, lanuary.1 l,'19691' THE MICHIGAN DAILY Page .Three January 11, 196~ THE MICHIGAN DAILY Paae Three WITHER HIGHER EDUCATION? An old solution for an older problem By SUSIE SCHMIDT WASHINGTON (CPS).-Sug- gesting that the federal gov- ernment take a more active part in the financing of higher ed- ucation in America has been a popular pastime lately. So has championing the right of every able student to an ed- ucation, regardless of his abili- ty to pay. Those were the dual notes sounded again shortly . before Christmas by the Carnegie Com- mission on Higher Education, in a report called "New Levels of Federal Responsibility." Clark Kerr, former president of the University of California at Berkeley and now chairman of the Carnegie Foundation- funded Commission, explains his proposals in terms of "quali- ty and quantity" for higher ed- igation in the 1970's. By 1976-77, he says, the fed- eral government will have to be bearing one-third of' higher education's total cost in this country (estimated at $13 bil- lion) as opposed to the one- fifth it now carries. If it does not assume this responsibility, the Commission says; the quali- ty of the nation's already pinching universities will de- cline almost beyond retrieval; and they wil become unable to open their doors to students who cannot pay exorbitant tuition fees. The Commission's 56-page, report contains a total of 22 recomendations (all handily writen in language easily adapt- able to legislation and with price tags already attached) for federal aid to higher educa- tion. The recommendations would channel funds to students themselves (enabling them to choose their own institutions), and to the schools for facilities and salaries. In addition, the report urges establishment of two new fed- eral agencies concerned with higher education: a foundation (like the/ National Science Foundation) to work for devel- opment of new techniques in education, and a council on ed- ucation to work directly under - the White House. The rationale for such ex- tensive federal participation, of course, is the same theory of education that Kerr introduced anialysis in 1963 and which so endeared him to liberal intellectuals and so enraged students: The uni- versity is a place where young people are taught the trades they will need to fit into gov- ernment, business, and the other roles modern society wants them to fill. A logical extension is that, since universities are filling the society's manpower needs (not to mention doing its war research), the government has an obligation to finance university programs. A major guiding premise of the Commission report is that as long as most of society is going to regard a diploma as a ticket to jobs and economic se- curity, higher education must be made available to many more poor students. If this is not done, the present informal elitist system in America might as well become an hereditary ruling class. Another praiseworthy point is the recommendation that most aid to students be in the form of direct stipends to them, so that they can choose their own school and plunk down cash for it. Such a system avoids the pitfalls of loan programs which handicap students to payments for the first years after grad- uation when they can least af- ford it, and of giving money only to institutions with their wobbly admissions policies. .But at that point the Com- mission blinks and starts to sound like every other good lib- eral proposal ever made f o r higher education. Who is to get the government money to go to school? Those who could not afford college, but who are qual- ified to attend; those who can get high scores on College Board exams and write the King's English and conjugate French verbs. And so the much-touted re- port begs the question: what about those students to whom higher education (and to a large extent high school education) has never adapted - those who speak the language of the ghet- to, who do not know how to answer College Board questions? The educational system knows how to deal with these students: it prods them along until they are 16, trying to cram them in- to square holes they don't un- derstand and making them mis- erable, and then it (conscious- ly or unconsciously) forces them to drop out of the schools which are more comfortable without them. Or it lets them finish high school without once having used their minds for anything but memorizing senseless equations and rules. Is the educational system ever to do anything for the students who not only can't afford col- lege but who don't qualify in the conventional sense? Obviously, if it is to attempt to solve social problems rationally, it must. The answer is assuredly not ignor- ing them, as the Carnegie Com- mission, like its predecessors, would do. Nor is the answer that of the San Francisco State radicals, who are demanding that t h e college admit all non-white stu- dents who apply to the school next fall. Taking in exactly those stu- dents - all who apply - is, in the end, the right answer, but not while the colleges are or- ganized as they are today. "Let- ting them in" and then flunk- ing them out because they don't understand what is going on there is not a solution. Before that step can be taken, colleges will have to develop programs to acclimate these students to col- lege, to train them in some skills they do not have, but more important, to change the college into an institution com- patible