Thursday, January 23., 1969 T'HE' MICHIGAN DAILY Page Three Thursday, January 23, 1969 THE MICHIGAN DAILY Page Three INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Half- breakthroughs seen in Biafra situation By ANNE MILLETT College Press service "If the war continues, there is a great danger that it will be- come a war between the great powers, above and beyond a war between Nigeria and Biafra," warned Lord Fenner Brockway, chairman of the British Commit- tee for Peace in Nigeria, in an ad- dress to a day-long international conference on "Biafra Perspec- tives," held at Catholic University last week. On a peace-seeking trip to Africa last month the former No- bel Prize Candidate presented to both the Nigerian and Biafran heads of government a four-point program calling for an immed- iate ceasefire, an international peace-keeping force, negotiations for political settlement following a cooling-off period, and massive relief assistance. Both sides ac- cepted a ceasefire in principle, al- though particular conditions were not worked out. Lord Brockway cited two "half- breakthroughs : the Christmas truce, even though not fully ob- served, and the acceptance of daylight relief flights, though not yet implemented." Noting that "there is now a more approachable atmosphere;" Lord Brockway suggested "a Com- mittee of Good Offices of Three, composed of Emperor Haile Selas- si of Ethiopia and two. African Heads of State, one supporting each side, seeking a settlement." During his stay in Africa Lord Brockway said he "saw evidence of a highly organized and highly financed European black market supplying arms to both sides." He strongly advocated a United Na- tions inquiry into the matter. Holding out some hope for a vague or loose African confedera- tion, Lord Brockway urged that a "political organization be found that recognizes the loyalties of the Biafrans but that finds some basis for cooperation with o t h e r Africans." With Biafran deaths from star- vation projected at 25,000 a day for the next month, he proposed a conference in Geneva, with UN agencies and observers of govern- ments present, to nobilize massive international aid. Dr. Herman Middlekoop, head of the world relief effort for Bia- fra, related his experience with the Biafran people and praised their "total involvement" in the crisis. Speaking of the impact the bombings have had on the popula- tion, he observed, "People f e e 1 there is no choice - that they might as well fight to the end."t As for the starvation, Dr. iMd- dlekoop said that Biafra w a s "poised on the razor's edge." While protein malnutrition h a s decreased since October due to the relief -efforts, carbohydrate supplies are extremely limited. Congressman Donald Lukens (R-Ohio), the only American government official to visit Biafra recently, and Fulton Lewis, a Mu- tual radio commentator who ac- companied Lukens to Biafra, both pointed to the ignorance of the United States government on the Biafran situation. Lewis was "shocked at the lack of understanding and knowledge" exhibited by the U.S. Embassy in Nigeria. "It is much more difficult to believe the State Department after having returned from Bia- fra," he said. Declaring it to be "one of the tmost sickening experiences- of my life" Lewis explained that "while I was in Biafra, the closest thing to a military target hit was a prisoner-of-war camp." Churches, markets, missions and hospitals had all been bombed. Said Rep. Lukens, "If starvation was occur- ing in Holland or Belgium, world outcry would be fantastic - the fact that an under-developed country is suffering makes it of little interest." During a conference question- and-answer period, Nigerians con- fronted Biafrans on the floor in an exchange of heated accusa- tions. Nigerians claimed Biafrans were allowing food to pile up on their borders; Biafrans charged Nigerians with poisoning relief supplies. Nigerians argued that the conflict was an internal af- fair; Biafrans denied this by pointing to the outside support Nigeria was receiving. One Nigerian asked Rep. Luk- ens, "Which is more important to you-the South or Biafra? Nigeria or Vietnam?" Lukens replied, "As a result of my trip to Biafra I have withdrawn my support of my government's Vietnam policy." Lee Auspitz, former editor of the Ripon 'Society Forum, advo- cated passage of the bill spon- sored by Senators Pearson and Brooke and Representatives Fras- er and Morse, which will be in- troduced in Congress this week. The bill authorizes the govern- ment to provide additional as- sistance to relief organizations for use in Biafra. About 400 people, politicians, ambassadors and academicians, attended the conference, which was sponsored by Operation Out- rage, the Catholic University chapter of the American