching theories
from the techniques of experimen-
tal psychology, the behavioral
sciences and educational research.
Dispersion
Then it must disperse the knowl-
edge to the community for prac-
tical application. "We are trying to
breach the gap between the hu-
man research laboratory and the
classroom," he explains.
Often this breach is widened by
the proprietors of the classroom
themselves-the faculty. "We try
to make the Center a place where
the faculty can turn for help,"
Ericksen observes, "but we only
go where we're invited."
About to begin its third ! year
since a faculty committee set up
the center in an abandoned fra-
ternity house in 1962, Ericksen
never lacks such invitations. The,
center, with only two full-time
staff members, is working on 20
projects.

phasizes. Through demonstration
courses for instructors, the center
shows how it grapples with learn-
ing problems in the classroom. In
general departmental consufta-
tions, members of the center, all
teachers themselves, try to help
faculty members improve their
teaching quality and effectiveness.
By a monthly memo which was
started this year, members of the
center staff explore new develop-
ments in television education, pro-
grammed instruction, grading
methods and audio-visual possibil-
ities.
Next year the center will cover
topics ranging from "motivation
to learn" to the conditions which
mark good teaching for bright
students.
The center, established upon the
recommendation of the University
Senate Committee of the Improve-
ment of Instruction, is attached to
the Office of Academic Affairs.
The committee acts as the center's
advisory board.

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Co-Op Adds Stocks, Services
C4
been expanding its stocks and of various inventory and financ- participate in the operation of the
services over the summer. ing costs for books. store.
The Student Government Coun- The Student Book Exchange The Co-op is located at 330
cil-endorsed bookstore recently (SBX), run by the Co-op, has Nickels Arcade. Basically its pur-
added a new textbook ordering ps st elbosa eua
service which will allow reduction been expanded, with large addi- pose s to sell books at regular
tions in paperback book stocks and prices and then pay rebates to
stationery supplies, ill members at the end of each
Iowa Student SBX offers primarily used books semester.
which it buys directly from stu-
dents and resells. Savings on theseDe t
Beaten in Southoks vary. SaeHm
A State University of Iowa stu- Savings offered on other Co-opS
dent was pistol whipped, beaten books amount to five per cent on Senate
and arrested by Canton, Miss., po- on non-text volumes. The same
e ast week, the Daily Iowan savings are offered by the order-
reported. igsrvc.H o s1ic'r
The student, who is participat- A Co-op announcement states
Ing in the Mississippi Summer that books ordered before July 29 LANSING (A )-State Democratic
Project sponsored by the Congress will be available in time for reg- leaders say they are ready to take
f Federated Organizations, has istration for the fall semester, over the reins in the Michigan
peen released on $150 bail from a Membership in the bookstore costs ouef epresntte -han
Jackson prison. one dollar per year or fiveof Representatives-and
He was charged with resisting dollars for life and entitles the stu- maybe the Senate-in the next
arrest and reckless driving after dent to a vote at membership legislative session.
police beat him. meetings. He is also eligible to Democrats are predicting con-
.. - - -

PROF. STANFORD ERICKSEN
In one of them, a popular lec-
ture course with four sections and
four teachers was compressed into
one lecture with one teacher. The
learning device is 6 kinescopes,
"tailor-made for that class," which
are shown in a programmed se-
quence. Since the machines cost
several thousand dollars each, this
teaching method cannot be du-
plicated. But its value is being
assessed by the performance of
students in follow-up courses.
The jump in their learning curves
will tell Ericksen what kind of
boost the experimental kinescopes
gave to learning.
In other projects, Ericksen turns
directly to the student. His pet
development is an "automated in-
dependent study carroll" which
will bring those 8 a.m. lectures
over the "tube" - at anytime --
and put hard-to-find library books
on microfilm.
Own Rate
For lectures and reading, the
student "can go at his own rate,
stop and re-trace whenever he
wishes," Ericksen says. He won't
waste precious learning minutes
seeking reserved books which other
students have removed.
One hitch remains: the price,
exceeds $14,000 for each audio
recorder which presents the films.
This is one problem which stumps1
even Ericksen, but it doesn't dis-
courage him. sa
Demonstrations
Much of the center's best work
has been done for free, he em-