with American subcul- tures and minority races, and an institution which can take people who didn't pass their College Boards (as well as those who did) and teach them to think and reason and learn how to use their minds to make their lives better and deeper. That sort of study, that sort of program, is what the Carne- gie Commission should be study- ing and thinking about. But perhaps in the long run, what- ever it thinks about and re- commends to the government in 1969 will not make any differ- ence. Perhaps asking the federal gov- ernment in 1969 to do some- thing for those "who are too poor" for college, is a wasted gesture. Perhaps after the Nix- on victory we will really hear the middle class telling t h em- selves, in this year of Amer- ica's deepest bitterness and agony, that they are tired of giving their hard-earned money to the have-nots, that it's finally time for them to take and take and give no more. AFTER THE THAW: The memory lingers on The most complete supply of NEW and USED TEXTS and PAPERBACKS is at the Student Book Service By WILLIAM L. RYAN AP Special Correspondent Recently a Soviet court af- firmed the sentence to exile or labor camp of five intellectuals who disagreed with the invasion of Czechoslovakia. The case underscored how So- viet policy often seems to trip over its own feet in domestic, foreign and international affairs and in the use of the nation's enormous power. If policy aims are what theyseem to be, Mos- cow often appears to defeat its own purpose. The party has only a year to prepare for what obviously will be an elaborate celebration of the 100th anniversary of Lenin's birth. Signs indicate frantic haste to repair and polish the Soviet image by then, but there's a lot of polishing to do and time is short. Is Moscow trying to erase the memory of Stalin and give com- munism a more attractive look? Recent events In the orbit 0 more and more evoke the Stalin image and create an impression that for 12 years "de-Staliniza- tion" has been mostly an illu- sion. Vladimir Ilyich 'Ulyanov, who called himself Lenin, established the Bolsheviks in power 51 years ago. He promised all man- ner of freedoms, self -determina- tion for, minorities, the "with- ering away of the state." Since then Russia has come far in terms of state power, armed might, massive industry, scien- tific achievements. In terms of Lenin's promises, it has been retrogressive. What was autocracy under the tsar is today's "partyocracy," or total domination by a relatively small group. Does the Kremlin seek to maintain the picture of Western "imperialism" as the greatest threat to world peace? The Soviet Union often looks like the imperial Russia whence it sprung. For the restless ex- pansion of tsarist Russia which enveloped one-sixth of the earth's surface, there is today's imperialism of "socialism." For tsarist sway over sub- jugated states, there is today's sway over Communist European states. The Kremlin claims the right to dictate their foreign and domestic policies just as the tsars controlled those matters for satellite states. - Does Kremlin policy, as has been evident for a long time, seek to drive wedges into the North' Atlantic Alliance and break it up? The invasion of Czechoslova- kia and the Soviet posture to- ward central Europe oblige NATO to tighten its structure, just as Stalin's policies 19 years ago helped bring about the birth of NATO. Does Kremlin policy seek a lessening of tensions, a detente, to permit more attention to the crisis of international commu- nism and to internal Soviet problems? The recent declaration of the Brezhnev Doctrine - claiming the right of intervention where 6ommum -C. .ice -. ice. - - - - 1i. - ice. - - p0 presents i { JIM KWF SKIN Laughin' and scratchin' TON IT E .... 8:00P.M. free food & drink ndAY:tables & chairs too SUSN0DAY ADMISSION: $2.00 at the door~ ($1.75 after 2nd set) M I Moscow feels "socialism" threat- ened-is a severe setback to any hopes of detente. The Brezhnev Doctrine is extended even to in- clude the right to intervene in West Germany at the appear- ance there of anything seeming to Moscow to be a "threat to socialism." Westerners with access to So- viet technocrats in posts around the world react with awe to dis- plays of themodern Soviet bu- reaucratic mind at work, a mind which says it was right and necessary to invade Czechoslo- vakia, that the Russians have a right, if they please, to invade Romania and Yugoslavia be- cause "we gave them freedom" in World War II. The doctrine, in a nutshell, is: "They belong to us; we will do with them as we please." All this has hastened the col- lapse of what until recently had seemed a fairly successful cam- paign to erode NATO. One big difference between imperial Rusia and the U.S.S.R. is that the tsars lacked an in- ternational movement to use as an instrument of policy. Today's Moscow has one, but few will deny that the international movement is in deep crisis. Im- portant parties are acting up, largely because of Moscow's own policies, which tend Ito damage prospects of Communists in the West. The Russians blame every- body but themselves. Their trou- bles are caused by American "imperialists," by foreign spies, saboteurs and propagandists trying as Moscow tells it, to wrench nations from the Mos- cow orbit. The invasion of Czechoslova- kia and the Brezhnev Doctrine delivered blows ,to Communist world unity for which Moscow still