Sunday, January 13, 1969 THE MICHIGAN DAILY Page Three Sunday, January 13, 1969 IHE MICHIGAN DAILY Page Three South CAN THO, Vietnam (CPS)- While the National Liberation Front runs good and effective schools for children in Vietnam, the government's school system is run by the rich for the rich. The densely populated delta of Can Tho Is a good example ... Control over the poor is main- tained by the limited amount of classroom space, the location of the schools, and the kind of education offered. "We drop propaganda leaf- lets all over the place, but- we haven't taught the people, how to read," says Dr. D. J. Hayes, an education specialist in the U.S. pacification effort in the delta. Dr. Hayes, with four years experience in Vietnam, is con- sidered by many here to know more about rural Vietnamese schools than any other Ameri- can. Only one-third of the delta's school-age children are in school. Two-thirds of these are in the first three grades. Thus while 268;000 children' enrolled in the first grade for the 1967- 68 school year, only 2500 en- rolled in the twelfth grade..Most of the students were pushed out along the way because their parents cannot afford books, selool supplies, and s c h o o 1 clothes. Nor can they afford the special tutors needed to prime them for exams or the bribes needed to pay off officials if the son can't pass the exams. One of the largest dropout U.S. AID BUCKS THE SYSTEM Vietnam: Education for the ri rates, twenty-four percent, oc- curs between the third and the fourth grades. One reason for this is that the U.S. economic aid program in the delta went into an accelerated school build- ing program for the first three years-but extra class r o o m s were not built for grades four and five. Three years of school is, according to education ex- perts here, just short of "func- tional literacy" (the ability to read newspapers). Only the rich make it through Vietnam's school system. High schools are located only in large population centers, and the rur- al poor cannot afford to send their children to these schools. Good elementary teachers are assigned to the cities where the rich live. Most rural teachers have had only five years of education themselves plus a three-month teacher training program. Thus, rural children, even if their par- ents can afford to send them to high school, can seldom pass the high school entrance exams. A special problem is the edu- cation of the Cambodian minor- ity. Most ethnic Cambodian children do not speak Vietna- mese - or at best speak it very poorly. The Vietnamese teacher, with an already overcrowded school, turns many of the Cam- bodian children away. "Eighty-five percent of t h e Cambodian children don't go to school," claims Dr. Hayes. Text- books aren't e v e n written in Cambodian. Beginning with t h e 1969 school year, Dr. Hayes hopes to start a major program for the Cambodians. The first hurdle - allowing some of the classes to be taught in Cambodian - has already been passed. Dr. Hayes' concern for edu- cating the rural masses led him to obtain textbooks t h a t the NLF teachers are using. "I wanted to find out why their schools were so effective," he said. He found a skillfully prepared set of textbooks designed both to teach the three R's and to propagandize. The teacher's handbook on writing, for example, tells teachers to write the lessons on the board when the students are present so theycan observe and duplicate the motions. The lessons in the children's textbooks begin with very simple material, usually aimed at mak- ing the child a better citizen, anti develop into political les- sons. The reading lessons in Book include: "Remember to pull up the grass but don't pull up the pars- ley." "The little girl is preparing tea for the old pedicab driver." "Now Tam is joining the para- military self-defense; therefore his parents are very happy." "We all demonstrate against the cruel Americans." 1r From the first grade arith- metic book: "Little Oanh studied hard, so her mother gave her five can- dies. She gave two candies to her friend. How many candies did Oanh have left?" "Valiant Nguyen Van Be, American-killer, was 14 years old. At his first raid he killed seven Americans, the second battle he killed three more Americans. How many Amer- icans did he kill?" From the writing lessons: "'I know how to fight the Americans too, Uncle!' said the little boy. 