Ericksen came to the University
three years ago from Vanderbilt
University where he had served
as psychology department chair-
man for 15 years.
Dangerous Ground
Ericksen is the first to empha-
size that the Center is treading on
dangerous ground wherever it ex-
plores. "The use of automation
may be economically attractive in
many cases, but we must consider,
its impact on the quality of edu-
cation," he warns. Reciprocally,
the educational community must
not expect too much too quickly
from the center.
"People are always looking for
instant teaching formulas which.
work like a juke box machine
where you insert five cents and=
out comes instant learning,"
Ericksen says.i
"It would be foolish and pre-
sumptuous," he writes in the
wrap-up memo for the past year,
"for us to try to be all instruc-
tional things to all teachers int
this large and complex university."
He emphasizes that the centerl
can move only as fast as the fac-
ulty wants it. After all, "as re-t
searchers we like to stay wheret
the data are," he notes.
But if that is where he preferst
to stay, the center is nonethelesst
the beginning of a bridge whicht
will link teaching theory to teach-]
ing practice.4

WHO Sees 'Catastrophic'
Crowding in Urban Centers
A')
GENEVA-Migrations of rural tion-producing fuels would b
populations to urban centers in titted It also called for
the developing countries may reach gre.bet as, call
"catastrophic dimensions" within green-belt areas, central ple
20 years, the World Health Or- supply heat and hot water
ganization said yesterday. tire districts, less traffic in n
"A far greater possibility of din of ctan areas and the equ
aster than the Industrial Revolu- hars with devices to redu
tion" is being created by crowd-
ing, low earnings, poor nutrition
'nd lack of sanitation in tropical
and subtropical regions, accord-
ng to a New York Timues quota-
tion from the WHO statement. On Socialists
"After the question of keeping
world peace, metropolitan plan- INDIANAPOLIS-A judge
ning is probably the most serious ing freeing three Indiana U
single problem faced by man in the sity socialists from anti-subv
second halfrof the 20th century," charges was appealed to t-
the WHO report stated. Tremen-diana Supreme Court last we
dous urban population increases
occur "in all continents, under The appeal was made byr
capitalism a n d Communism uting attorney Thomas A.:
alike, it said. ley, who argued that the
The increase in urban popular has a right of self-preserv
tions will be caused by two main which permits it to prosecute
factors, the report noted: the ex- sons engaged in subversive a
pected doubling of the world's pop- ties.
ulation by the year 2000 to a The socialists involved in
total of six billion and the con- case are officers of the uni
tinuation of the move from coun- ty's Young Socialist Alliance.
try to town due to the improved The trio was tried in Mv
efficiency of agricultural produc- at which time thejudge
tion. By the end of the century, local Circuit Court declared
the report predicted, only about constitutional a key section o
10 per cent of the world's popula- state's 1951 anti-Communism
tion will be living on farms. ate. The judge declared thai
A new breed of mosquito known the federal government could
as culex fatigans has already ecute cases involving advoca
changed disease patterns in the violent overthrow of the gc
mushrooming cities of warm ment.
countries. Another prominent fac- Hoadley said he hoped the
tor in preventing new cities fromlilana Supreme Court woul
being the attractive places plan- able to hear arguments in the
hers would like is air pollution, this fall.
mainly from the "indiscriminate In the meantime, Indiana's
use" of automobiles, the report is operating without univ
noted. recognition, which was withc
It recommended establishment after the three were arrested:
of satellite towns where no pollu-

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~........y,:r,7["^:__:2
DAILYOFFICIAL BULLETI N_ 1
r'"fY , . .o. SS . .. .. '1'::ha.G'.."{ M'.:Y. .J:....:..:{::. Y _______1' 44 :'

The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room
3564 Administration Building before
2 p.m. of the day preceding publica-
tion, and by 2 p.m. FRiday for Satur-
day and Sunday.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 22'
Day Calendar
Audio-Visual Education Center Film!
Preview - "Population Econogy" and
'tThe City and the 'Future":, Multi-
purpose Room, Undergraduate Library,
1:30 p.m.
School of Music Stanley Quartet -
Gilbert Ross, violin; Gustave Rosseels,
violin; Robert Courte, viola; Jerome Je-
linek, cello: with George Papich, viola:
Rackham Lecture Hall, 8:30 p.m.
Doctoral Examination for Sidney Dyk-
stra, Education; thesis: "A Study of
the Relationships of Nonpublic School
Enrollment to the Approval of School
Millage and Bond Proposals," Wed., July
22, at 1:30 p.m. 3206 UHS. Chairman,
H. S. Bretsch.
5-Hour Special Topics in Chemistry
--2nd Series: "The Electronic Structures
and Shapes of Small Polyatomic Mole-
cules," will be discussed by Dr. T. M.
Dunn (U. of M.)-First Lecture to be
given on Thurs., July 23, Room 1300
Chemistry Bldg., 7:30 p.m.
General Notices