anxiously seeks a summit of party leaders. Bluntly, however, Soviet theo- reticians announce that there cannot ,be any such thing as liberalization in the Communist system. Parties seeking respect- ability, in the educated West cannot openly accept such theses without risking heavy losses, and the divisions in the movement have deepened. the news toda by~ The Associated Press and College Press Service NEUTRAL SWEDEN extended diplomatic recognition to North Vietnam yesterday. Sweden thus becomes the first western nation to recog- nize.North Vietnam. There is increasing speculation that the next Swedish move may be to recognize the National Liberation Front. Relations between Sweden and South Vietnam lapsed two years ago and have not been resumed. Official U.S. State Department reaction was restrained. "The U.S. government does not believe this decision will ad- vance the cause of peace in Southeast Asia," a spokesman said. In Oslo, the Norwegian foreign ministry announced the government will meet early next week to discuss the ques- tion of recognizing North Vietnam. SECRETARY OF HEALTH, Education and Welfare Wilbur J. Cohen urged a 50 per cent hike in Social Secur- ity benefits yesterday. Cohen said that such a move would drastically cut pov- erty in the United States. He also recommended to President Johnson that family planning information be made avail- able to the poor, on a voluntary basis. Cohen called for an immediate 15 per cent across-the- board hike to $70 a month and eventual minimum benefits of at least $100 a month. The current minimum is $55 month- ly. THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE has filed suit against the big four auto makers for an alleged agree- ment in restraint of trade. The civil anti-trust suit filed in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, alleges that General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and American Motors have agreed since 1953 to eliminate all com- petition among themselves in the field of air-pollution con- trol devices. The suit further alleged that the defendants agreed to install anti-pollution devices only at a uniform date. BRITISH PRIME MINISTER HAROLD WILSON re- fused yesterday to back down from his offer to compro- mise with the rebellious government of Southern Rho- desia. Under pressure from Africa and Asian members of the British Commonwealth at the Commonwealth Congress in London, Wilson defended his proposal to Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith as "the lesser of two evils." The proposal, which would have maintained Smith as the head of Rhodesia, while extracting certain representational concessions for black Rhodesians, was rejected by Smith. The African Commonwealth members feared that any guarantees made by Smith could easily be broken. Wilson also rejected a proposal by Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda for direct military intervention in Rho- desia. Wilson agreed that Rhodesia should not be recognized until black rule is established there. * . . REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CHAIRMAN Ray Bliss yes terday was asked by Richard Nixon to remain the party chairman. The move put an end to speculation that Nixon would drop Bliss from the Republican leadership position. Nixon also named Lockheed executive James D. Hodgson as undersecretary of labor. Secretary of Labor-designate George P. Shultz denied that there was any significance that no appointees Aso far have been union representatives. THE U.S. SENATE debated strengthening its anti- filibuster rule yesterday. Sen. Frank Church, D-Idaho, wants to reduce the ma- jority needed for cloture from two-thirds to three-fifths. Sens. Phillip A. Hart, D-Mich., and Jacob K. Javits, R-N.Y., are pressing for a rule that would require only 51 senators to cut off debate. Senate liberals have never been successful in reducing the two-thirds majority rule, established in 1917. The at- tempt to change the rule this year could be thwarted by a fili- buster. THE SOVIET UNION launched an unmanned probe to Venus yesterday. This was the second launching of a Venus probe in fIve days by the U.S.S.R. Yesterday's probe, Venus 6, is scheduled to make a soft landing on Venus in mid-May. THE SATURDAY EVENING POST will cease publi- cation with its Feb. 8 issue. The Post, founded in 1821, has been loosing money for the past ten years. The president of the Post said the maga- zine was "a victim of changing times." .. . ../ f#**'" UNIVERSITY r { i}4 " MSICAL SOCIETj E i z I" I 3 I I E I 1 i I E Saturday and Sunday LEFT-HANDED GUN Directed by Arthur Penn (Bonnie and Clyde), 1958 Screenplay by Gore Vidal (your favorite liberal) PAUL NEWMAN as Billy the Kid One of the greatest and most realistic westerns ever made; the forerunner in theme and style of Bonnie and Clyde. 7:00 & 9:05 ARCHITECTURE 75c AUDITORIUM 4 r I COME TO Student Book Service and visit LIZ HAHN CLIFF CAROL LOFTUS a I Cycles sell in Classifieds TODAY AT 1, 3,5,7,9 P.M. MIC14IGAN gg. interlude cuddles up to the subject of infidelity with unblinking honesty! oskar werner and barbara ferris per- form with charm, intelligence and ardent conviction!" -PLAYBOY MAGAZINE oskar werner is not to be missed!he does everything :so right you can't stop FOX EASTERN TH EATRES ROA~-I HELD OVER FOR ILLE 375 No.MAPLE RD.-769-1300 MWN.-MlI. 7:00-9:20 SAT.-SUN. 2:00-4:20- 6:45-9:10. goocigrief iscan y.l I