'So, how do you fight the Americans?' I chuckled asking him. I hardly believed he told me. 'The American GI carried me. I was not happy, but he continued to carry me. I pick- ed up the filthy sand and put it into the barrel of his rifle.' " In the South, one of the greatest needs is for vocational training for children who have never had a chance to go to school. Today, thousands of young boys depend on shining shoes, watching cars, and pimp- ing for foreign soldiers. After the war, these children will be without jobs. The USAID (Agency for In- ternational Development) pro- gram makes no provision for these kids; the Americans have gone along with the courses the Saigon government has set up for the rich and nothing is being done for those who really need the help. All existing vocational train- h only ing programs, for example, re- quire their students to have a minimum of five years of ed- ucation at the time of entrance into vocational school. i Four years ago a large voca- tional training school was start- ed with U.S. money in Can Tho. The foundation and walls were built and the roof put on one of the three buildings. Now, more than half completed, the buildings have been abandoned,' the wooden window sills are rot- ting and the buildings are going into disrepair. "They say we're going to start working on it in February," said one USAID advisor. "But even if it really is finished, it won't be for the kids who really need it. It will only be for those who have had five years of school- ing." Ho's former quarters become visiting spots for Viet envoys P A R I S (P) - The peace- one of their entourage explain- makers from North Vietnam ed, "for our people to avoid and the Viet Cong have been lives of normality while our land hitting a Ho Chi Minh trail in and our compatriots are suffer- Paris. ing." The wispy-bearded president Therefore the bright lights of North Vietnam was here first and glitter of Paris are things in 1914, then in the 1920s, fin- to shun. ally in 1946. He was one of the One favorite outing that at- founders of the French Com- tracts many of them - espec- munist party and used to at- ially among the young officials tend jamborees of the now-de- - is to spend parts of their funct Communist Internationale weekends and vacations visiting as a French party delegate. Ho's old quarters. He once worked as a photo- Ho's old stamping grounds and grapher's retoucher and put an dwelling places have, for many advertisement in a Communist of his devoted followers, taken paper saying: - on the quality of shrines. "You who want a living sou- And with delays in the four- venir of your parents; have your way peace efforts, some dele- photographs retouched at Nguy- gates from North Vietnam and en Ai Ouoc's. Beautiful portrait the southern Viet Cong have and frame for 45 francs." had time on their hands. At the time, Ho's name was None has his wife with him. Nguyen Ai Quoc, meaning "It's almost a point on honor," "Nguyen the patriot." COMMUNICATE WITH A CHILD Learn from him and let him learn from YOU. Seek him out by calling the U of M tutorial project. 663-8607, P.M.'s or 769-4738 late eves. or by stopping in 2547 SAB 1-5 Info:662-6264 bad cops are good cops- and then there's HELD OVER 4th WEEK Hanoi and Viet Cong envoys, led by Xuan Thuy and T r an Buu Kierm, also do a lot of reading. They organize cultural occasions where folk-dancing and singing are highly popular. They play volleyball to keep fit - the Hanoi delegation's head- quarters in the suburb of Choisy-le-Roi, one hour's drive out of Paris, has a court. Their villa's owned by t h e French Communist party. The North Vietnamese team of about 60 live almost like a commune. The top brass of the Viet Cong- group live in a villa at Ver- rieres-les-Buissons, southwest of Paris. Having arrived huch lat- er and more hurriedly than their northern friends, their accom- modation problems were more difficult. The rest of the dele- gation lives within half a mile in the residential district. Almost all speak French. One of the unrecorded battles going on between the Commun- ist-inclined delegations and their rivals from Saigon is for the minds of the 45,000 Viet- namese who have settled in France. Vietnamese students en- rolled in French universities are targets for their attentions, too. Some of these younger, uncom- mitted Vietnamese have been spotted