9 a.m. Candidates may pick up their
tickets in Room 3510 Administration
Bldg. between the hours 8-12 and 12:30-
5 Monday through Friday, or 8-12:30
on Sat., Aug. 1.
United Nations Library: Alvin Thies-
sen, chief, General Reference Section,
Dag Hammarskjold Library, United Na-
tions, New York, will give an informal
talk on the Library of the United Na-
tions on Thurs., July 23, at 4 p.m. in'
Room 439 Mason Hall.,
Placement
POSITION OPENINGS:
Medical Economics, Oradell, N.J.-
yhis is a national business magazine
for physicians. Opening for Medical
News Bureau Manager. BA with liberal
arts major & MA in journ. pref. Must
have combined editorial, medical &
management bkgd. Will manage Medi-
cal Economic's regional bureaus across
the U.S. Must be free & willing to
travel.
Dept. of Navy, David Taylor Model
Basin, Washington-Position for Aero-
space Engineer, Physicist, ME (one po-
sition). BS degree plus 3 yrs. exper.
Also continuing need for scientists &
engineers in the fields of structural
mech., hydromech., naval arch., ME,'
acoustics & vibration, electronics, phys-
ics & math.
B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio - 1.
Building Products Salesmen - Atlanta,
Cincinnati, Detroit, Dallas & N.Y.-
requires several yrs. exper. in bldg.
products sales. 2. Mktg. Supv.-Granu-I
Glow-several yrs. sales & mktg. bkgd.
In transportation industry. 3. Product
Engnr.-Aerospace-ME or ChE. Min.
2 yrs. exper. 4. Executive Secretary (fe-
male). Minimum 2 yrs. college-degree
pref. Must have ability to take tech.
dictation.

Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., De-
troit, Mich.-Field Reps. Salaried po-
sitions--employed by home office to
work in various offi esethroughout the
U.S. BA degree-any major. New grads;
men recently out of service or with a
few yrs. exper.
Van Straaten Chemical Co., Chicago,
11.-Seeking young man to serve as
Field Research Engineer. Will take new-
ly developed products & test them in
customers' plants. Extensive travel.
Home base is Chicago. BS in Engineer-
ing, pref. metallurgical or mechanical.
Must have at least 2 yrs. of sales or
technical service exper.
* * s
For further information, please call
General Div., Bureau of Appointments,
3200, SAB, Ext. 3544.

A 1cross3
Campus
The Audio - Visual Education
Center will preview "Population
Econogy" and "The City and the
Future" at 1:30 p.m. in the Multi-
purpose Rm. of the UGLI.

ORGANIZATION
NOTICES
Baptist Student Union, Social: Food,
recreation, singing, Thurs., July 23, 6:30
p.m., 2670 Jackson Road, for transpor-
tation call Bob McDaniel at 3-0018.
* * *
B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation, July
22, 7:30 p.m., at Hillel, Jerry H. Bilik
will give an illustrated talk on "Music
and Madison Avenue." All are welcome.
Michigan Christian Fellowship, Lec-
ture: Brian Mawhinney, "Consistent
Chhistianity," July 22, 7:30 p.m., Mich-
igan Union, Third Floor.
.F

Madison Avenue...
Jerry H. Bilik of the music
school will relate "Music and
Madison Avenue" at 7:30 p.m. at
the B'nai B'rith Hillel Founda-
tion, 1429 Hill St.
Stanley Quartet...
The Stanley Quartet will per-
form in the Rackham Lecture Hall.
The group includes Gilbert Ross,
violin; Gustave Rosseels, violin;
Robert Courte, viola, and Jerome
Jelinek, cello, plus George Papich
on the viola.

A Breakfast honoring candidates
the master's degree will be held att
Michigan Union on Sun., Aug. 2,

for
the
at

1 4

RALPH
VOTAPEK
Pianist
Winner, Van Cliburn
International

Competitions, 1962
WED., JULY 29, 8:30
Rackham Auditorium
(air-conditioned),
ROGRAM
Four Sonatas-D, E, B-flat and D major ..,...... D. Scarlatti
Sonata in A minor, Op. 164 ..................... Schubert
Six Pieces, Op. 118 ............................ Brahms
Conriccio. Oa. 76. No. 2... . .......................Brahms

P

SaltDsne
presents

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