Commit- tee to Keep Biafra Alive. _________________- 4, B150 TONY AWARDS BEST MUSICAL TOYARS EST USIC L N Y. RAMA CRITICS PROFESSIONAL THEATRE PROGRAM SPECIAL MATINEE--4: O P.M. Tuesday, JAN. 2 728 Hill Auditorium Three Perfortnances Only! ADVANCE SALES-PTP TICKET OFFICE, MENDELSSOHN THEATRE rSUBSCRIBE TO THE MICHIGAN DAILY Freeman reviews advances fr farmers in his eight years as Agriculture Sec' WASHINGTON OP) - Eight years ago Orville L. Freeman, at the Senate hearing on his appointment as President John F. Kennedy's secretary of agri- culture, said he did not have all the answers to farmers' prob- lems but hg knew "it's darn hard to make a living on a farm." Today's farm people - about four million fewer than in 1961 -probably agree that Freeman's assessment of their livelihood remains undiluted, that it is still 0 ---- t X "darn hard" to be successful on the farm. But few people - not even Freeman's severest critics - can overlook the far-ranging and dramatic changes that ' have come to agriculture in the past eight years or the momentum developed to carry it into the 1970s. Freeman, charged with ad- ministering multibillion - dollar farm programs, has been in- volved deeply in the process and defends as vigorously today as he did over the years the role of' the federal government in the private business of agriculture. In his final yearly report to the President on the operations of his department, Freeman uses the occasion to review his eight-year tenure and to point out-almost poetically at times -some of the changes which have occurred, "Change - breathless, all-en- compassing, explosive change- is the motif of our time," Free- man said. Statistics are amply used by Freeman to show change and to suggest benefits to farmers through the programs he has helped develop. For example : -The average farmer now produces enough to meet the needs of 45 persons, compared with 26 in 1960. -Consumers spend 17 per cent of their take-home pay for food, compared with 20 per cent in 1960. -Farmers' net income this year is estimated at an average of $4,900, up about $2,000 from 1960.: -U.S. agricultural exports in the past eight years totaled about $18 billion more than the preceding eight. Through it all, Freeman re- ports the highlights of the per- iod and concludes that the American farmer is "future oriented" by the very nature of his job. "These men and women have a belief that tomorrow will be a brighter and better day-a be-' lief that carries them through hail, storm and drought-and there is now excellent reason to hope that this brighter day may be at hand," Freeman said. Freeman's view that things are rosier down on the farm than they were in 1961 after eight years of Republican ad- ministration also suggests that he believes federal farm pro- grams not only are here to stay Mad Marvin Invites You to Trip with him and his friends .1 in his 2nd colossal laugh program Thurs., Fri., Sat., Sun.-11:00 P.M. Vth Forum-separate admission but that they should continue much as they have. He said the production poten- tial of the U.S. farmer still is there, that if effective programs are not maintained to keep pro- duction in line the nation again could be burdened with expen- sive surpluses as it was eight years ago. At what he called a "swan song" news conference last week, Freeman declined to spec- ulate what the Nixon adminis- tration may have in store for agriculture. But he did not swerve from a prediction during the heat of the presidential campaign last fall that a Re- publican victory would result in the dismantling of present farm programs. Freeman, in a reflective mood, told newsmen that he almost quit in mid-1963 after farmers in a referendum turned down his tough, mandatory control program for wheat. "I seriously considered re- signing... . I didn't know /what to do," Freeman said. At the time, rumors circula- ed freely in Washington that Freeman was on the way out. that he might take a diplomatic post, possibly as ambassador to Mexico where he could help put new life inthe lagging Alliance for Progress program for Latin America. Second Class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. Published daily Tuesday through Sunday morning University year. Sub- scription rates: $9.00 by carrier, $10.00 by mail. the news toda by The Associated Press and College Press Service STUDENTS BEGAN HUNGER STRIKES in several Czechoslovakian cities yesterday to honor Jan Palach, the student who set himself afire last week to protest Soviet actions in Czechoslovakia. Police attempted to break up groups of strikers in Prague, but the students continued to maintain a day and night vigil in the square where Palach set himself afire. A third Czech set himself afire in protest yesterday, but was hospitalized in