at both Saigon and at Hanoi functions. On the whole, the rule among the men from Hanoi and the Viet Cong is to trust, no non- Communists. The most complete supply of NEW and USED TEXTS and PAPERBACKS is at the Student Book. Service Shows at: and 915 1 :00-3:00-5-00-7:10 Inews today by The Associated Press and College Press Service PRESIDENT JOHNSON will pass the diplomatic initiative in the Middle East to his successor when he makes his final statement to the Soviet Union next week. Sources said yesterday that the reply drafted by the State Department and awaiting Johnson's signature will keep the door open for talks with the Soviets, concerning their Middle East peace proposal. Except for asking clarification on a number of points, it was reported the U.S. reply will merely "keep the ball roll- ing," without committing the country to any course of action. The Johnson administration will hold informal talks on the Soviet proposal with Britain, France, Israel and certain Arab countries. The proposal, condemned by Israel as an imposed settlement, was described by U.S. sources as "not a basis for settlement in the Middle East but a move in the right direc- tion." ISRAELI FIGHTERS attacked Arab command posi- tions across the Jordan River cease fire line yesterday. Jet fighters hammered commando outposts in Jordan in reprisal for an alleged rocket attack on an Israeli army vehicle. No Israeli casualties were reported. A spokesman in Amman, Jordan's capital, said the fighter attack inflicted damage but no one was killed. Israeli military sources said the jets later supported ground forces in a two-hour mortar and artillery battle three miles north of the Dead Sea. COMMUNIST FORCES IN VIETNAM shelled 28 air- fields and army camps in the heaviest wave of overnight attacks since the Nov. 1 bombing halt, military authorities reported today. Jn the second day of unusually heavy rocket and mortar assaults speculation grew that the enemy command had ordered military pressure increased to emphasize _Hanoi's displeasure with the deadlock of the Paris peace talks. The attacks were concentrated on outposts and towns in the thickly populated Mekong Delta south of Saigon and on American and South Vietnamese camps guarding the north- western approaches to the capital. PRESIDENT JOHNSON has apparently given up hope of a committment from President-elect Nixon on the continuation of the 10 per cent surtax. Scheduling of the State of the Union Message for next Tuesday indicates the President has given up hope of any statement from Nixon on whether to recommend an exten- sion of the surtax, the Associated Press reported yesterday. Sources indicated the President wants to submit a near- ly balanced budget for the fiscal year starting July 1 but said it would be difficult for him to achieve such a balance without a continuation of the surtax. The tax brings in about $12 billion a year. FIRST NATIONAL CITY BANK, announced Friday it was increasing interest rates on personal loans. Other banks indicated they may follow suit. First National, New York's largest bank, will increase interest rates one-fourth of one per cent, a bank spokesman said. John J. Reynolds,'senior vice president of the bank said the move was made necessary by the increased cost of money generally and by an increase in operating expenses. The action was the second time in a week that First Na- tional took the lead in raising key interest rates. T u e s d a y morning it announced a one-fourth point rise, to a record 7 per cent, in the prime rate-the amount charged on loans to corporate borrowers. *MADMARVIN IS BACK * m at the Vth Forum. Thur., Fri., Sat., Sun. at 11:00 P.M. stop by ...you wont be disappointed. LISTEN HERSCHEL LISTEN HERSCHEL' LISTEN HERSCHEL Every noon Monday-Friday we're dishing up SUP also onion rolls, sweet rolls, coffee, coke at You can have whatever you want as long as it's bean or Cuernauaca Chicken -The mgmt. a a a a... . a a . a.9 .. . AS!IJE IYT " A Su6SESTED FOR MATURE AUDIENCES TECHNICOLORfROM WARNER BROS.-SEYEN ARTS Next attraction: -"YELLOW SUBMARINE" 1 * * separate adm ission I I PROFESSIONAL THEATRE PROGRAM, I MARCH ON WASHINGTON Jn.18, 19 20 1. Ann Arbor Movement Center 2. Liberation Classes 3. Counter-Inauguration March 4. Counter-Inauguration Ball BUS TICKETS NOW 2527 SAB 1-6 P.M. 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