good condition. Josef Hlavaty, who burned himself Monday night is in serious condition. CMDR. LLOYD BUCHER was warned today that his testimony before a court of inquiry may be used against him in criminal proceedings. Capt. William Newcome, counsel for the U.S. Navy, told the U.S.S. Pueblo captain that facts revealed in the inquiry render him.suspect of a violation of Article 0730 of U.S. Naval Regulations. The article states that "The commanding officer shall not permit his command to be searched by any person repre- senting a foreign state nor permit his command to be re- moved from the command by such a person, so long as he has the power to resist." Newsome advised Bucher that because his testimony could be self-incriminating, he would not be required to make any further statements on the incident. Bucher, however, said that he would continue to tell the court "the full details" of the incident. THE SENATE has agreed to vote on the confirmation of Secretary of the Interior-designate Walter J. Hickel., The Senate agreement came yesterday on the heels of a debate over the Alaskan governor's role in. an Alaskan suit to stop the establishment of a free trade port in the state of Maine, a measure favored by international oil interests but opposed by domestic interests. Hickel formerly held a large interest in a domestic oil corporation. The opposition against Hickel is led by Sen. William Proxmire (D-Wis.), and includes Senators John Pastore (D- R.I.), and Edmund Muskie (D-Maine). Sen. Phillip A. Hart (D-Mich.) is supporting Hickel. Hickel, the only one of the 12 Nixoh appointees to face any Senate opposition, is expected to win confirmation easily. * . . POPE PAUL VI, speaking on the, subject of ecumenic- ism, has made one of the most liberal statements of his papacy. Speaking yesterday to 8,000 in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, the pontiff called upon all Catholics to "humbly acknowledge the share of moral guilt" which Catholics may have had in the split in the Catholic Church into Protestant denominations. THE HOUSE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES COM- MITTEE has had a significant shift in its make up, with the addition of three moderate members. Three Democrats, Representatives Claude Pepper of Florida, Louis Stokes of Ohio, and Richardson Preyer of North Carolina, were reported to be designated for commit- tee posts. The nine-man committee will lose Rep. John C. Culver (D-Iowa), its only liberal member in recent years. The committee is expected to be reorganized this year under/the name "House Committee on Internal Security." Stokes, older brother of Cleveland Mayor Carl Stokes, is the first black to serve on HUAC. Thank you for making last weekend's program No. 1 such a success. If you missed program No. 1'because of the sold-out shows be sure to come early for program No. 2-It's equally hilarious. THE COMEDY GREATS-Program No. 2 W. C. FIELDS-"The Pharmacist", LAUREL & HARDY-"Double Whoopeee" a really great one featuring on appear- ance by JEAN HARLOW. CHARLIE CHAPLIN-"Easy Street" The best knowns of his Mutual Series, a sub- dued comedy with overtones of social criticism. "HAPPY TIMES AND JOLLY MOMENTS"-a compilation of Max Sennett come- dies including BEN TURPIN, FATTY ARBUCKLE, and the KEYSTONE KOPS. "THE PERILS OF PAULINE"-"Goddess of the Far West" the most acclaimed of the Pearl White Series, complete with daring rescue scene!! "INSPIRATION"-A fabulous Czech stop-motion film of a Dream World in a drop of water. PLUS--our continuing BUCK ROGERS space serial and BETTY BOOP cartoon. HELD OVER ! ,_. W~e "As U r Program Information 2-6264 6th Big Week Shows at 1:00-3:00-5:00-7:10 & 9:20 ONE OP THE' BEST MOVIES I'VE SEEN, THIS' YEAR. -Saturday Review here bad cops and thcro airoeood cpes and thwn iherds IDullitt STEVE MCUEEN ppjuna uam umaca TECCOLDROM fE R os31.- SEE ARS I STARTS FRIDAY _. MIC141GAN ENDS TONIGHT OTTO PREMINGER'S "SKIDOO" READ BOOKS' Every Sunday in £tthtQatt ..... "The Best Suspense Western Since 'High Noon." -Los Angeles Herald-Examiner 'An exercise in sheer terror' ...one of the great scare films of all time...it is delicious. It is nothing to see on a dark and stormy night." -life I January 24-25 THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING, THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING, withr ALAN ARKIN JONATHON WINTERS CARL REINER MICHAEL J. POLLARD (W. C. Moss) "A Counter-Revolutionary Film" -Pete Meyers r I C 11 THE CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL COIMMITTEE invites you to spend SUNDAY, JANUARY 26th in THE MICHIGAN UNION 2:00 CLIVE BARNES, Drama Dance Critic New York Times, Speaking on "Theatre '69: New and Living" JANUARY 26-8:00 P.M. Folk Entertainment 9 P.M.-JOHN SUNDELL :: ..